docker常用命令大全
一、帮助命令
- docker版本信息：
docker version
- 功能：查看docker版本相关信息
- 执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-102.git7f2769b.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 7f2769b/1.13.1
Built: Mon Aug 5 15:09:42 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
Package version: docker-1.13.1-102.git7f2769b.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 7f2769b/1.13.1
Built: Mon Aug 5 15:09:42 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
- docker详细信息：
docker info
- 功能：查看docker的详细信息
- 执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Containers: 1
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 1
Images: 2
Server Version: 1.13.1
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
...
- docker命令指南：
docker --help
- 功能：可以查看docker命令的使用方法
- 执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker --help
Usage: docker COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
--help Print usage
...
Management Commands:
container Manage containers
image Manage images
network Manage networks
...
二、镜像命令
1. 本地镜像信息查询：docker images
功能：查看docker中包含的镜像信息
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/mysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541 MB
docker.io/longhronshens/mycat-docker latest f9a4ece7c742 2 years ago 793 MB
选项说明：
- Repository：表示镜像的仓库源
- TAG：镜像的标签，同一个仓库源可以有多个TAG，代表不同的版本
- IMAGE ID：镜像id
- CREATED：镜像创建时间
- SIZE：镜像大小
docker images -a
功能：列出本地所有镜像（包含中间层）
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/mysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541 MB
docker.io/longhronshens/mycat-docker latest f9a4ece7c742 2 years ago 793 MB
docker images -q
功能：只显示镜像id
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -q
be0dbf01a0f3
f9a4ece7c742
docker images -qa
功能：只显示所有镜像id（包含中间层）
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -q
be0dbf01a0f3
f9a4ece7c742
docker images --digests
功能：显示镜像的摘要（描述）信息
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker images --digests
REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/mysql latest sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541 MB
docker.io/longhronshens/mycat-docker latest sha256:9a1bcb799be649799667476de9fbeb11446b7a1977c9eb5f1706638531a98ab8 f9a4ece7c742 2 years ago 793 MB
docker images --no-trunc
功能：显示完整的镜像id信息
执行结果：
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/mysql latest sha256:be0dbf01a0f3f46fc8c88b67696e74e7005c3e16d9071032fa0cd89773771576 2 weeks ago 541 MB
docker.io/longhronshens/mycat-docker latest sha256:f9a4ece7c74282ea6640d3dc0d87de9756fc07f6a84d50bd0aeba8f61b26054c 2 years ago 793 MB
docker images --no-trunc --digests
功能：显示完整的镜像id信息和镜像描述
执行结果：
REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/mysql latest sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 sha256:be0dbf01a0f3f46fc8c88b67696e74e7005c3e16d9071032fa0cd89773771576 2 weeks ago 541 MB
docker.io/longhronshens/mycat-docker latest sha256:9a1bcb799be649799667476de9fbeb11446b7a1977c9eb5f1706638531a98ab8 sha256:f9a4ece7c74282ea6640d3dc0d87de9756fc07f6a84d50bd0aeba8f61b26054c 2 years ago 793 MB
2. 仓库镜像信息查询：docker search [镜像名称]
功能：从仓库中查询镜像信息
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 2761 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tomee Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE cert... 79 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba... 54 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/tomcat Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image 35 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/kubeguide/tomcat-app Tomcat image for Chapter 1 28
docker.io docker.io/consol/tomcat-7.0 Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin" 17 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/cloudesire/tomcat Tomcat server, 6/7/8 15 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/aallam/tomcat-mysql Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL 13 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/arm32v7/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 10
docker.io docker.io/rightctrl/tomcat CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application s... 6 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/maluuba/tomcat7-java8 Tomcat7 with java8. 5
docker.io docker.io/unidata/tomcat-docker Security-hardened Tomcat Docker container. 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/amd64/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 2
docker.io docker.io/arm64v8/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 2
docker.io docker.io/jelastic/tomcat An image of the Tomcat Java application se... 2
docker.io docker.io/99taxis/tomcat7 Tomcat7 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/camptocamp/tomcat-logback Docker image for tomcat with logback integ... 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/i386/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 1
docker.io docker.io/oobsri/tomcat8 Testing CI Jobs with different names. 1
docker.io docker.io/ppc64le/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 1
docker.io docker.io/appsvc/tomcat 0
docker.io docker.io/cfje/tomcat-resource Tomcat Concourse Resource 0
docker.io docker.io/picoded/tomcat7 tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAG... 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/s390x/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 0
docker.io docker.io/secoresearch/tomcat-varnish Tomcat and Varnish 5.0 0 [OK]
docker search [镜像名称] --no-trunc
功能：显示完整的镜像描述
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat --no-trunc
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementation of the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies 2761 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tomee Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certified stack where Apache Tomcat is top dog. 79 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 based docker container. 54 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/tomcat Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image 35 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/kubeguide/tomcat-app Tomcat image for Chapter 1 28
docker.io docker.io/consol/tomcat-7.0 Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin" 17 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/cloudesire/tomcat Tomcat server, 6/7/8 15 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/aallam/tomcat-mysql Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL 13 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/arm32v7/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementation of the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies 10
docker.io docker.io/rightctrl/tomcat CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application ssl https 6 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/maluuba/tomcat7-java8 Tomcat7 with java8. 5
...
