配置Yum仓库及客户端及验证

  1. 配置Yum仓库及客户端及验证
  • 问题
  1. 搭建一个本地Yum,将RHEL6光盘手动挂载到/media
  2. 将本地设置为客户端,进行Yum验证
  3. 查询yum库中是否有firefox包
  4. 利用yum安装bind包
  • 方案

YUM服务器配置思路:

第一步:确保光驱电源加电,放入RHEL6光盘的iso镜像

第二步:ls  -l  /dev/cdrom  查看linux系统是否识别光驱设备

第三步:创建挂载目录:mkdir /myiso  (或也可以使用linux系统提供的挂载目录/media、/mnt)

第四步:利用mount命令挂载:mount  /dev/cdrom /myiso

第五步:查看挂载情况:mount | grep myiso

YUM客户端配置思路:     

第一步:切换路径到客户端配置文件路径下:cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

第二步:复制配置文件,新文件命名为以“.repo”结尾:cp rhel-source.repo  dvd.repo

第三步:更改配置文件dvd.repo。

必须更改的字段:

  1. 【】”内容要唯一所以要更改,注意不要有空格
  2. “baseurl”此字段指定软件包目录,注意路径写对。file:后要有三个“/”
  3. “enabled”此字段要至于“1”,代表启用
  • 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:搭建一个本地Yum,将RHEL6光盘手动挂载到/media

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/cdrom           //先卸掉其自动挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@localhost ~]# mount | tail -1

/dev/sr0 on /media type iso9660 (ro)

[root@localhost ~]#

步骤二:将本地设置为客户端,进行Yum验证

Yum客户端需编辑配置文件,命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/         //必须在这个路径下

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls                  //此路径下事先有配置文件的模板

rhel-source.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-source.repo rhel6.repo //配置文件必须以.repo结尾

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim rhel6.repo

[rhel-6]                                     //中括号里内容要求唯一,但不要出现特殊字符

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6           //此为描述信息,可以看情况填写

baseurl=file:///media/                     //此项为yum软件仓库位置,指向光盘挂载点

enabled=1                                   //此项为是否开启,1为开启0为不开启

gpgcheck=1                                  //此项为是否检查签名,1为监测0为不检测

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release  //签名认证信息的路径

……

"rhel6.repo" 6L, 145C                                              1,1          全部

[root@localhost /]# yum repolist

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

rhel-6                                                         | 3.9 kB     00:00 ...

rhel-6/primary_db                                             | 3.1 MB     00:00 ...

repo id             repo name                                                  status

rhel-6              Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6                                3,690

repolist: 3,690

[root@localhost /]#

步骤三:查询yum库中是否有firefox包

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum list | grep firefox

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

firefox.x86_64                         17.0.10-1.el6_4                    @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.5

firefox.i686                           17.0.10-1.el6_4                    rhel-6

[root@localhost /]#

步骤四:利用yum安装bind包

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y install bind

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Setting up Remove Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

……

步骤五:分页查看/root/install.log

命令操作如下所示:

 [root@localhost ~]# less /root/install.log

……

  1. 使用Yum管理软件包 
  • 问题
  1. 利用yum repolist列出可用Yum仓库信息
  2. 利用Yum安装bind
  3. 利用Yum卸载bind
  4. 利用yum search查询与httpd相关的包
  5. 利用yum info查询firefox包描述信息
  • 方案

Yum在使用方面,几乎rpm能够做到的事情,Yum也能够做到。此外Yum还具备自动解决依赖关系的功能。

常用的Yum操作:

  • yum  install  软件名:安装一个软件包
  • yum  remove  软件名:卸载一个软件包
  • 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:利用yum repolist列出可用Yum仓库信息

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum repolist

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

repo id                               repo name                                                  status

rhel-6           Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6                               3,690

repolist: 3,690

[root@localhost /]#

步骤二:利用Yum安装bind

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y remove bind

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Setting up Remove Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

……

[root@localhost /]# yum -y install bind

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

=======================================================================================================

 Package          Arch               Version                                  Repository          Size

=======================================================================================================

Installing:

 bind             x86_64             32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6                rhel-6             4.0 M

……

步骤三:利用Yum卸载bind

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y remove bind

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Setting up Remove Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

……

 [root@localhost ~]#

步骤四:利用yum search查询与httpd相关的包

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum search httpd

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

========================================= N/S Matched: httpd ==========================================

httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server

httpd-devel.i686 : Development interfaces for the Apache HTTP server

httpd-devel.x86_64 : Development interfaces for the Apache HTTP server

httpd-manual.noarch : Documentation for the Apache HTTP server

httpd-tools.x86_64 : Tools for use with the Apache HTTP Server

mod_dav_svn.x86_64 : Apache httpd module for Subversion server

mod_dnssd.x86_64 : An Apache HTTPD module which adds Zeroconf support

 

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

[root@localhost /]#

步骤四:利用yum info查询firefox包描述信息

命令操作如下所示:

root@localhost /]# yum info firefox

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Installed Packages

Name        : firefox

Arch        : x86_64

Version     : 17.0.10

Release     : 1.el6_4

Size        : 29 M

Repo        : installed

From repo   : anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64

Summary     : Mozilla Firefox Web browser

URL         : http://www.mozilla.org/projects/firefox/

License     : MPLv1.1 or GPLv2+ or LGPLv2+

Description : Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser, designed for standards

            : compliance, performance and portability.

 

Available Packages

Name        : firefox

Arch        : i686

Version     : 17.0.10

Release     : 1.el6_4

Size        : 25 M

Repo        : rhel-6

Summary     : Mozilla Firefox Web browser

URL         : http://www.mozilla.org/projects/firefox/

License     : MPLv1.1 or GPLv2+ or LGPLv2+

Description : Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser, designed for standards

            : compliance, performance and portability.

