英语单词常见后缀词性

1. 名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis，做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor

2)-acy, 表示/性质，状态，境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy

3)-ance, -ence表示/性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience

4)-ancy, -ency, 表示/性质，状态，行为，过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency

5)-bility, 表示/动作，性质，状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility

6)-dom, 表示/等级，领域，状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom

7)-hood, 表示/资格，身份，年纪，状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood

8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示/行为的过程，结果，状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

9)-ism, 表示/制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

10)-ity, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity

11)-ment, 表示/行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

12)-ness, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

13)-ship, 表示/情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业/ hardship, membership, friendship

14)-th, 表示/动作，性质，过程，状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

15)-tude, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)

16)-ure, 表示/行为，结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)

17)-grapy, 表示/……学，写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography

18)-ic, ics, 表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics

19)-ology, 表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)

20)-nomy, 表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)

 

2. 形容词后缀
1)-able, -ible, 如visible, flexible

2)名词-ish, 如foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)

3)-ive, 如active, sensitive, productive

4)-like,如 manlike, childlike

5)名词-ly, 如manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

6)-some, 如troublesome, handsome

7)-ful, 如beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

8)-ous, 如dangerous, generous, courageous, various

9)-ent, 如violent

10)-most,如 foremost, topmost

11)-less, 表示否定 countless, stainless, wireless

 

3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示/做成，变成，……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2)-en, 表示/使成为，引起，使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3)-fy, 表示/使……化，使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示/使，令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate, 表示/成为……，处理，作用/ separate, operate, indicate

 

4. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地,恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地

-wise(OE)：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地

-wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地

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