springboot下缓存的使用(注解)

Spring boot 下缓存使用 (最下方附带源码)

常用注解

springboot下缓存的使用(注解)_第1张图片

几个注解常用参数 

springboot下缓存的使用(注解)_第2张图片

 常用的cache SpEL表达式

springboot下缓存的使用(注解)_第3张图片

使用缓存的步骤 

1.开启缓存

1、开启基于注解的缓存 @EnableCaching   (在主程序class中添加此注解)

springboot下缓存的使用(注解)_第4张图片

2、标注缓存注解即可

                                  @Cacheable

                                  @CacheEvict

                                  @CachePut

 默认使用的是ConcurrentMapCacheManager==ConcurrentMapCache;将数据保存在      ConcurrentMap

 开发中使用缓存中间件;redis、memcached、ehcache;

   

     原理:

       1、自动配置类;CacheAutoConfiguration

        2、缓存的配置类

       org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.GenericCacheConfiguration

       org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.JCacheCacheConfiguration

        org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.EhCacheCacheConfiguration

        org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.HazelcastCacheConfiguration

        org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.InfinispanCacheConfiguration

      org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CouchbaseCacheConfiguration

        org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration

       org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CaffeineCacheConfiguration

       org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.GuavaCacheConfiguration

      org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.SimpleCacheConfiguration【默认】

        org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.NoOpCacheConfiguration

       3、哪个配置类默认生效:SimpleCacheConfiguration;

    

       4、给容器中注册了一个CacheManagerConcurrentMapCacheManager

        5、可以获取和创建ConcurrentMapCache类型的缓存组件;他的作用将数据保存在ConcurrentMap中;

  

      3. 运行流程:

 

所有缓存使用都在Service层下

抽取缓存公共配置

@Service
@CacheConfig(cacheNames="emp"/*,cacheManager = "employeeCacheManager"*/) //抽取缓存的公共配置

     

       @Cacheable

 @Cacheable(value = {"emp"}/*,keyGenerator = "myKeyGenerator",condition = "#a0>1",unless = "#a0==2"*/)
    public Employee getEmp(Integer id){
        System.out.println("查询"+id+"号员工");
        Employee emp = employeeMapper.getEmpById(id);
        return emp;
    }

     1、方法运行之前,先去查询Cache(缓存组件),按照cacheNames指定的名字获取;

         (CacheManager先获取相应的缓存),第一次获取缓存如果没有Cache组件会自动创建。

       2、去Cache中查找缓存的内容,使用一个key,默认就是方法的参数;

           key是按照某种策略生成的;默认是使用keyGenerator生成的,默认使用SimpleKeyGenerator生成key;

              SimpleKeyGenerator生成key的默认策略;

                       如果没有参数;key=new SimpleKey()

                       如果有一个参数:key=参数的值

                       如果有多个参数:key=new SimpleKey(params);

        3、没有查到缓存就调用目标方法;

       4、将目标方法返回的结果,放进缓存中

   

       @Cacheable标注的方法执行之前先来检查缓存中有没有这个数据,默认按照参数的值作为key去查询缓存,

       如果没有就运行方法并将结果放入缓存;以后再来调用就可以直接使用缓存中的数据;

    

        核心

           1)、使用CacheManager【ConcurrentMapCacheManager】按照名字得到Cache【ConcurrentMapCache】组件

          2)、key使用keyGenerator生成的,默认是SimpleKeyGenerator

    

    

        几个属性

           cacheNames/value:指定缓存组件的名字;将方法的返回结果放在哪个缓存中,是数组的方式,可以指定多个缓存;

    

          key:缓存数据使用的key;可以用它来指定。默认是使用方法参数的值  1-方法的返回值

                   编写SpEL #i d;参数id的值   #a0  #p0  #root.args[0]

                   getEmp[2]

    

           keyGenerator:key的生成器;可以自己指定key的生成器的组件id

                  key/keyGenerator:二选一使用;

    

    

           cacheManager:指定缓存管理器;或者cacheResolver指定获取解析器

    

           condition:指定符合条件的情况下才缓存;

                   ,condition = "#id>0"

              condition = "#a0>1":第一个参数的值》1的时候才进行缓存

    

           unless:否定缓存;当unless指定的条件为true,方法的返回值就不会被缓存;可以获取到结果进行判断

                   unless = "#result == null"

                   unless = "#a0==2":如果第一个参数的值是2,结果不缓存;

           sync:是否使用异步模式

      @param id

      @return

 


  @CachePut:
既调用方法,又更新缓存数据;同步更新缓存
  修改了数据库的某个数据,同时更新缓存;
  运行时机:
   1、先调用目标方法
  2、将目标方法的结果缓存起来
 
 测试步骤:
   1、查询1号员工;查到的结果会放在缓存中;
           key:1  value:lastName:张三
   2、以后查询还是之前的结果
   3、更新1号员工;【lastName:zhangsan;gender:0】
          将方法的返回值也放进缓存了;
          key:传入的employee对象  值:返回的employee对象;
   4、查询1号员工
       应该是更新后的员工;
           key = "#employee.id":使用传入的参数的员工id;
           key = "#result.id":使用返回后的id
             @Cacheable的key是不能用#result
 
