Netty 100万级高并发服务器配置

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前言

每一种该语言在某些极限情况下的表现一般都不太一样,那么我常用的Java语言,在达到100万个并发连接情况下,会怎么样呢,有些好奇,更有些期盼。

这次使用经常使用的顺手的netty NIO框架(netty-3.6.5.Final),封装的很好,接口很全面,就像它现在的域名 netty.io,专注于网络IO。

整个过程没有什么技术含量,浅显分析过就更显得有些枯燥无聊,准备好,硬着头皮吧。

测试服务器配置

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运行在VMWare Workstation 9中,64位Centos 6.2系统,分配14.9G内存左右,4核。

已安装有Java7版本:

java version "1.7.0_21"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_21-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.21-b01, mixed mode)

在/etc/sysctl.conf中添加如下配置:

fs.file-max = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 2097152 3145728
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 4096 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 4096 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置:

* soft nofile 1048576
 * hard nofile 1048576

测试端

测试端无论是配置还是程序和以前一样,翻看前几篇博客就可以看到client5.c的源码,以及相关的配置信息等。

服务器程序

这次也是很简单呐,没有业务功能,客户端HTTP请求,服务端输出chunked编码内容。

入口HttpChunkedServer.java:

package com.test.server;
import static org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels.pipeline;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpChunkAggregator;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
public class HttpChunkedServer {
 private final int port;
 public HttpChunkedServer(intport) {
 this.port = port;
 }
 public void run() {
 // Configure the server.
 ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(
 new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(
 Executors.newCachedThreadPool(),
 Executors.newCachedThreadPool()));
 // Set up the event pipeline factory.
 bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(newChannelPipelineFactory() {
 public ChannelPipeline getPipeline ()throws Exception {
 ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
 pipeline.addLast("decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder());
 pipeline.addLast("aggregator", new HttpChunkAggregator(65536));
 pipeline.addLast("encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder());
 pipeline.addLast("chunkedWriter", new ChunkedWriteHandler());
 pipeline.addLast("handler", new HttpChunkedServerHandler());
 return pipeline;
 }
 });
 bootstrap.setOption("child.reuseAddress", true);
 bootstrap.setOption("child.tcpNoDelay", true);
 bootstrap.setOption("child.keepAlive", true);
 // Bind and start to accept incoming connections.
 bootstrap.bind(newInetSocketAddress(port));
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 int port;
 if (args.length > 0) {
 port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
 } else {
 port = 8080;
 }
 System.out.format("server start with port %d 
", port);
 new HttpChunkedServer(port).run();
 }
}

唯一的自定义处理器HttpChunkedServerHandler.java:

package com.test.server;
import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE;
import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod.GET;
import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST;
import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED;
import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.OK;
import static org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.frame.TooLongFrameException;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpChunk;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpResponse;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpChunk;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;
import org.jboss.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
public class HttpChunkedServerHandlerextends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler {
 private static final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
 private void increment() {
 System.out.format("online user %d
", count.incrementAndGet());
 }
 
 private void decrement() {
 if (count.get() <= 0) {
 System.out.format("~online user %d
", 0);
 } else {
 System.out.format("~online user %d
", count.decrementAndGet());
 }
 }
 
 @Override
 public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContextctx, MessageEvent e)
 throws Exception {
 HttpRequest request = (HttpRequest) e.getMessage();
 if (request.getMethod() != GET) {
 sendError(ctx, METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
 return;
 }
 
 sendPrepare(ctx);
 increment();
 }
 
 @Override
 public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContextctx,
 ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
 decrement();
 super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
 }
 
 @Override
 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContextctx, ExceptionEvent e)
 throws Exception {
 Throwable cause = e.getCause();
 if (cause instanceof TooLongFrameException) {
 sendError(ctx, BAD_REQUEST);
 return;
 }
 }
 
 private static void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,
 HttpResponseStatus status) {
 HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, status);
 response.setHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
 response.setContent(ChannelBuffers.copiedBuffer(
 "Failure:" + status.toString() + "
", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
 
 // Close the connection as soon as the error message is sent.
 ctx.getChannel().write(response)
 .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
 }
 
 private void sendPrepare(ChannelHandlerContextctx) {
 HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK);
 response.setChunked(true);
 response.setHeader(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE,
 "text/html; charset=UTF-8");
 response.addHeader(HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION,
 HttpHeaders.Values.KEEP_ALIVE);
 response.setHeader(HttpHeaders.Names.TRANSFER_ENCODING,
 HttpHeaders.Values.CHUNKED);
 