docker search [镜像名称] --filter=stars=[指定值]等价于docker search [镜像名称] -f=stars=[指定值]
功能：列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像信息
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat -f=stars=30
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 2761 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tomee Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE cert... 79 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba... 54 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/tomcat Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image 35 [OK]
docker search tomcat --automated
功能：只列出automated build类型的镜像信息
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat --automated
Flag --automated has been deprecated, use --filter=automated=true instead
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba... 54 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/tomcat Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image 35 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/consol/tomcat-7.0 Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin" 17 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/cloudesire/tomcat Tomcat server, 6/7/8 15 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/aallam/tomcat-mysql Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL 13 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/rightctrl/tomcat CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application s... 6 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/unidata/tomcat-docker Security-hardened Tomcat Docker container. 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/99taxis/tomcat7 Tomcat7 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/camptocamp/tomcat-logback Docker image for tomcat with logback integ... 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/picoded/tomcat7 tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAG... 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/secoresearch/tomcat-varnish Tomcat and Varnish 5.0 0 [OK]
docker search [镜像名] --limit=[值]
功能：只列出指定条数的镜像信息,可以和前面的混搭使用
执行结果：
[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat --limit=5
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 2761 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/tomcat Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image 35 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/rightctrl/tomcat CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application s... 6 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/jelastic/tomcat An image of the Tomcat Java application se... 2
docker.io docker.io/cfje/tomcat-resource Tomcat Concourse Resource
3. 拉取镜像：docker pull [镜像名]:[TAG]
功能：从远程仓库中拉取镜像，如果没有指定TAG,默认为latest
执行结果：
[root@localhost docker]# docker pull zookeeper
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/zookeeper ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/zookeeper
8559a31e96f4: Already exists
65306eca6b8e: Pull complete
ddbf88050b6e: Pull complete
0cb03c61bf26: Pull complete
0fae52060f18: Pull complete
a0d6ea5c70b0: Pull complete
7130f613f7ed: Pull complete
a76b0e46e043: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4a466f78baa1ac26de51ce4619a41db8cf174bd683ac8b3285aca97ac84aa034
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/zookeeper:latest4. 移除本地镜像：docker rmi [镜像id...]
由于不想再次下载，这里将不展示其执行结果
- 删除单个本地镜像：
docker rmi -f [镜像id]
- 删除多个本地镜像：
docker rmi -f [镜像名:TAG 镜像名:TAG...]
