在android程序员写代码的时候,很多时候会用到LayoutInflater来加载指定的布局:
LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService
(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
// 或者通过from(Context context)获取实例
LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
inflater.inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root);
其实LayoutInflater是一个抽象类:
public abstract class LayoutInflater {
....
}
既然是抽象类,那么一定有它的实现,我们知道系统会在ContextImpl中将所有的系统service,注入到ServiceFetcher中,关于”LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE”有如下实现:
registerService(LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE, new ServiceFetcher() {
public Object createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
return PolicyManager.makeNewLayoutInflater(ctx.getOuterContext());
}});
可以看到这里实际上是调用了PolicyManager.makeNewLayoutInflater
// Policy的实现类
private static final String POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME =
"com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy";
private static final IPolicy sPolicy;
static {
try {
// 通过反射构造Policy对象
Class policyClass = Class.forName(POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME);
sPolicy = (IPolicy)policyClass.newInstance();
}
....
}
// 该方法会返回一个PhoneWindow对象
public static Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
return sPolicy.makeNewWindow(context);
}
public static LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {
return sPolicy.makeNewLayoutInflater(context);
}
可以看到上面的PolicyManager中的所有操作实际上是一个代理,具体的都是交给Policy类处理,Policy实现了Ipolicy接口
public class Policy implements IPolicy {
private static final String TAG = "PhonePolicy";
private static final String[] preload_classes = {
"com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneLayoutInflater",
"com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow",
"com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$1",
"com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DialogMenuCallback",
"com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView",
"com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$PanelFeatureState",
"com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$PanelFeatureState$SavedState",
};
static {
// For performance reasons, preload some policy specific classes when
// the policy gets loaded.
for (String s : preload_classes) {
try {
Class.forName(s);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "Could not preload class for phone policy: " + s);
}
}
}
// 创建PhoneWindow,也就是Activity中window的具体实现类
public Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
return new PhoneWindow(context);
}
// 可以看到LayoutInflater的具体实现类就是PhoneLayoutInflater
public LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {
return new PhoneLayoutInflater(context);
}
public WindowManagerPolicy makeNewWindowManager() {
return new PhoneWindowManager();
}
public FallbackEventHandler makeNewFallbackEventHandler(Context context) {
return new PhoneFallbackEventHandler(context);
}
}
此时,我们知道LayoutInflater的实现类其实就是PhoneLayoutInflater,下面我们看看PhoneLayoutInflater的源码
public class PhoneLayoutInflater extends LayoutInflater {
private static final String[] sClassPrefixList = {
"android.widget.",
"android.webkit.",
"android.app."
};
....
@Override protected View onCreateView(String name, AttributeSet attrs) throws ClassNotFoundException {
for (String prefix : sClassPrefixList) {
try {
// 核心代码就是调用LayoutInflater的createView方法,根据传入的控件名称name以及sClassPrefixList的构造对应的控件
// 比如name是Button,则View就是android.widget.Button
View view = createView(name, prefix, attrs);
if (view != null) {
return view;
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
}
return super.onCreateView(name, attrs);
}
....
}
具体看下LayoutInflater#createView方法:
// 根据完整路径的类名根据反射构造对应的控件对象
public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
// 从缓存中获取当前控件的构造方法
Constructor extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
Class extends View> clazz = null;
try {
// 如果缓存中没有,则获取当前控件全类名对应的Class,并且缓存其构造方法到sConstructorMap集合中
if (constructor == null) {
// Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);
if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
if (!allowed) {
failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
}
}
constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
} else {
......
}
Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
args[1] = attrs;
// 通过反射构造当前view对象
final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
// Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
}
return view;
} catch (Exception e) {
....
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
}
LayoutInflater#createView方法比较简单,主要做了下面两件事:
1. 从sConstructorMap集合中获取当前View对应的构造方法,如果没有则根据当前全类名创建构造方法,并且存入sConstructorMap缓存中。
2. 根据构造方法,创建对应的View对象
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
....
// 通过传递的布局id,创建一个XmlResourceParser对象
final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
try {
return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
} finally {
parser.close();
}
}
/**
*
* @param parser xml解析器
* @param root 需要解析布局的父视图
* @param attachToRoot 是否将解析的视图添加到父视图
* @return
*/
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
// Context对象
mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
// 存储当前父视图
View result = root;
try {
......
final String name = parser.getName();
// 1.解析merge标签
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
throw new InflateException(" can be used only with a valid "
+ "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
}
rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
} else {
// 2.通过xml的tag解析layout的根视图,比如LinearLayout
final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
if (root != null) {
// 生成布局参数
params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
// 3. 如果attachToRoot是false,表示不添加当前视图到父视图中,那么将params设置到自己的布局参数中
if (!attachToRoot) {
temp.setLayoutParams(params);
}
}
// 4. 解析temp视图中的所有子view
rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);
// 如果root不是null,并且attachToRoot是true,那么将temp添加到父视图中,并设置对应的布局参数
if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
root.addView(temp, params);
}
// 如果root是null,并且attachToRoot是false,那么返回的结果就是temp
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
result = temp;
}
}
}
....
return result;
}
上述inflate方法主要做了下面的操作:
1. 单独解析merge标签,rInflate会将merge标签下的所有子View直接添加到根标签中
2. 通过createViewFromTag方法解析普通元素
3. 根据root和attachToRoot的状态,决定是否添加当前View对象到父视图中
4. 解析temp视图中的所有子view
可以看到,通过inflate加载视图中,解析单个元素的createViewFromTag是很常用的,下面先看看createViewFromTag方法:
private View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
return createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs, false);
}
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
if (name.equals("view")) {
name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
}
try {
View view;
// 用户可以通过设置LayoutInflater的factory自行解析,如果没有设置则默认为null,所以这可以忽略这段
if (mFactory2 != null) {
view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
} else if (mFactory != null) {
view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
} else {
view = null;
}
.....
if (view == null) {
final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
try {
if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
// 这里是android内置的View控件,由于android自带的View控件,我们在使用的时候不需要全类名,所以这里是-1
view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
} else {
// 自定义View控件的解析,自定义View必须写View的完整类名,比如" "
view = createView(name, null, attrs);
}
} finally {
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
}
}
return view;
}
//省略catch代码
}
我们知道对于系统自带的View会走到onCreateView方法创建,前面的分析已经知道当我们使用LayoutInflater的时候,其实是使用其实现类PhoneLayoutInflater,它复写了onCreateView方法,在该方法里同样会通过createView这样的方法创建对应的View对象,并且传入”android.widget.”这样的包名,这就是为什么我们使用系统自带的View控件时候,不需要写全类名的原因。
上面的分析,我们已经知道在LayoutInflater#inflate方法中,当解析完根视图以后,会通过rInflateChildren解析当前根视图下的所有子视图
final void rInflateChildren(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, AttributeSet attrs,
boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
rInflate(parser, parent, parent.getContext(), attrs, finishInflate);
}
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
final int depth = parser.getDepth();
int type;
while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
continue;
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);
} else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) { // 解析include标签
if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
throw new InflateException(" cannot be the root element");
}
parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
throw new InflateException(" must be the root element");
} else {
final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
// 递归调用进行解析,并且将解析出的View添加到其父视图中
rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
viewGroup.addView(view, params);
}
}
if (finishInflate) {
parent.onFinishInflate();
}
}
可以看到rInflate中,每次解析到一个View元素就会递归调用,知道该路径下的最后一个元素,然后在回朔回来将每个View元素添加到他们对应的parent中
通过rInflate解析完成以后,整棵View结构树就构建完成了。
关于LayoutInflater加载布局的解析过程到这里就完毕了。