 Channel chan = ctx.getChannel();
 chan.write(response);
 
 // 缓冲必须凑够256字节,浏览器端才能够正常接收 ...
 StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
 builder.append("");
 int leftChars = 256 - builder.length();
 for (int i = 0; i < leftChars; i++) {
 builder.append("");
 }
 
 writeStringChunk(chan, builder.toString());
 }
 
 private void writeStringChunk(Channelchannel, String data) {
 ChannelBuffer chunkContent = ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer(channel
 .getConfig().getBufferFactory());
 chunkContent.writeBytes(data.getBytes());
 HttpChunk chunk = new DefaultHttpChunk(chunkContent);
 channel.write(chunk);
 }
}

启动脚本start.sh

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set CLASSPATH=.
nohup java -server -Xmx6G -Xms6G -Xmn600M -XX:PermSize=50M -XX:MaxPermSize=50M -Xss256K -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:SurvivorRatio=1 -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction=0 -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:LargePageSizeInBytes=128M -XX:+UseFastAccessorMethods -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB=0 -XX:+PrintClassHistogram -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -Xloggc:gc.log -Djava.ext.dirs=lib com.test.server.HttpChunkedServer 8000>server.out 2>&1 &

达到100万并发连接时的一些信息

每次服务器端达到一百万个并发持久连接之后,然后关掉测试端程序,断开所有的连接,等到服务器端日志输出在线用户为0时,再次重复以上步骤。在这反反复复的情况下,观察内存等信息的一些情况。以某次断开所有测试端为例后,当前系统占用为(设置为list_free_1):

total used free shared buffers cached
 Mem: 15189 7736 7453 0 18 120
 -/+ buffers/cache: 7597 7592
 Swap: 4095 948 3147

通过top观察,其进程相关信息

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 
 4925 root 20 0 8206m 4.3g 2776 S 0.3 28.8 50:18.66 java

在启动脚本start.sh中,我们设置堆内存为6G。

ps aux|grep java命令获得信息:

root 4925 38.0 28.8 8403444 4484764 ? Sl 15:26 50:18 java -server...HttpChunkedServer 8000

RSS占用内存为4484764K/1024K=4379M

然后再次启动测试端,在服务器接收到online user 1023749时,ps aux|grep java内容为:

root 4925 43.6 28.4 8403444 4422824 ? Sl 15:26 62:53 java -server...

查看当前网络信息统计

ss -s
 Total: 1024050 (kernel 1024084)
 TCP: 1023769 (estab 1023754, closed 2, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 0/0), ports 12
 Transport Total IP IPv6
 * 1024084 - - 
 RAW 0 0 0 
 UDP 7 6 1 
 TCP 1023767 12 1023755 
 INET 1023774 18 1023756 
 FRAG 0 0 0

通过top查看一下

top -p 4925
 top - 17:51:30 up 3:02, 4 users, load average: 1.03, 1.80, 1.19
 Tasks: 1 total, 0 running, 1 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
 Cpu0 : 0.9%us, 2.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 52.9%id, 1.0%wa, 13.6%hi, 29.0%si, 0.0%st
 Cpu1 : 1.4%us, 4.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 80.1%id, 1.9%wa, 0.0%hi, 12.0%si, 0.0%st
 Cpu2 : 1.5%us, 4.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 80.5%id, 4.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 9.3%si, 0.0%st
 Cpu3 : 1.9%us, 4.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 84.4%id, 3.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 6.2%si, 0.0%st
 Mem: 15554336k total, 15268728k used, 285608k free, 3904k buffers
 Swap: 4194296k total, 1082592k used, 3111704k free, 37968k cached
 PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 
 4925 root 20 0 8206m 4.2g 2220 S 3.3 28.4 62:53.66 java

四核都被占用了,每一个核心不太平均。这是在虚拟机中得到结果,可能真实服务器会更好一些。 因为不是CPU密集型应用,CPU不是问题,无须多加关注。

系统内存状况

free -m
 total used free shared buffers cached
 Mem: 15189 14926 263 0 5 56
 -/+ buffers/cache: 14864 324
 Swap: 4095 1057 3038

