Service学习以及BindService的使用

Service

什么是Service

Service是一个可以在后台执行长时间操作而不使用用户界面的应用组件。

如何使用Service

我们首先需要实现一个Service的子类。主要实现Service的onCreat(),onStartCommand(),onBind(),onDesroy(),其中onBind()只有在需要与activity有交互的时候才会调用。由于很多时候我们需要在service中进行许多比较耗时的操作,所以我们常常需要在其中开启子线程,因为每次都需要在线程任务执行之后去调用stopSelf()。
Service学习以及BindService的使用_第1张图片

Service与Activity通信

从上面的生命周期,可以看出,当用startService()来启动一个Service的时候,这个服务的执行就不再受到控制,为了与某个服务通信,我们可以使用bindService()来启动一个Service。Google的例子如下:

public class MyService extends Service {

    private static final String TAG = "MyService";

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

     //当其他组件调用bindService()方法时,此方法将会被调用
     //然后返回一个Binder对象
     //如果不想让这个service被绑定,在此返回null即可
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onBind");
        LocalBinder binder = new LocalBinder();
        return binder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy");
        //service调用的最后一个方法
        //在此进行资源的回收
        super.onDestroy();
    }
    
    /** method for clients */
    public int getRandomNumber() {
      return mGenerator.nextInt(100);
    }
    
     /**
     * Class used for the client Binder.  Because we know this service always
     * runs in the same process as its clients, we don't need to deal with IPC.
     */
    public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
        MyService getService() {
            // Return this instance of LocalService so clients can call public methods
            return MyService.this;
        }
    }
}

使用bindService()和startService()的最大区别就是对于Service中的onBind()实现,当执行到这一步的时候会返回一个Binder对象,这个就是开始与Service通信的节点。

public class MyActivity extends Activity {
    LocalService mService;
    boolean mBound = false;
    /** Defines callbacks for service binding, passed to bindService() */
    private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
                IBinder service) {
            // We've bound to LocalService, cast the IBinder and get LocalService instance
            LocalBinder binder = (LocalBinder) service;
            mService = binder.getService();
            mBound = true;
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) {
            mBound = false;
        }
    };
    

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        // Bind to LocalService
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, LocalService.class);
        bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        // Unbind from the service
        if (mBound) {
            unbindService(mConnection);
            mBound = false;
        }
    }

    /** Called when a button is clicked (the button in the layout file attaches to
      * this method with the android:onClick attribute) */
    public void onButtonClick(View v) {
        if (mBound) {
            // Call a method from the LocalService.
            // However, if this call were something that might hang, then this request should
            // occur in a separate thread to avoid slowing down the activity performance.
            int num = mService.getRandomNumber();
            Toast.makeText(this, "number: " + num, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

通过上面的代码我们可以看出,执行bindService()需要是三个参数,一个是intent,一个是ServiceConnection,第三个是一个flag,一般使用BIND_AUTO_CREATE。而Activity与Service的通信主要就是通过这个对象来实现的,我们可以很容易的看出其中两个函数的作用,在Activity与Service执行bind的时候,会将Service中onBind()返回的Binder对象,我们可以通过onServiceConnected()持有它的一个引用,这样我们就可以通过它与Service内部进行通信了。

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