Beginning Spring学习笔记——第7章 使用Spring进行测试驱动开发

配置和缓存ApplicationContext

---

测试中使用基于XML和Java的上下文配置

首先创建maven项目，依赖配置如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.lonelyquantum.springbeginning.wileybookch4groupId>
  <artifactId>JDBCTestartifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
  <packaging>jarpackaging>

  <name>JDBCTestname>
  <url>http://maven.apache.orgurl>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <spring.version>4.3.10.RELEASEspring.version>
    <junit.version>4.12junit.version>
  properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junitgroupId>
      <artifactId>junitartifactId>
      <version>${junit.version}version>
      <scope>testscope>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>
  dependencies>
project>

在src/main/java下创建com.wiley.beginningspring.ch7包，创建第二章创建的一系列类和接口。
Account类：

public class Account {
    private long id;
    private String ownerName;
    private double balance;
    private Date accessTime;
    private boolean locked;
    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getOwnerName() {
        return ownerName;
    }
    public void setOwnerName(String ownerName) {
        this.ownerName = ownerName;
    }
    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }
    public void setBalance(double balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }
    public Date getAccessTime() {
        return accessTime;
    }
    public void setAccessTime(Date accessTime) {
        this.accessTime = accessTime;
    }
    public boolean isLocked() {
        return locked;
    }
    public void setLocked(boolean locked) `
        this.locked = locked;
    }
}

AccountDao接口和其实现类AccountDaoInMemoryImpl：

public interface AccountDao {
    public void insert(Account account);
    public void update(Account account);
    public void update(List accounts);
    public void delete(long accountId);
    public Account find(long accountId);
    public List find(List accountIds);
    public List find(String ownerName);
    public List find(boolean locked);
}

public class AccountDaoInMemoryImpl implements AccountDao {

    private Map accountsMap = new HashMap<>();

    public void setAccountsMap(Map accountsMap) {
        this.accountsMap = accountsMap;
    }

    {
        Account account1 = new Account();
        account1.setId(1L);
        account1.setOwnerName("John");
        account1.setBalance(10.0);

        Account account2 = new Account();
        account2.setId(2L);
        account2.setOwnerName("Mary");
        account2.setBalance(20.0);

        accountsMap.put(account1.getId(), account1);
        accountsMap.put(account2.getId(), account2);

    }

    @Override
    public void insert(Account account) {
        accountsMap.put(account.getId(), account);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Account account) {
        accountsMap.put(account.getId(), account);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(List accounts) {
        for(Account account:accounts) {
            update(account);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(long accountId) {
        accountsMap.remove(accountId);
    }

    @Override
    public Account find(long accountId) {
        return accountsMap.get(accountId);
    }

    @Override
    public List find(List accountIds) {
        List accounts = new ArrayList<>();
        for(Long id:accountIds) {
            accounts.add(accountsMap.get(id));
        }
        return accounts;
    }

    @Override
    public List find(String ownerName) {
        List accounts = new ArrayList<>();
        for(Account account:accountsMap.values()) {
            if(ownerName.equals(account.getOwnerName())) {
                accounts.add(account);
            }
        }
        return accounts;
    }

    @Override
    public List find(boolean locked) {
        List accounts = new ArrayList<>();
        for(Account account:accountsMap.values()) {
            if(locked == account.isLocked()) {
                accounts.add(account);
            }
        }
        return accounts;
    }

}

AccountService接口和其实现类AccountServiceImpl。

public interface AccountService {
    public void transferMoney(long sourceAccountId, long targetAccountId, double amount);
    public void depositMoney(long accountId, double amount) throws Exception;
    public Account getAccount(long accountId);
}

public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void transferMoney(long sourceAccountId, long targetAccountId, double amount) {
        Account sourceAccount = accountDao.find(sourceAccountId);
        Account targetAccount = accountDao.find(targetAccountId);
        sourceAccount.setBalance(sourceAccount.getBalance() - amount);
        targetAccount.setBalance(targetAccount.getBalance() + amount);
        accountDao.update(sourceAccount);
        accountDao.update(targetAccount);
    }