物理内存已经无法满足要求了,占用了1057M虚拟内存。

查看一下堆内存情况

jmap -heap 4925
 Attaching to process ID 4925, please wait...
 Debugger attached successfully.
 Server compiler detected.
 JVM version is 23.21-b01
 using parallel threads in the new generation.
 using thread-local object allocation.
 Concurrent Mark-Sweep GC
 Heap Configuration:
 MinHeapFreeRatio = 40
 MaxHeapFreeRatio = 70
 MaxHeapSize = 6442450944 (6144.0MB)
 NewSize = 629145600 (600.0MB)
 MaxNewSize = 629145600 (600.0MB)
 OldSize = 5439488 (5.1875MB)
 NewRatio = 2
 SurvivorRatio = 1
 PermSize = 52428800 (50.0MB)
 MaxPermSize = 52428800 (50.0MB)
 G1HeapRegionSize = 0 (0.0MB)
 Heap Usage:
 New Generation (Eden + 1 Survivor Space):
 capacity = 419430400 (400.0MB)
 used = 308798864 (294.49354553222656MB)
 free = 110631536 (105.50645446777344MB)
 73.62338638305664% used
 Eden Space:
 capacity = 209715200 (200.0MB)
 used = 103375232 (98.5863037109375MB)
 free = 106339968 (101.4136962890625MB)
 49.29315185546875% used
 From Space:
 capacity = 209715200 (200.0MB)
 used = 205423632 (195.90724182128906MB)
 free = 4291568 (4.0927581787109375MB)
 97.95362091064453% used
 To Space:
 capacity = 209715200 (200.0MB)
 used = 0 (0.0MB)
 free = 209715200 (200.0MB)
 0.0% used
 concurrent mark-sweep generation:
 capacity = 5813305344 (5544.0MB)
 used = 4213515472 (4018.321487426758MB)
 free = 1599789872 (1525.6785125732422MB)
 72.48054631000646% used
 Perm Generation:
 capacity = 52428800 (50.0MB)
 used = 5505696 (5.250640869140625MB)
 free = 46923104 (44.749359130859375MB)
 10.50128173828125% used
 1439 interned Strings occupying 110936 bytes.

老生代占用内存为72%,较为合理,毕竟系统已经处理100万个连接。

再次断开所有测试端,看看系统内存(free -m)

total used free shared buffers cached
 Mem: 15189 7723 7466 0 13 120
 -/+ buffers/cache: 7589 7599
 Swap: 4095 950 3145

记为list_free_2。

list_free_1和list_free_2两次都释放后的内存比较结果,系统可用物理已经内存已经降到7589M,先前可是7597M物理内存。

总之,我们的JAVA测试程序在内存占用方面已经,最低需要7589 + 950 = 8.6G内存为最低需求内存吧。

GC日志

我们在启动脚本处设置的一大串参数,到底是否达到目标,还得从gc日志处获得具体效果,推荐使用GCViewer。

GC事件概览:

Netty 100万级高并发服务器配置

 

其它:

Netty 100万级高并发服务器配置

 

Netty 100万级高并发服务器配置

 

Netty 100万级高并发服务器配置

 

总之:

  • 只进行了一次Full GC,代价太高,停顿了12秒。
  • PartNew成为了停顿大户,导致整个系统停顿了41秒之久,不可接受。
  • 当前JVM调优喜忧参半,还得继续努力等

小结

Java与与Erlang、C相比,比较麻烦的事情,需要在程序一开始就得准备好它的堆栈到底需要多大空间,换个说法就是JVM启动参数设置堆内存大小,设置合适的垃圾回收机制,若以后程序需要更多内存,需停止程序,编辑启动参数,然后再次启动。总之一句话,就是麻烦。单单JVM的调优,就得持续不断的根据检测、信息、日志等进行适当微调。

  • JVM需要提前指定堆大小,相比Erlang/C,这可能是个麻烦
  • GC(垃圾回收),相对比麻烦,需要持续不断的根据日志、JVM堆栈信息、运行时情况进行JVM参数微调
  • 设置一个最大连接目标,多次测试达到顶峰,然后释放所有连接,反复观察内存占用,获得一个较为合适的系统运行内存值
  • Eclipse Memory Analyzer结合jmap导出堆栈DUMP文件,分析内存泄漏,还是很方便的
  • 想修改运行时内容,或者称之为热加载,默认不可能
  • 真实机器上会有更好的反映

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转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3990817/blog/3022377

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