leetcode: Remove Duplicate Letters

Given a string which contains only lowercase letters, remove duplicate letters so that every letter appear once and only once. You must make sure your result is the smallest in lexicographical order among all possible results.

Example:

Given "bcabc"
Return "abc"

Given "cbacdcbc"
Return "acdb"

分三步:

1.统计每个字符出现的次数

2.遍历字符串,并记录遇到的最小字符及位置,遍历过程中,没遇到一个字符将这个字符的次数减1,直到遇到一个字符的次数为0,进入第3步

3.找到的最小字符附加到结果字符串尾部

4.在原始字符串中,删除原始字符串中最小字符位置之前的所有字符,并删除字符串所有的最小字符,回到步骤1

class Solution {
public:
    
    static string removeDuplicateLetters(string s) {
        
        string strResult;
        while (!s.empty())
        {
            std::vector chCnt(26, 0);
            for (auto ch : s)
            {
                chCnt[ch - 'a']++;
            }

            int minChIdx = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
            {
                if (s[i] < s[minChIdx])
                {
                    minChIdx = i;
                }

                chCnt[s[i] - 'a']--;
                if (chCnt[s[i] - 'a'] == 0)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            strResult.push_back(s[minChIdx]);
            char minCh = s[minChIdx];
            s = s.substr(minChIdx + 1);
            removeCh(s, minCh);
        }
        return strResult;
    }


    static void removeCh(string& s, char ch)
    {
        int i = 0, j = 0;
        for (; j < s.size(); ++j)
        {
            if (s[j] != ch)
            {
                s[i] = s[j];
                i++;
            }
        }
        s.erase(s.begin() + i, s.end());
    }
};


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