- 删除本地全部镜像：
docker rmi -f ${docker images -aq}
三、容器命令
1. 新建并启动容器
- 命令格式：
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]- OPTIONS简介
--name='[容器别名]'：为容器指定一个别名-i：以交互模式运行容器，通常与-t一起使用-t：为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与-i一起使用-P：随机端口映射-p：指定端口映射ip:hostPort:containerPortip::containerPorthostPort:containerPortcontainerPort
-d：创建自动式守护容器
2. 列出容器
- 命令格式：docker ps [Options]
- OPTIONS简介
- 列出当前正在运行的容器：
docker ps
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7b2284a529de mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 28 hours ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql01
- 列出当前的+之前运行过的容器：
docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7b2284a529de mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 28 hours ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql01
- 显示最近创建的容器：
docker ps -l
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7b2284a529de mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 28 hours ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql01
- 只显示容器编号：
docker ps -q
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -q
7b2284a529de
- 不截断输出：
docker ps --no-trunc
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps --no-trunc
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7b2284a529de0f34723880792b2fa16107c787ff0bfc6b75fe3213a12b63dc26 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld" 28 hours ago Up 7 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql01
3.退出容器（交互式容器）
- 容器停止并推出：
exit
- 容器不停止推出:
ctrl+P+Q
4. 启动容器：docker start [容器名/容器id]
[root@localhost ~]# docker start mysql01
mysql01
5. 重启容器：docker restart mysql01
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart mysql01
mysql01
6. 停止容器
- 停止容器：
docker stop [容器名]
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop mysql01
mysql01
- 强制停止容器：
docker kill [容器名]
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill mysql01
mysql01
7. 删除容器
- 删除单个容器：
docker rm [容器名/容器id]
- 一次性删除多个容器：
docker rm -f ${docker ps -aq}docker ps -aq | xargs docker rm
四、容器日志查看
- 命令格式：
docker log -f -t --tail [行数] 容器id
- OPTIONS简介
-t：在日志中加入时间戳
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -t mysql01
2020-06-26T08:19:18.343090000Z 2020-06-26 08:19:18+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.20-1debian10 started.
2020-06-26T08:19:20.634688000Z 2020-06-26 08:19:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2020-06-26T08:19:20.734797000Z 2020-06-26 08:19:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.20-1debian10 started.
2020-06-26T08:19:21.226702000Z 2020-06-26T08:19:21.210250Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2020-06-26T08:19:21.226874000Z 2020-06-26T08:19:21.210354Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.20) starting as process 1
2020-06-26T08:19:21.235251000Z 2020-06-26T08:19:21.228934Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2020-06-26T08:19:22.856212000Z 2020-06-26T08:19:22.849135Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2020-06-26T08:19:23.482885000Z 2020-06-26T08:19:23.478688Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock' bind-address: '::' port: 33060
-f：跟随最新的日志打印
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f mysql01
2020-06-26 08:19:18+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.20-1debian10 started.
2020-06-26 08:19:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2020-06-26 08:19:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.20-1debian10 started.
2020-06-26T08:19:21.210250Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2020-06-26T08:19:21.210354Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.20) starting as process 1
2020-06-26T08:19:21.228934Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2020-06-26T08:19:22.849135Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2020-06-26T08:19:23.478688Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock' bind-address: '::' port: 33060
--tail：显示最后多少条日志
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs --tail 3 mysql01
2020-06-26T09:09:28.695860Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-06-26T09:09:28.702762Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
2020-06-26T09:09:28.745485Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.20' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server - GPL.
五、查看容器内运行的进程
- 命令格式：
docker top 容器名/id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top mysql01
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
systemd+ 3424 3408 1 05:09 ? 00:00:08 mysqld
六、查看容器内部细节
- 命令格式：
docker inspect 容器名/id
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect mysql01
[
{
"Id": "7b2284a529de0f34723880792b2fa16107c787ff0bfc6b75fe3213a12b63dc26",
"Created": "2020-06-25T03:41:42.117229229Z",
"Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"mysqld"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 3424,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-06-26T09:09:27.12868915Z",
"FinishedAt": "2020-06-26T09:00:09.694185066Z"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "457ff21afb25582c73071b7a50530d8505d1ee17916641703f61c5be1085a47c",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"3306/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": "3306"
}
],
"33060/tcp": null
},
...
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID":
...
}
}
}
}
]
七、进入正在运行的容器并以命令行交互
- 命令格式一：
docker exec -it [容器名/id] /bin/bash，不需要进入伪输入终端就可以操作容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql01 /bin/bash
root@7b2284a529de:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
- 命令格式二：
docker attach [容器名/id],必须进入到伪输入终端才可以和容器交互
八、将容器中文件拷贝到主机中
命令格式：
docker cp 容器id:容器内部路径 目的主机路径
其主要目的是保存容器中的数据，将其持久化