今天给大家带来一篇事件分发机制的分析。
Android学习的一道门槛是自定义View&ViewGroup,自定义View中相对重要的是自定义属性,然后重写onMeasure、onLayout、onDraw方法,还包括了解onDraw,dispatchDraw,invalidate,postInvalidate,finishLayout,onSizeChanage,requestlayout等,还有就是自定义View事件冲突的解决,到了这里会有好多疑问,为什么会事件冲突,事件冲突如何解决,onTouch和onTouchEvent什么区别,为什么listView加入滑动功能后,数据列表不能再滚动,广告轮播器(viewPage)图片想要点击为什么要用button而不能用imageView,要很好的解决这些问题,就涉及到了Android的事件分发机制,要了解Android的事件分发机制就要查看android的源码。
android的两大基础控件类型:View和ViewGroup,所有的控件都继承自View,ViewGroup也继承自View但是却有它自己的特性,这里首先分析View的事件分发机制,从一个简单的例子入手进行分析。
View没有子布局的,ViewGroup继承自View,可以有子控件。而事件即MotionEvent,最重要的有3个:
(1)MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN 按下View,是所有事件的开始
(2)MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE 滑动事件
(3)MotionEvent.ACTION_UP 与down对应,表示抬起
其实还有一个ACTION_CANCLE事件,是系统触发的,一般情况是ViewGroup没有拦截Down事件,在拦截Move事件时,会把当前的事件变成一个Cancle事件发送给原来接收该事件的View,后续的事件才能被当前View获取。
View没有拦截函数只有dispatchTouchEvent 和 onTouchEvent,onTouchEvent在dispatchTouchEvent函数内部,onTouchEvent函数的返回值直接影响分发函数。
//只分析正常流程的核心代码
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
boolean result = false;
//如果是Down事件,会重置手势识别
final int actionMasked = event.getActionMasked();
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
// Defensive cleanup for new gesture
stopNestedScroll();
}
//ENABLE_MASK 控件状态是否可用的值
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
result = true;
}
//重点1
//此处进行第一次核心判断,li一般是不为null的,剩余的三个条件分别是
//是否设置了onTouchListener函数,控件是否可用(一般可用),onTouch函数
//的返回值是否是true,所以可以知道重点在onTouch函数的返回值,如果都成立则
//result = true;会直接返回,所以这里可以知道OnTouch事件如果被设置了会先于
//onTouchEvent执行的
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
&& (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
&& li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
result = true;
}
//重点2,进入此处说明上面条件不成立,会走onTouchEvent函数,如果onTouchEvent返回true
//此处也会直接返回true
if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
result = true;
}
}
if (!result && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
}
//可以看到如果result = false,则后面的事件会被中断,如果当前事件时Down,怎后面的move,up事件也就没有了,
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP ||
actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL ||
(actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && !result)) {
stopNestedScroll();
}
return result;
}
onTouch事件需要用户复写,所以此处分析onTouchEvent函数,执行到了此处说明onTouchEvent返回了False或用户就没有设置onTouch事件:
//分析代码之前可以先看函数的返回值,要么是true,要么是false,看到吗就可以知道,只要控件clickable就返回true,否则就返回false
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
final float x = event.getX();
final float y = event.getY();
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
final int action = event.getAction();
//是否可点击,类似button等一般都是可点击的
final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
|| (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
|| (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;
//不可用时返回的依然是clickable的值
if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
setPressed(false);
}
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
// A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
// events, it just doesn't respond to them.
return clickable;
}
if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
return true;
}
}
//进入可点击逻辑
if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
switch (action) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
if ((viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
handleTooltipUp();
}
if (!clickable) {
removeTapCallback();
removeLongPressCallback();
mInContextButtonPress = false;
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
break;
}
boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
// take focus if we don't have it already and we should in
// touch mode.
boolean focusTaken = false;
if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
focusTaken = requestFocus();
}
if (prepressed) {
// The button is being released before we actually
// showed it as pressed. Make it show the pressed
// state now (before scheduling the click) to ensure
// the user sees it.
setPressed(true, x, y);
}
if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
// This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
removeLongPressCallback();
// Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
if (!focusTaken) {
// Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
// performClick directly. This lets other visual state
// of the view update before click actions start.
if (mPerformClick == null) {
mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
}
if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
//执行onClick事件
performClick();
}
}
}
if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
}
if (prepressed) {
postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
} else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
// If the post failed, unpress right now
mUnsetPressedState.run();
}
removeTapCallback();
}
mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
if (event.getSource() == InputDevice.SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN) {
mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
}
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
if (!clickable) {
checkForLongClick(0, x, y);
break;
}
if (performButtonActionOnTouchDown(event)) {
break;
}
// Walk up the hierarchy to determine if we're inside a scrolling container.
boolean isInScrollingContainer = isInScrollingContainer();
// For views inside a scrolling container, delay the pressed feedback for
// a short period in case this is a scroll.
if (isInScrollingContainer) {
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_PREPRESSED;
if (mPendingCheckForTap == null) {
mPendingCheckForTap = new CheckForTap();
}
mPendingCheckForTap.x = event.getX();
mPendingCheckForTap.y = event.getY();
postDelayed(mPendingCheckForTap, ViewConfiguration.getTapTimeout());
} else {
// Not inside a scrolling container, so show the feedback right away
setPressed(true, x, y);
checkForLongClick(0, x, y);
}
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
if (clickable) {
setPressed(false);
}
removeTapCallback();
removeLongPressCallback();
mInContextButtonPress = false;
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
if (clickable) {
drawableHotspotChanged(x, y);
}
// Be lenient about moving outside of buttons
if (!pointInView(x, y, mTouchSlop)) {
// Outside button
// Remove any future long press/tap checks
removeTapCallback();
removeLongPressCallback();
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
setPressed(false);
}
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
}
break;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
触摸控件会首先调用控件的dispatchTouchEvent,而且一定会被调用,onTouch事件和onTouchEvent事件在dispatchTouchEvent的内部,dispatchTouchEvent中最先经过的是onTouch方法,如果满足三个条件(前文总结)就会执行onTouch事件,如果在onTouch方法里返回了true,就会让dispatchTouchEvent方法直接返回true,不会再继续往下执行。这里有一点需要注意,onTouch事件的执行会同时触发ACTION_DOWN和ACTION_UP等事件,对于能被点击的控件,无论执行ACTION_DOWN时返回true或者false对会继续执行ACTION_UP等事件,对于不可点击的控件,如果ACTION_DOWN时返回false,则后面的事件不会再被执行。
onTouch事件没有返回true,事件会继续传递,执行onTouchEvent函数,在其内部执行onClick事件,如果重写了onTouchEvent事件,执行逻辑后直接返回false或者true,则onClick事件也不会被执行,只有返回super.onTouchEvent(event),才会执行调用onclick的逻辑。还有在重写View的dispatchTouchEvent事件,解决事件冲突时特别是利用内部拦截法解决冲突时,要想事件继续传递或者能够接受后来的事件,必须要返回super.。
下一篇文档会介绍ViewGroup事件分发!