 

[root@localhost /]#

  1. 使用Yum管理软件组
  • 问题
  1. 安装“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组
  2. 卸载“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组
  3. 用英文方式安装“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组
  4. 查询“开发工具”软件组,详细信息
  • 方案

Yum仓库还具备管理软件包组的功能。

常用的Yum操作:

  • yum     grouplist:查看软件组列表
  • yum     groupinfo:查看软件组的说明信息
  • yum     groupinstall:安装指定的软件组
  • yum     groupupdate:升级软件组
  • yum     groupremove:卸载软件组

安装RHEL6图形环境:

[root@localhost ~]# LANG=en

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop" "Fonts" "X Window System"

安装RHEL6开发环境:

[root@localhost ~]# LANG=en

root@localhost ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"

  • 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:安装“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y groupinstall " MySQL 数据库服务器"

步骤二:卸载“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y groupremove " MySQL 数据库服务器"

步骤三:用英文方式安装“MySQL 数据库服务器”软件组

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]#LANG=en yum –y groupinstall "MySQL Database server"

步骤四:查询“开发工具”软件组,详细信息

命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y groupinfo "开发工具"

  1. 安装源代码软件
  • 问题
  1. 编译安装httpd网站服务软件,开启httpd服务并确认结果
  2. 编译安装aria2下载工具
  • 方案

首先要准备开发环境,可以利用yum安装gcc、make等工具,或安装开发工具软件包组。

1)解包 tar   【释放源代码至指定目录】

2)配置 【指定安装目录/功能模块等选项】

./configure  --prefix=安装目录

   ** 查看配置帮助  ./configure  --help | less

** 此步骤成功后会生成 Makefile 文件

3)编译 make     【生成可执行的二进制程序文件】

4)安装 make install 【将编译好的文件复制到预先配置的安装目录】

  • 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:编译安装、使用httpd网站服务软件

1)部署编译安装环境

可以通过安装“开发工具”包组,也可以通过命令“yum y install gcc*”来实现。命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost /]# yum -y install gcc*

[root@localhost /]# gcc --version       //查看gcc编译器版本

gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)

Copyright ? 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

本程序是自由软件;请参看源代码的版权声明。本软件没有任何担保;

包括没有适销性和某一专用目的下的适用性担保。

 [root@localhost /]# make --version       //查看make工具版本

GNU Make 3.81

Copyright (C) 2006  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.

There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

 

This program built for x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu

[root@localhost /]#  

2)获得httpd源代码包,利用tar命令解包

本例中利用VMware Tools工具,将httpd源码包上传到Linux服务器上,然后利用tar命令解包,相关命令操作如下所示:

[root@localhost 桌面]# pwd

/root/桌面

[root@localhost 桌面]# ls

httpd-2.2.25.tar.gz

[root@localhost 桌面]# tar -zxf httpd-2.2.25.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[root@localhost 桌面]# ls /usr/src

debug  httpd-2.2.25  kernels  vmware-tools-distrib

[root@localhost 桌面]#

3)切换到解压目录,配置编译参数

[root@localhost 桌面]# cd /usr/src/httpd-2.2.25/

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache  //配置

……

4)依次执行编译、安装过程

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# make     //编译

……

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# make install    //安装

……

5)确认安装结果,并启用httpd服务

查看安装完成后的程序目录:

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# ls /usr/local/apache/

bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]#

开启httpd服务(运行脚本):

 [root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]#

通过本机的Firefox浏览器访问 http://localhost/,应该能看到“IT Works! ”的默认网页,如图-1所示,说明httpd安装并运行成功。

配置Yum仓库及客户端及验证_第1张图片

图-1

步骤二:编译安装aria2下载工具

1)解包、进入源码目录:

[root@localhost 桌面]# cd /root/桌面

[root@localhost 桌面]# tar zxf aria2-1.17.1.tar.gz

[root@localhost 桌面]# cd aria2-1.17.1

2)配置,./configure :

[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# ./configure

.. ..

Message Digest: yes

WebSocket:      yes

Libaria2:       no

bash_completion dir: ${datarootdir}/doc/${PACKAGE_TARNAME}/bash_completion

Static build:

3)编译、安装,make && make install

其中&&符号为连接符号,意思是前边命令执行成功后则执行后面命令:

[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# make && make install   

.. ..

make[2]: Entering directory `/root/Desktop/tools/aria2-1.17.1'

make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.

 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/share/doc/aria2'

 /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 README README.rst '/usr/local/share/doc/aria2'

make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/tools/aria2-1.17.1'

make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/tools/aria2-1.17.1'

4)程序测试

在此前安装的httpd网站根目录下建立一个测试文件比如可以将/boot/目录下vmlinuz开头的内核文件复制过去:

[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/vmlinuz.knl

[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# ls -lh /usr/local/apache/htdocs/vmlinuz.knl

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.1M 09-27 17:30 /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/vmlinuz.knl

然后使用aria2c下载vmlinuz.knl文件,下载格式“aria2c  文件的URL”,若成功下载所要的文件,说明程序顺利安装并可正常使用:

[root@localhost aria2-1.17.1]# cd    //返回root的宿主目录

[root@localhost ~]# aria2c http://localhost/vmlinuz.knl   //执行下载

 

09/27 17:34:04 [NOTICE] Download complete: /root/vmlinuz.knl

 

下载结果:

gid   |stat|avg speed  |path/URI

======+====+===========+=======================================================

48e71e|OK  |   289MiB/s|/root/vmlinuz.knl

 

状态标识:

(OK):完成下载。

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh vmlinuz.knl   //确认下载结果

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.1M 09-27 17:34 vmlinuz.knl

 

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