深入理解LayoutInflater

探究LayoutInflater的实现类##

在android程序员写代码的时候,很多时候会用到LayoutInflater来加载指定的布局:

LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService
       (Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
// 或者通过from(Context context)获取实例
LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);

inflater.inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root);

其实LayoutInflater是一个抽象类:

public abstract class LayoutInflater {
    ....
}

既然是抽象类,那么一定有它的实现,我们知道系统会在ContextImpl中将所有的系统service,注入到ServiceFetcher中,关于”LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE”有如下实现:

registerService(LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE, new ServiceFetcher() {
                public Object createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
                    return PolicyManager.makeNewLayoutInflater(ctx.getOuterContext());
 }});

可以看到这里实际上是调用了PolicyManager.makeNewLayoutInflater

// Policy的实现类
private static final String POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME =
       "com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy";

    private static final IPolicy sPolicy;

    static {
        try {
            // 通过反射构造Policy对象
            Class policyClass = Class.forName(POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME);
            sPolicy = (IPolicy)policyClass.newInstance();
        } 

        ....
}



// 该方法会返回一个PhoneWindow对象
public static Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
      return sPolicy.makeNewWindow(context);
}

public static LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {
        return sPolicy.makeNewLayoutInflater(context);
}

可以看到上面的PolicyManager中的所有操作实际上是一个代理,具体的都是交给Policy类处理,Policy实现了Ipolicy接口

public class Policy implements IPolicy {
    private static final String TAG = "PhonePolicy";

    private static final String[] preload_classes = {
       "com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneLayoutInflater",
        "com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow",
        "com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$1",
        "com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DialogMenuCallback",
        "com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView",
        "com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$PanelFeatureState",
        "com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$PanelFeatureState$SavedState",
   };
    static {
        // For performance reasons, preload some policy specific classes when
        // the policy gets loaded.
        for (String s : preload_classes) {
           try {
                Class.forName(s);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Could not preload class for phone policy: " + s);
            }
        }
    }
    // 创建PhoneWindow,也就是Activity中window的具体实现类
    public Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
        return new PhoneWindow(context);
    }
    //  可以看到LayoutInflater的具体实现类就是PhoneLayoutInflater
    public LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {
        return new PhoneLayoutInflater(context);
    }

    public WindowManagerPolicy makeNewWindowManager() {
        return new PhoneWindowManager();
    }

    public FallbackEventHandler makeNewFallbackEventHandler(Context context) {
       return new PhoneFallbackEventHandler(context);
    }
}

此时,我们知道LayoutInflater的实现类其实就是PhoneLayoutInflater,下面我们看看PhoneLayoutInflater的源码

public class PhoneLayoutInflater extends LayoutInflater {
    private static final String[] sClassPrefixList = {
        "android.widget.",
        "android.webkit.",
        "android.app."
    };

    ....
    @Override protected View onCreateView(String name, AttributeSet attrs) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        for (String prefix : sClassPrefixList) {
            try {
                // 核心代码就是调用LayoutInflater的createView方法,根据传入的控件名称name以及sClassPrefixList的构造对应的控件
                // 比如name是Button,则View就是android.widget.Button
                View view = createView(name, prefix, attrs);
                if (view != null) {
                    return view;
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            }
        }

        return super.onCreateView(name, attrs);
    }
   ....
}

具体看下LayoutInflater#createView方法:

// 根据完整路径的类名根据反射构造对应的控件对象
    public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
        // 从缓存中获取当前控件的构造方法
        Constructor constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
        Class clazz = null;

        try {
            // 如果缓存中没有,则获取当前控件全类名对应的Class,并且缓存其构造方法到sConstructorMap集合中
            if (constructor == null) {
                // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
                clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                        prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);

                if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
                    boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                    if (!allowed) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
                constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
                constructor.setAccessible(true);
                sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
            } else {
                ......
            }

            Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
            args[1] = attrs;
            // 通过反射构造当前view对象
            final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
            if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
                // Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
                final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
                viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
            }
            return view;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            ....
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
}