    @Override
    public void depositMoney(long accountId, double amount) throws Exception {
        Account account = accountDao.find(accountId);
        account.setBalance(account.getBalance() + amount);
        accountDao.update(account);
    }

    @Override
    public Account getAccount(long accountId) {
        return accountDao.find(accountId);
    }   
}

采用XML配置时，在src/main/resource下创建applicationContext.xml Bean配置文件。

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="accountService" class="com.wiley.beginningspring.ch7.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao" />
    bean>

    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.wiley.beginningspring.ch7.AccountDaoInMemoryImpl"/>

beans>

此时在src/test/java文件夹中创建com.wiley.beginningspring.ch7包并创建测试XML配置的测试类AccountIntegrationTests。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/applicationContext.xml")
public class AccountIntegrationTests {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void accountServiceShouldBeInjected() {
        Assert.assertNotNull(accountService);
    }
}

作为JUnit测试运行通过，说明配置成功。
此外，还可以使用Java文件配置，此时不需要创建以上XML文件，而是在类包内创建配置类Ch7Configuration。

@Configuration
public class Ch7Configuration {
    @Bean
    public AccountService accountService() {
        AccountServiceImpl bean = new AccountServiceImpl();
        bean.setAccountDao(accountDao());
        return bean;
    }

    @Bean
    public AccountDao accountDao() {
        AccountDaoInMemoryImpl bean = new AccountDaoInMemoryImpl();
        //depedencies of accountDao bean will be injected here...
        return bean;
    }
}

此时在测试包中创建的文件变为：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes={Ch7Configuration.class})
public class AccountIntegrationTestsWithJavaConfig {
    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void accountServiceShouldBeInjected() {
        Assert.assertNotNull(accountService);
    }
}

当然，也可以两种配置一起使用，此时测试类变为：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes={Ch7Configuration.class,Config.class})
public class AccountIntegrationTestsWithMixedConfig {

    @Configuration
    @ImportResource("classpath:/applicationContext.xml")
    static class Config {
    }


    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void accountServiceShouldBeInjected() {
        Assert.assertNotNull(accountService);
    }
}

此外还可以使用ApplicationContextInitializer来配置上下文，这时，先在一个TestInitializer类中完成配置文件的导入和上下文的预初始化：

public class TestInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericApplicationContext> {

    @Override
    public void initialize(GenericApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(applicationContext);
        reader.loadBeanDefinitions("classpath:/applicationContext.xml");
    }

}

然后再利用该上下文进行测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(initializers={TestInitializer.class})
public class AccountIntegrationTestsWithInitializer {
    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void accountServiceShouldBeInjected() {
        Assert.assertNotNull(accountService);
    }
}

以上测试目录结构为：

继承上下文配置

继承于中间类或者基础类的类可以继承测试相关配置。
先展示目录结构：

首先创建如下两个类：

public class Bar {

}

public class Foo {

}

然后创建基础类的配置文件baseContext.xml。

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="foo" class="com.wiley.beginningspring.ch7.Foo"/>

beans>

接着创建子配置文件。

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="bar" class="com.wiley.beginningspring.ch7.Bar"/>

beans>

然后创建基础测试类和孩子测试类：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:/baseContext.xml")
public class BaseTest {
    @Autowired
    protected Foo foo;
}

@ContextConfiguration("classpath:/subContext.xml")
public class ChildTest extends BaseTest {
    @Autowired
    private Bar bar;

    @Test
    public void dependenciesShouldBeAvailable() {
        Assert.assertNotNull(foo);
        Assert.assertNotNull(bar);
    }
}

运行孩子测试类通过，说明孩子测试类继承了基础测试类的配置文件。

ApplicationContext缓存

如果多个测试类指定了完全相同的XML位置和配置类，那么Spring TestContext Framework将只创建一次ApplicatoinContext实例，并在运行这些测试类之间共享该实例。
缓存被保存再一个静态变量中。

