基础创建数据库 创建之前判断该数据库是否存在
if exists (select * from sysdatabases
where name='databaseName')
drop database databaseName
go
Create
DATABASE database-name删除数据库 drop database dbname备份sql ser er --- 创建 备份数据的 de
ice
USE master
EXEC sp_addumpde ice 'disk', 'testBack',
'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat'
--- 开始 备份
BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO
testBack创建新表 create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null]
[primary key],col2 type2 [not
null],..)
根据已有的表创建新表:
A:create table tab_new like tab_old
(使用旧表创建新表)
B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old
definition only创建序列 create sequence SIMON_SEQUENCE
min alue 1 -- 最小值
max alue 999999999999999999999999999 最大值
start with 1
开始值
increment by 1 每次加几
cache 20;删除新表 drop table tabname增加一个列 Alter
table tabname add column col type
注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加
archar类型的长度。添加主键 Alter table tabname add primary key(col)
说明:删除主键: Alter
table tabname drop primary key(col)创建索引 create [unique] index
idxname on tabname(col….)
删除索引:drop index idxname on
tabname
注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。创建视图 create iew iewname as select
statement
删除视图:drop iew iewname几个简单的基本的sql语句 选择:select * from table1 where
范围
插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) alues( alue1, alue2)
删除:delete
from table1 where 范围
更新:update table1 set field1= alue1 where
范围
查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’% alue1%’ (所有包含‘
alue1’这个模式的字符串)---like的语法很精妙,查资料!
排序:select * from table1 order by
field1,field2 [desc]
总数:select count(*) as totalcount from
table1
求和:select sum(field1) as sum alue from table1
平均:select a
g(field1) as a g alue from table1
最大:select max(field1) as max alue from
table1
最小:select min(field1) as min alue from
table1[separator]几个高级查询运算词 A: UNION 运算符
UNION
运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时(即
UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。
B: EXCEPT
运算符
EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随
EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL),不消除重复行。
C: INTERSECT 运算符
INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括
TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT
ALL),不消除重复行。
注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。使用外连接 A、left outer
join:
左外连接(左连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c,
b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
B:right outer
join:
右外连接(右连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。
C:full outer
join:
全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。
[编辑本段]
提升复制表 (只复制结构,源表名:a
新表名:b) (Access可用)
法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1
法二:select
top 0 * into b from a拷贝表 (拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b) (Access可用)
insert into b(a,
b, c) select d,e,f from b;跨数据库之间表的拷贝 (具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)
insert into
b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件
例子:..from b in
'"&Ser er.MapPath("."&"\data.mdb" &"' where..子查询 (表名1:a
表名2:b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b 或者: select a,b,c
from a where a IN (1,2,3)显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间 select a.title,a.username,b.adddate
from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title)
b外连接查询 (表名1:a 表名2:b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT
JOIN b ON a.a = b.c在线视图查询 (表名1:a
select * from (Select a,b,c FROM a) T
where t.a > 1;between的用法 between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select *
from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1
where a not between 数值1 and 数值2in 的使用方法 select * from table1 where a
[not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息 两张关联表delete from
table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where
table1.field1=table2.field1四表联查问题 select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b
right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where
.....日程安排提前五分钟提醒 SQL: select * from 日程安排 where
datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页 select top 10 b.* from
(select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 =
a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段前10条记录 select top 10 * form table1 where
范围选择排名 选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)
select
a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where
tb.b=ta.b)派生结果表 包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC
中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA except (select a from tableB)
except (select a from tableC)随机取出10条数据 select top 10 * from tablename order by
newid()随机选择记录 select newid()删除重复记录 Delete from tablename where id not in
(select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)列出数据库里所有的表名 select name
from sysobjects where type='U'列出表里的所有的 select name from syscolumns where
id=object_id('TableName')列示排列 列示type、
ender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select 中的case。
select type,sum(case
ender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case ender when 'C' then pcs else 0
end),sum(case ender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by
type
显示结果:
type ender pcs
电脑 A 1
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘
A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3初始化表table1 TRUNCATE TABLE table1选择从10到15的记录 select
top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id
desc数据类型转换 declare @numid int
declare @id archar(50)
set
@numid=2005
set @id=con ert( archar,@numid)
通过上述语句完成数据类型Int转换成
archar,其他转换类似,可参看con ert函数
[编辑本段]
技巧1=1,1=2的使用 在SQL语句组合时用的较多
“where
1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选,
如:
if @strWhere !='
begin
set
@strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']
where ' + @strWhere
end
else
begin
set @strSQL = 'select
count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName +
']'
end
我们可以直接写成
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total
from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 and '+
@strWhere收缩数据库 --重建索引
DBCC REINDEX
DBCC
INDEXDEFRAG
--收缩数据和日志
DBCC SHRINKDB
DBCC SHRINKFILE压缩数据库 dbcc
shrinkdatabase(dbname)
转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限
exec sp_change_users_login
'update_one','newname','oldname'
go检查备份集 RESTORE ERIFYONLY from disk='E:\\d
bbs.bak'修复数据库 Alter DATABASE [d bbs] SET
SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB('d bbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH
TABLOCK
GO
Alter DATABASE [d bbs] SET
MULTI_USER
GO日志清除 SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName
sysname,
@MaxMinutes INT,
@NewSize INT
USE tablename --
要操作的数据库名
Select @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', --
日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
@NewSize
= 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)
-- Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize
int
Select @OriginalSize = size
FROM sysfiles
Where name =
@LogicalFileName
Select 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is '
+
CON ERT( ARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' +
CON ERT(
ARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
Where name =
@LogicalFileName
Create TABLE DummyTrans
(DummyColumn char (8000) not
null)
DECLARE @Counter INT,
@StartTime DATETIME,
@TruncLog
ARCHAR(255)
Select @StartTime = GETDATE(),
@TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' +
db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'
DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName,
@NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE
@MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not
expired
AND @OriginalSize = (Select size FROM sysfiles Where name =
@LogicalFileName)
AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize
BEGIN --
Outer loop.
Select @Counter = 0
WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize /
16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
BEGIN -- update
Insert DummyTrans ALUES
('Fill Log')
Delete DummyTrans
Select @Counter = @Counter +
1
END
EXEC (@TruncLog)
END
Select 'Final Size of ' +
db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CON ERT( ARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or '
+
CON ERT( ARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
Where
name = @LogicalFileName
Drop TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT
OFF更改某个表 exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'存储更改全部表 Create PROCEDURE
dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as N ARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner
as N ARCHAR(128)
AS
DECLARE @Name as N ARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner
as N ARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName as N ARCHAR(128)
DECLARE curObject
CURSOR FOR
select 'Name' = name,
'Owner' = user_name(uid)
from
sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name
OPEN
curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name,
@Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
if
@Owner=@OldOwner
begin
set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' +
rtrim(@Name)
exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName,
@NewOwner
end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner
FETCH NEXT FROM
curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END
close curObject
deallocate
curObject
GOSQL SER ER中直接循环写入数据 declare @i int
set @i=1
while
@i<30
begin
insert into test (userid) alues(@i)
set
@i=@i+1
end