@CachePut(/*value = "emp",*/key = "#result.id")
public Employee updateEmp(Employee employee){
    System.out.println("updateEmp:"+employee);
    employeeMapper.updateEmp(employee);
    return employee;
}
  @CacheEvict
缓存清除
   key:指定要清除的数据
  allEntries = true:指定清除这个缓存中所有的数据
  beforeInvocation = false:缓存的清除是否在方法之前执行
       默认代表缓存清除操作是在方法执行之后执行;如果出现异常缓存就不会清除
 
   beforeInvocation = true:
      代表清除缓存操作是在方法运行之前执行,无论方法是否出现异常,缓存都清除

 


@CacheEvict(value="emp",beforeInvocation = true/*key = "#id",*/)
public void deleteEmp(Integer id){
    System.out.println("deleteEmp:"+id);
    //employeeMapper.deleteEmpById(id);
    int i = 10/0;
}
@Caching
 定义复杂的缓存规则
同时按不同规格生成缓存

@Caching(
     cacheable = {
         @Cacheable(/*value="emp",*/key = "#lastName")
     },
     put = {
         @CachePut(/*value="emp",*/key = "#result.id"),
         @CachePut(/*value="emp",*/key = "#result.email")
     }
)
public Employee getEmpByLastName(String lastName){
    return employeeMapper.getEmpByLastName(lastName);
}

 

源码

数据库 使用mysql 

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for department
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `department`;
CREATE TABLE `department` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `departmentName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for employee
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employee`;
CREATE TABLE `employee` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `lastName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `gender` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

 

 主程序

 Springboot01CacheApplication类
@MapperScan("com.cws.cache.mapper")//mapper包位置
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class Springboot01CacheApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Springboot01CacheApplication.class, args);
	}
}

bean 类

package com.cws.cache.bean;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Employee implements Serializable {
	
	private Integer id;
	private String lastName;
	private String email;
	private Integer gender; //性别 1男  0女
	private Integer dId;
	
	
	public Employee() {
		super();
	}

	
	public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender, Integer dId) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.lastName = lastName;
		this.email = email;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.dId = dId;
	}
	
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getLastName() {
		return lastName;
	}
	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
		this.lastName = lastName;
	}
	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}
	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}
	public Integer getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(Integer gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	public Integer getdId() {
		return dId;
	}
	public void setdId(Integer dId) {
		this.dId = dId;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Employee [id=" + id + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email=" + email + ", gender=" + gender + ", dId="
				+ dId + "]";
	}
	
	

}

 

mpper

package com.cws.cache.mapper;

import com.cws.cache.bean.Employee;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

@Mapper
public interface EmployeeMapper {

    @Select("SELECT * FROM employee WHERE id = #{id}")
    public Employee getEmpById(Integer id);

    @Update("UPDATE employee SET lastName=#{lastName},email=#{email},gender=#{gender},d_id=#{dId} WHERE id=#{id}")
    public void updateEmp(Employee employee);

    @Delete("DELETE FROM employee WHERE id=#{id}")
    public void deleteEmpById(Integer id);

    @Insert("INSERT INTO employee(lastName,email,gender,d_id) VALUES(#{lastName},#{email},#{gender},#{dId})")
    public void insertEmployee(Employee employee);

    @Select("SELECT * FROM employee WHERE lastName = #{lastName}")
    Employee getEmpByLastName(String lastName);
}

 

service

package com.cws.cache.service;

import com.cws.cache.bean.Employee;
import com.cws.cache.mapper.EmployeeMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@CacheConfig(cacheNames="emp"/*,cacheManager = "employeeCacheManager"*/) //抽取缓存的公共配置
@Service
public class EmployeeService {

    @Autowired
    EmployeeMapper employeeMapper;

  
    @Cacheable(value = {"emp"}/*,keyGenerator = "myKeyGenerator",condition = "#a0>1",unless = "#a0==2"*/)
    public Employee getEmp(Integer id){
        System.out.println("查询"+id+"号员工");
        Employee emp = employeeMapper.getEmpById(id);
        return emp;
    }

  
    @CachePut(/*value = "emp",*/key = "#result.id")
    public Employee updateEmp(Employee employee){
        System.out.println("updateEmp:"+employee);
        employeeMapper.updateEmp(employee);
        return employee;
    }

    @Caching(
         cacheable = {
             @Cacheable(/*value="emp",*/key = "#lastName")
         },
         put = {
             @CachePut(/*value="emp",*/key = "#result.id"),
             @CachePut(/*value="emp",*/key = "#result.email")
         }
    )
    public Employee getEmpByLastName(String lastName){
        return employeeMapper.getEmpByLastName(lastName);
    }




}

controller

package com.cws.cache.controller;

import com.cws.cache.bean.Employee;
import com.cws.cache.service.EmployeeService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class EmployeeController {

    @Autowired
    EmployeeService employeeService;

    @GetMapping("/emp/{id}")
    public Employee getEmployee(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        Employee employee = employeeService.getEmp(id);
        return employee;
    }

    @GetMapping("/emp")
    public Employee update(Employee employee){
        Employee emp = employeeService.updateEmp(employee);

        return emp;
    }

    @GetMapping("/delemp")
    public String deleteEmp(Integer id){
        employeeService.deleteEmp(id);
        return "success";
    }

    @GetMapping("/emp/lastname/{lastName}")
    public Employee getEmpByLastName(@PathVariable("lastName") String lastName){
       return employeeService.getEmpByLastName(lastName);
    }

}

 

 

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