注入测试夹具的依赖项

---

项目目录结构如下：

首先创建如下两个类：

public class Bar {

}

public class Foo {

}

然后创建测试类：

@Configuration
public class Ch7ConfigurationForDependencyInjection {
    @Bean
    public Foo foo1() {
        return new Foo();
    }

    @Bean
    public Foo foo2() {
        return new Foo();
    }

    @Bean
    public Bar bar1() {
        return new Bar();
    }
}

最后创建测试类：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=Ch7ConfigurationForDependencyInjection.class)
public class DependencyInjectionTests {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("foo1")
    private Foo foo1;

    @Resource
    private Foo foo2;

    @Resource
    private Bar bar;

    @Test
    public void testInjections() {
        Assert.assertNotNull(foo1);
        Assert.assertNotNull(foo2);
        Assert.assertNotNull(bar);
    }

}

运行通过测试，可见配置类中的依赖被成功注入到测试类中。

在测试中使用事务管理

---

在测试方法或者测试类级别使用@Transactional注解即可作为事务测试，通常测试后会进行回滚操作，如果不想回滚而是想提交事务，则需要另外设置不回滚。

@Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(false)
public void transactionalTestMethod(){
}

此外，使用ORM框架，如Hibernate或JPA时，要在测试方法结束时刷新当前Hibernate Session或者JPA EntityManager，否则由于测试结束后进行回滚，其上累积的持久化操作不会提交，SQL操作不会执行，导致无法检查由数据库交互失败的错误。

测试Web应用程序

---

此时需要支持web的依赖文件：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.lonelyquantum.springbeginning.wileybookch4groupId>
  <artifactId>JDBCTestartifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
  <packaging>jarpackaging>

  <name>JDBCTestname>
  <url>http://maven.apache.orgurl>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <spring.version>4.3.10.RELEASEspring.version>
    <junit.version>4.12junit.version>
    <javax.servlet.version>3.1.0javax.servlet.version>
  properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junitgroupId>
      <artifactId>junitartifactId>
      <version>${junit.version}version>
      <scope>testscope>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
        <version>${javax.servlet.version}version>
    dependency>
  dependencies>
project>

测试的目录结构为：

首先创建空的XML配置文件applicationContext.xml：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

beans>

然后创建如下测类：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/applicationContext.xml")
@WebAppConfiguration
public class WebApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Autowired
    private MockServletContext servletContext;

    @Autowired
    private MockHttpServletRequest httpServletRequest;

    @Autowired
    private MockHttpServletResponse httpServletResponse;

    @Test
    public void testWebApp() {
        Assert.assertNotNull(applicationContext);
        Assert.assertNotNull(servletContext);

        Assert.assertNotNull(httpServletRequest);
        Assert.assertNotNull(httpServletResponse);
    }

}

注意到类上使用了@WebAppConfiguration表示为Web项目。运行测试成功通过。

测试Request和Session作用域的Bean

---

依赖文件不变，目录结构如下：

首先创建如下三个类：

public class LoginAction {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

public class UserPreferences {
    private String theme;

    public String getTheme() {
        return theme;
    }

    public void setTheme(String theme) {
        this.theme = theme;
    }
}

public class UserService {
    private LoginAction loginAction;
    private UserPreferences userPreferences;
    public LoginAction getLoginAction() {
        return loginAction;
    }
    public void setLoginAction(LoginAction loginAction) {
        this.loginAction = loginAction;
    }
    public UserPreferences getUserPreferences() {
        return userPreferences;
    }
    public void setUserPreferences(UserPreferences userPreferences) {
        this.userPreferences = userPreferences;
    }
}