LayoutInflater#createView方法比较简单,主要做了下面两件事:
1. 从sConstructorMap集合中获取当前View对应的构造方法,如果没有则根据当前全类名创建构造方法,并且存入sConstructorMap缓存中。
2. 根据构造方法,创建对应的View对象

探究LayoutInflater.inflate流程

public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
        ....
        // 通过传递的布局id,创建一个XmlResourceParser对象
        final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
        try {
            return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
        } finally {
            parser.close();
        }
}


   /**
     *
     * @param parser xml解析器
     * @param root   需要解析布局的父视图
     * @param attachToRoot  是否将解析的视图添加到父视图
     * @return
     */
    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
            final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
            // Context对象
            mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
            // 存储当前父视图
            View result = root;

            try {
                ......
                final String name = parser.getName();
                // 1.解析merge标签
                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException(" can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }

                    rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
                } else {
                    // 2.通过xml的tag解析layout的根视图,比如LinearLayout
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        // 生成布局参数
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        // 3. 如果attachToRoot是false,表示不添加当前视图到父视图中,那么将params设置到自己的布局参数中
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }
                    // 4. 解析temp视图中的所有子view
                    rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);
                    // 如果root不是null,并且attachToRoot是true,那么将temp添加到父视图中,并设置对应的布局参数
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }
                    // 如果root是null,并且attachToRoot是false,那么返回的结果就是temp
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }

            }
            ....

            return result;
}

上述inflate方法主要做了下面的操作:
1. 单独解析merge标签,rInflate会将merge标签下的所有子View直接添加到根标签中
2. 通过createViewFromTag方法解析普通元素
3. 根据root和attachToRoot的状态,决定是否添加当前View对象到父视图中
4. 解析temp视图中的所有子view

createViewFromTag方法解析普通元素

可以看到,通过inflate加载视图中,解析单个元素的createViewFromTag是很常用的,下面先看看createViewFromTag方法:

private View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        return createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs, false);
}



View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
        if (name.equals("view")) {
            name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
        }

        try {
            View view;
            // 用户可以通过设置LayoutInflater的factory自行解析,如果没有设置则默认为null,所以这可以忽略这段
            if (mFactory2 != null) {
                view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
            } else if (mFactory != null) {
                view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
            } else {
                view = null;
            }

            .....
            if (view == null) {
                final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        // 这里是android内置的View控件,由于android自带的View控件,我们在使用的时候不需要全类名,所以这里是-1
                        view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        // 自定义View控件的解析,自定义View必须写View的完整类名,比如""
                        view = createView(name, null, attrs);
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
            }

            return view;
        }
        //省略catch代码
}

我们知道对于系统自带的View会走到onCreateView方法创建,前面的分析已经知道当我们使用LayoutInflater的时候,其实是使用其实现类PhoneLayoutInflater,它复写了onCreateView方法,在该方法里同样会通过createView这样的方法创建对应的View对象,并且传入”android.widget.”这样的包名,这就是为什么我们使用系统自带的View控件时候,不需要写全类名的原因。

rInflateChildren方法解析所有子元素

上面的分析,我们已经知道在LayoutInflater#inflate方法中,当解析完根视图以后,会通过rInflateChildren解析当前根视图下的所有子视图

final void rInflateChildren(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        rInflate(parser, parent, parent.getContext(), attrs, finishInflate);
}


void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
            AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {

        final int depth = parser.getDepth();
        int type;

        while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
                parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {

            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                continue;
            }

            final String name = parser.getName();

            if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
                parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);
            } else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
                parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) { // 解析include标签
                if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
                    throw new InflateException(" cannot be the root element");
                }
                parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                throw new InflateException(" must be the root element");
            } else {
                final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
                final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
                final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                // 递归调用进行解析,并且将解析出的View添加到其父视图中
                rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
                viewGroup.addView(view, params);
            }
        }

        if (finishInflate) {
            parent.onFinishInflate();
        }
}

可以看到rInflate中,每次解析到一个View元素就会递归调用,知道该路径下的最后一个元素,然后在回朔回来将每个View元素添加到他们对应的parent中
通过rInflate解析完成以后,整棵View结构树就构建完成了。

关于LayoutInflater加载布局的解析过程到这里就完毕了。

你可能感兴趣的:(android,framework,Android,Framework)