Mosquitto安装配置和使用指南

目录

0 MQTT协议

1 编译和安装

1.1 Download source code

1.2 安装

1.2.1 源码安装

1.2.2 二进制安装

1.3 启动运行

Systemd 启动

手动启动

2 配置

2.1安全配置

3 测试工具

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Mosquitto是一个开源的C实现的MQTT服务器和客户端。本文介绍Mosquitto在ubuntu18.04系统上的编译，安装，配置和使用。

0 MQTT协议

MQTT协议已经到了5.0版本,每个版本的协议内容可以如下获取:

 

MQTT 3.1.1

中文版 http://mqtt.p2hp.com/mqtt311

英文版 http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html

 

MQTT 5.0

中文版 http://mqtt.p2hp.com/mqtt-5-0

英文版https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/mqtt-v5.0.html

 

v3.1.1和v5.0之间的差异

https://github.com/Youjingyu/mqtt.github.io/wiki/v3.1.1%E5%92%8Cv5.0%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%AE%E5%BC%82

 

1 编译和安装

1.1 Download source code

http://mosquitto.org/download/

https://github.com/eclipse/mosquitto

libwebsockets: git clone https://libwebsockets.org/repo/libwebsockets

or git clone https://github.com/warmcat/libwebsockets.git

1.2 安装

1.2.1 源码安装

下载http://mosquitto.org/download/

下载解压：tar -xzvf mosquitto-1.6.9.tar.gz

直接在目录下运行:  cd  mosquitto-1.6.9; make即可

# Comment out to remove publishing of the $SYS topic hierarchy containing

# information about the broker state.

WITH_SYS_TREE:=yes

# Build with systemd support. If enabled, mosquitto will notify systemd after

# initialization. See README in service/systemd/ for more information.

WITH_SYSTEMD:=no

# Build with SRV lookup support.

WITH_SRV:=no

# Build with websockets support on the broker.

WITH_WEBSOCKETS:=no

# Use elliptic keys in broker

WITH_EC:=yes

# Build man page documentation by default.

WITH_DOCS:=yes

如果要修改编译选项， 例如要mosquitto支持websocket

可以修改config.mk，再make

要支持websocket,  编译时会报错：

mosquitto.c:49:12: fatal error: libwebsockets.h: No such file or directory

 #  include

这时因为缺少libwebsockets包，需要先安装libwebsockets:

git clone https://libwebsockets.org/repo/libwebsockets

 

1.2.2 二进制安装

源码安装太繁琐，可以直接二进制安装。

以Ubuntu18.04为例：

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:mosquitto-dev/mosquitto-ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install mosquitto

sudo apt-get install mosquitto-clients

 

1.3 启动运行

Binary：/usr/sbin/mosquito

Configuration file：/etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

Systemd file: /lib/systemd/system/mosquitto.service

 

Systemd 启动

安装完成后，运行命令systemctl status mosquitto，如果有以下输出，说明安装成功。

> systemctl status mosquitto

● mosquitto.service - Mosquitto MQTT v3.1/v3.1.1 Broker

   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mosquitto.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

   Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-04-20 13:25:31 CST; 4min 24s ago

     Docs: man:mosquitto.conf(5)

           man:mosquitto(8)

 Main PID: 4487 (mosquitto)

    Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)

   CGroup: /system.slice/mosquitto.service

           └─4487 /usr/sbin/mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

4月 20 13:25:31 robin systemd[1]: Starting Mosquitto MQTT v3.1/v3.1.1 Broker...

4月 20 13:25:31 robin systemd[1]: Started Mosquitto MQTT v3.1/v3.1.1 Broker

手动启动

mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf -d

 

-c：指定配置文件
-d：后台运行

2 配置

配置文件放在/etc/mosquitto/目录下。

可以运行： man 5 mosquitto.conf 查看完整的配置说明

配置参数有很多,本人已经翻译成中文, 可以从以下获取完整的中文翻译版本:

https://blog.csdn.net/lclfans1983/article/details/105670039

https://blog.csdn.net/lclfans1983/article/details/105670288

https://blog.csdn.net/lclfans1983/article/details/105680528

2.1安全配置

/etc/mosquitto/conf.d$ 创建 robot.conf

# 禁止匿名访问

allow_anonymous false

# 认证配置

password_file /etc/mosquitto/pwfile

# 权限配置

acl_file /etc/mosquitto/aclfile

创建密码文件

$ sudo touch /etc/mosquitto/pwfile

 

向密码文件添加用户

$ sudo mosquitto_passwd /etc/mosquitto/pwfile inspectRobot1

会让你输入两遍密码,  本例输入： foa123

$ sudo mosquitto_passwd -b /etc/mosquitto/pwfile usr1 usr1

$ sudo mosquitto_passwd -b /etc/mosquitto/pwfile usr2 usr2

 

 

创建权限配置文件

     sudo touch /etc/mosquitto/aclfile

添加以下内容

# usr1只能发布以test为前缀的主题,订阅以$SYS开头的主题即系统主题

user usr1

topic write test/#

topic read $SYS/#



# usr2只能订阅以test为前缀的主题

user usr2

topic read test/#

这时运行$ mosquitto_sub -h localhost -t "test/#" -i "client1" 会报以下错误

Connection error: Connection Refused: not authorised.

mosquitto_sub -h localhost -t "test/#" -u inspectRobot1 -P foa123 -i "client1"

mosquitto_pub -h localhost -t "test/abc" -u usr1 -P usr1 -i "client2" -m "How are you?"

 

3 测试工具

mosquitto_pub: 发布消息

mosquitto_sub：订阅消息

常用参数介绍：

参数	描述
-h	服务器主机，默认localhost
-t	指定主题
-u	用户名
-P	密码
-i	客户端id，唯一
-m	发布的消息内容

 

 

mosquitto_sub -h localhost -t "test/#" -u usr1 -P usr1 -i "client1"

mosquitto_sub -h localhost -t "test/#" -i "client1"

mosquitto_pub -h localhost -t "test/abc" -u usr2 -P usr12 -i "client3" -m "How are you?"

mosquitto_pub -h localhost -t "test/abc" -i "client3" -m "How are you?"

 

发布：

mosquitto_pub -h localhost -t "test/abc" -i "client3" -m "{\"header\":123, \"data\":{\"co\":0.002, \"o2\":23.0}}"

订阅结果为：

{"header":123, "data":{"co":0.002, "o2":23.0}}

 

Reference：

https://www.jianshu.com/p/9e3cb7042a2e