用户操作和用户偏好为两个域类，而用户服务类中设置这两个域类实例。
在配置文件applicationContext.xml中用SpEL定义了他们的Bean并注入了依赖：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="loginAction" class="com.wiley.beginningspring.ch7.LoginAction" scope="request">
        <property name="username" value="#{request.getParameter('username')}"/>
        <property name="password" value="#{request.getParameter('password')}"/>
        <aop:scoped-proxy/>
    bean>

    <bean id="userPreferences" class="com.wiley.beginningspring.ch7.UserPreferences" scope="session">
        <property name="theme" value="#{session.getAttribute('theme')}"/>
        <aop:scoped-proxy/>
    bean>

    <bean id="userService" class="com.wiley.beginningspring.ch7.UserService">
        <property name="loginAction" ref="loginAction"/>
        <property name="userPreferences" ref="userPreferences"/>
    bean>
beans>

然后子测试类中验证了注入的依赖：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:/applicationContext.xml")
public class ScopedBeanTests {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private MockHttpServletRequest httpServletRequest;

    @Autowired
    private MockHttpSession httpSession;

    @Test
    public void testScopedBeans() {
        httpServletRequest.setParameter("username", "jdoe");
        httpServletRequest.setParameter("password", "secret");

        httpSession.setAttribute("theme", "blue");

        Assert.assertEquals("jdoe",userService.getLoginAction().getUsername());
        Assert.assertEquals("secret", userService.getLoginAction().getPassword());
        Assert.assertEquals("blue", httpSession.getAttribute("theme"));
    }
}

测试Spring MVC项目

---

该项目需要的maven依赖如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.springframework.samples.service.servicegroupId>
  <artifactId>SpringAOPTestartifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
  <packaging>warpackaging>

    <properties>

        
        <java.version>1.6java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8project.reporting.outputEncoding>

        
        <jsp.version>2.3.1jsp.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2jstl.version>
        <servlet.version>3.1.0servlet.version>


        
        <spring-framework.version>4.3.10.RELEASEspring-framework.version>

        
        <hibernate.version>5.2.10.Finalhibernate.version>

        
        <logback.version>1.2.3logback.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.25slf4j.version>

        
        <junit.version>4.12junit.version>

        
        <aspectj.version>1.8.10aspectj.version>

        
        <jackson.version>2.9.0jackson.version>

        
        <hibernate-validator.version>6.0.2.Finalhibernate-validator.version>
        <javax-validation.version>2.0.0.Finaljavax-validation.version>


    properties>

    <dependencies>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
            <artifactId>jstlartifactId>
            <version>${jstl.version}version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
            <version>${servlet.version}version>
            <scope>providedscope>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-apiartifactId>
            <version>${jsp.version}version>
            <scope>providedscope>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-txartifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aopartifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-coreartifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beansartifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}version>
            <scope>compilescope>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classicartifactId>
            <version>${logback.version}version>
            <scope>runtimescope>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernategroupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanagerartifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}version>
        dependency>


        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}version>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junitgroupId>
            <artifactId>junitartifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}version>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId>
            <version>${aspectj.version}version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-coreartifactId>
            <version>${jackson.version}version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databindartifactId>
            <version>${jackson.version}version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernategroupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validatorartifactId>
            <version>${hibernate-validator.version}version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.validationgroupId>
            <artifactId>validation-apiartifactId>
            <version>${javax-validation.version}version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hamcrestgroupId>
            <artifactId>hamcrest-allartifactId>
            <version>1.3version>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.elgroupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-apiartifactId>
            <version>3.0.0version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfishgroupId>
            <artifactId>javax.elartifactId>
            <version>3.0.0version>
        dependency>
    <dependencies>  
project>

项目目录结构如下：

首先创建项目所需要的User和simpleUser域类。

public class User {

    @Size(min=3, max=20)
    String username;
    @Email
    String email;
    @CreditCardNumber
    String ccNumber;
    @Pattern(regexp = "^[a-zA-Z]\\w{3,14}$")
    String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getCcNumber() {
        return ccNumber;
    }

    public void setCcNumber(String ccNumber) {
        this.ccNumber = ccNumber;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

public class SimpleUser {

    private String name;
    private String lastName;

    public SimpleUser() {
    }

    public SimpleUser(String name, String lastName) {
        this.name = name;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
}

