Linux上静默安装Oracle

1.安装必须的包

以下依赖包可在系统盘（或U盘启动盘）的 Packages 文件夹中查找。

rpm -ivh mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh cpp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh binutils-devel-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh ksh-20120801-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh numactl-devel-2.0.7-8.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.x86_64.rpm

//glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm
//glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm
//glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm
//glibc-utils-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm

    //nss-softokn-3.14.3-9.el6.i686.rpm
    //nss-softokn-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpm
    //nss-softokn-freebl-devel-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpm nss-softokn-freebl-3.14.3-9.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.i686.rpm

rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm

2.缺省包的安装

以下安装包需自行下载后安装

 pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm

注意：

如果出现如下错误
    warning: pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 73307de6: NOKEY
    error: Failed dependencies:
            pdksh conflicts with ksh-20120801-28.el6_7.3.x86_64
解决办法:
    rpm -e ksh-20120801-10.el6.x86_64
    rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm

///////////////////////////以下为root用户操作/////////////////

3.创建用户和组

创建用户，输入命令：

# groupadd oinstall 
# groupadd dba 

创建Oracle用户和密码,输入命令：

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle 
# passwd oracle

（将用户添加到已有组：gpasswd -a 用户名 组名）
（groups oracle: 查看 oracle 用户所在的组,以及组内成员）

4.修改hosts文件

输入命令：

vi /etc/hosts  

在 127.0.0.1 行后面 添加你的主机名称（hostname）
在 ::1 行后面 添加你的主机名称（hostname）
例：

    vim /etc/hosts

    127.0.0.1   localhost fdkj
    ::1         localhost fdkj

    有人还加上最后一行的ip设置（我没加）

    /etc/sysconfig/network中的hostname要与/etc/hosts中的一致
    vim /etc/sysconfig/network
    NETWORKING=yes
    HOSTNAME=
    GATEWAY=192.168.137.1
    NTPSERVERARGS=iburst

5.设置内核参数

编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

在打开的文件底部添加下面内容

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

改变当前系统内核参数值（让/etc/sysctl.conf立即生效）

# sysctl -p

6.设置PAM资源限制

修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

在打开的文件底部添加下面内容

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

//////////////////////////以下为oracle用户操作//////////////////

7.创建oracle11g安装目录

//#mkdir /home/oracle/product/
//#mkdir /home/oracle/product/11.2.0/
//#mkdir /home/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/

# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/

#mkdir /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/
#mkdir /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/
#mkdir /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/
# chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/

# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory/
# chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory/

//////////////////////////以下为oracle用户操作//////////////////

8.编辑 /etc/profile

编辑 /home/oracle/.bash_profile

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

在打开的文件中添加下面内容

umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_HOME_LISTENER
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID

执行source命令立即生效：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

编辑 /etc/pam.d/login

vim /etc/pam.d/login

在打开的文件中添加下面内容(root用户)

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

编辑 /etc/profile(root用户)

vim /etc/profile

在打开的文件中添加下面内容

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
      ulimit -p 16384
      ulimit -n 65536
   else
      ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
   fi
fi

执行source命令立即生效：

[root@localhost oracle]# source /etc/profile

9.更改目录属主为Oracle用户所有

  chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app

10.安装

# cd /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip 
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database 

11.备份应答文件

[oracle@localhost response]$ pwd
/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response
[oracle@localhost response]$ mkdir rspbak
[oracle@localhost response]$ ls
dbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  netca.rsp  rspbak
[oracle@localhost response]$ cp *.rsp ./rspbak/

12.删除应答文件中的注释行(以#开头)

vi编辑替换或者直接使用sed命令快速替换

$ sed -i 's/^#.*$//g' *.rsp

13.刪除沒有內容的空行(^$)

vi编辑替换或者直接使用sed命令快速替换

$ sed -i '/^$/d' *.rsp

14.配置db_install.rsp

http://www.cnblogs.com/ylqmf/archive/2012/04/16/2451211.html
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/128778.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/xiaoqiaoi5685/article/details/51831439
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/2076706893515870868.html
http://blog.csdn.net/yinzhipeng123/article/details/53141950

以下为 db_install.rsp 的配置：

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=123456
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=

15.

[oracle@localhost database]$ pwd
/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -responseFile /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/db_install.rsp 

备注：[WARNING] 是需要安装一些i386/i686 的包。查看log安装即可

控制台直到出现以下提示则表示安装完成:

#-------------------------------------------------------------------
...

/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

To execute the configuration scripts:

         1. Open a terminal window 

         2. Log in as "root" 

         3. Run the scripts 

         4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 


Successfully Setup Software.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------

16.运行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh

(1)若本机第一次安装oracle软件, 则执行orainstRoot.sh来建立oraInst.loc文件和修改权限:

[oracle@localhost oraInventory]$ pwd
/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory
[oracle@localhost oraInventory]$ ./orainstRoot.sh 

必须以 root 身份执行此脚本

[oracle@localhost oraInventory]$ su root
密码：
[root@localhost oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh 
更改权限/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory.
添加组的读取和写入权限。
删除全局的读取, 写入和执行权限。

更改组名/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory 到 oinstall.
脚本的执行已完成。

(2)执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh来建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示则一直回车:

[root@localhost dbhome_1]# pwd
/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@localhost dbhome_1]# ./root.sh 
Check /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2017-01-25_16-46-49.log for the output of root script

17.添加oracle环境变量

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /.bash_profile

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

立即生效：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

Sqlplus测试

$ sqlplus /nolog

18.静默配置监听

[oracle@localhost ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/netca.rsp

19.静默安装数据库

http://blog.csdn.net/yinzhipeng123/article/details/53144589

（1）修改响应文件模板

[oracle@localhost response]$ pwd
/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response
[oracle@localhost response]$ vim dbca.rsp

  [GENERAL]
  RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
  OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
  [CREATEDATABASE]
  GDBNAME = "orcl"
  SID = "orcl"
  TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
  CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8"
  NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8"
  SYSPASSWORD="123456"
  SYSTEMPASSWORD="123456"

（2）

  [oracle@localhost response]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/dbca.rsp

20.测试

(1)建库后监听检查

$ lsnrctl status

...

Services Summary...

Service "ORCL.LK" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCLXDB.LK" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

实例应该被动态注册到监听程序了. 如果未被动态注册到监听程序, 则可以手工注册:

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 16 11:11:46 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,

Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

SQL> alter system register;

(2) 改为归档模式并重启

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> alter database flashback on; (如果要启用数据库闪回功能则执行)

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial(); (重新编译所有可能失效对象)

SQL> alter system archive log current; (手工归档测试)

到此建库完毕!

21.创建实例用户

在oracle用户下操作（样例）：

在sqlplus / as sysdba下执行以下命令
（1）create user ucrcdb identified by ucrcdb; （创建用户名和密码都是ucrcdb）
（2）（给用户ucrcdb授权）
    grant create any sequence to ucrcdb;
    grant connect,resource to ucrcdb;
    grant CREATE DATABASE LINK to ucrcdb;
    grant CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK to ucrcdb;
    grant CREATE SESSION to ucrcdb;

    最后 sqlplus ucrcdb/ucrcdb@ucrc 登录成功

参考：

http://www.cnblogs.com/ylqmf/archive/2012/04/16/2451211.html
http://www.2cto.com/database/201307/229218.html
http://blog.csdn.net/tongzidane/article/details/43852705
http://blog.csdn.net/xiaoqiaoi5685/article/details/51831439
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/128778.htm