然后创造查找失败抛出的异常类。

public class UserNotFoundException extends Exception {

    public UserNotFoundException(String name) {
        super("User not found with name: " + name);
    }
}

然后创建一个简单的控制器。

@Controller
public class HelloReaderController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
    public ModelAndView sayHello() {
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("message", "Hello Reader!");
        mv.setViewName("helloReader");

        return mv;
    }
}

为方便测试，创建一个加载上下文的基类，之后的所有测试类都继承该类从而继承上下文配置。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration("file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml")
public abstract class BaseControllerTests {
}

其中上下文配置文件如下。

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lonelyquantum.wileybookch7" />
    <context:annotation-config />
    <mvc:annotation-driven validator="validator" />

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    bean>

    <bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean" />
beans>

创建测试简单控制器的测试类。

public class HelloReaderControllerTests extends BaseControllerTests {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void helloReaderControllerWorksOk() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/hello"))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(model().attribute("message", "Hello Reader!"))
                .andExpect(view().name("helloReader"));
    }

    @Test
    public void helloReaderControllerWorksOkWithAnUnmappedUrl() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(post("/helloMyLove"))
                .andExpect(status().isNotFound());
    }
}

测试中使用MockMvc类来进行控制器测试。可以看见该类可以发送http请求并测试返回值是否符合预期。测试通过。
然后创建表单提交控制类。

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/result")
    public ModelAndView processUser(@Valid User user, BindingResult result) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("u", user);

        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            modelAndView.setViewName("userForm");
        }
        else {
            modelAndView.setViewName("userResult");
        }

        return modelAndView;
    }
}

和它的测试类。

public class UserControllerTests extends BaseControllerTests {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void formSubmittedSuccessfully() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(
                post("/result")
                        .param("username", "johndoe")
                        .param("email", "[email protected]")
                        .param("ccNumber", "5245771326014172")
                        .param("password", "TestR0ck"))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(view().name("userResult"))
                .andExpect(model().hasNoErrors())
                .andExpect(model().attribute("u", hasProperty("username", is("johndoe"))))
                .andExpect(model().attribute("u", hasProperty("email", is("[email protected]"))))
                .andExpect(model().attribute("u", hasProperty("ccNumber", is("5245771326014172"))))
                .andExpect(model().attribute("u", hasProperty("password", is("TestR0ck"))));
    }

    @Test
    public void formSubmittedSuccessfullyButContainsValidationErrors() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(
                post("/result")
                        .param("username", "ok"))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(view().name("userForm"))
                .andExpect(model().hasErrors());
    }
}

该测试类中通过param加入了输入变量作为提交表单的内容，然后用同样的方法测试返回值。测试通过。
最后创建异常处理类。

@Controller
public class User2Controller {

    private Map users = new HashMap();

    @PostConstruct
    public void setup() {
        users.put("mert", new SimpleUser("Mert", "Caliskan"));
        users.put("kenan", new SimpleUser("Kenan", "Sevindik"));
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/findUser")
    public ModelAndView processUser(String name) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        SimpleUser user = users.get(name);

        if (user == null) {
            throw new UserNotFoundException(name);
        }
        modelAndView.addObject("u", user);
        modelAndView.setViewName("userResult");

        return modelAndView;
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotFoundException.class)
    public ModelAndView handleException(UserNotFoundException e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("errorUser");
        modelAndView.addObject("errorMessage", e.getMessage());
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

和它的测试类。

public class User2ControllerTests extends BaseControllerTests {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void userNotFoundExceptionHandledSuccessfully() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/findUser").param("name", "johndoe"))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(view().name("errorUser"))
                .andExpect(model().attribute("errorMessage", "User not found with name: johndoe"));
    }
}

测试通过。