转载:http://blog.csdn.net/hshl1214/article/details/8684740
http://blog.csdn.net/peixiuhui/article/details/46456691
由于要使用网络通讯,所以不可避免的要用到dhcp。理想的网络通讯方式是下面3种都要支持:
1,接入已有网络。这便要求可以作为dhcp客户端。
2,作为DHCP服务器,动态分配IP。
3,指定固定IP
第3种情况没有什么好说的,简单说下前2种情况。
使用步骤:
(1)在内核的网络项里面把DHCP配置上;
(2)在busybox里面把[*]udhcp server(udhcpd)
[*]udhcp client(udhcpc)都选上。
udhcpd就是终端设备作为DHCP服务器
udhcpc就是终端设备作为DHCP客户端
busybox里面对dhcp都已经给出例子了,
[zhh@localhost busybox-1.14.1]$ ls ./examples/udhcp/
sample.bound sample.deconfig sample.nak sample.renew sample.script simple.script udhcpd.conf
比如使用udhcpc时
就可以直接把simple.script拿来使用,改不改名字都可以,busybox里面默认的目录文件是/usr/share/udhcpc/default.script
可以查看下帮助
# udhcpc --help
BusyBox v1.14.1 (2010-01-22 10:35:16 CST) multi-call binary
Usage: udhcpc [-Cfbnqtvo] [-c CID] [-V VCLS] [-H HOSTNAME] [-i INTERFACE]
[-p pidfile] [-r IP] [-s script] [-O dhcp-option]... [-P N]
-V CLASSID Vendor class identifier
-i INTERFACE Interface to use (default: eth0)
-H,-h HOSTNAME Client hostname
-c CLIENTID Client identifier
-C Suppress default client identifier
-p file Create pidfile
-r IP IP address to request
-s file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)
-t N Send up to N request packets
-T N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3)
-A N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure
-O OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative)
-o Do not request any options (unless -O is also given)
-f Run in foreground
-b Background if lease is not immediately obtained
-S Log to syslog too
-n Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained
-q Quit after obtaining lease
-R Release IP on quit
-P N Use port N instead of default 68
-a Use arping to validate offered address
#
这样就很好理解了。
下面就说说使用udhcpd,同样可以直接把busybox自带的udhcpd.conf作为参考,怎么设置该文件就不详述了,去参考相关文档即可。看看udhcpd怎么使用
# udhcpd --help
BusyBox v1.14.1 (2010-01-22 10:35:16 CST) multi-call binary
Usage: udhcpd [-fS] [-P N] [configfile]
DHCP server
-f Run in foreground
-S Log to syslog too
-P N Use port N instead of default 67
帮助一目了然。
我使用的时候直接
#udhcpd /etc/udhcpd.conf
即可。
还有一个租约文件要简要说说,使用udhcpd时会要求建立一个租约文件,按照提示创建一个就行了,它起什么作用呢?就是为了记录客户端所获得的IP,如果没有租约文件,则会重新给客户端分配一个新IP,如果有,则使用原先分配的IP。
1. 在内核中添加以下选项:
Networking --->
[*] Networking support
Networking options --->
Packet socket //添加.配置CONFIG_PACKET
[ * ] IP: DHCP support //添加
[ * ] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains) ---> //添加,后面子选项可不选,配置CONFIG_NETFILTER
说明:若没选 Packet socket, [ * ] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains) --->选项,在执行udhcpc命令时出现如下错误:
~ # udhcpc
udhcpc (v0.9.9-pre) started
udhcpc[208]: udhcpc (v0.9.9-pre) started
FATAL: couldn't listen on socket, Address family not supported by protocol
udhcpc[208]: FATAL: couldn't listen on socket, Address family not supported by protocol
2. Busybox中添加以下选项:
Networking Utilities --->
udhcp Server/Client --->
[] udhcp Server (udhcpd) //在此不作服务端,故不选。生成udhcpd命令
[*] udhcp Client (udhcpc) //生成udhcpc命令
[ ] Lease display utility (dumpleases)
[ ] Log udhcp messages to syslog (instead of stdout)
[ ] Compile udhcp with noisy debugging messages
若busybox没编译相应选项,也可从网上下载相应文件,用arm-linux交叉编译得到udhcpd,udhcpc命令copy到usr/sbin下就可以了。
我从 网上 下的udhcp_0.9.8cvs20050303.orig.tar.gz文件
解压后修改Makefile文件
在19行添加CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
注释12行的COMBINED_BINARY=1,否则不生成udhcpc命令。
3. 建相关配置文件
从busybox的examples/udhcp/下copy simple.script文件到开发板/usr/share/udhcpc/下,并重命名为default.script,udhcp_0.9.8cvs20050303.orig.tar.gz中也有这样的文件。
[root@localhost root]# vi usr/share/udhcpc/default.script
#!/bin/sh
# udhcpc script edited by Tim Riker
[ -z "$1" ] && echo "Error: should be called from udhcpc" && exit 1
RESOLV_CONF="/etc/resolv.conf"
[ -n "$broadcast" ] && BROADCAST="broadcast $broadcast"
[ -n "$subnet" ] && NETMASK="netmask $subnet"
case "$1" in
deconfig)
/sbin/ifconfig $interface 0.0.0.0
;;
renew|bound)
/sbin/ifconfig $interface $ip $BROADCAST $NETMASK
if [ -n "$router" ] ; then
echo "deleting routers"
while route del default gw 0.0.0.0 dev $interface ; do
:
done
for i in $router ; do
route add default gw $i dev $interface
done
fi
echo -n > $RESOLV_CONF
[ -n "$domain" ] && echo search $domain >> $RESOLV_CONF
for i in $dns ; do
echo adding dns $i
echo nameserver $i >> $RESOLV_CONF
done
;;
esac
exit 0
4. 重启开发板,执行udhcpc就可自动获取IP地址了,以下是执行udhcpc的输出信息:
~ # udhcpc
udhcpc (v0.9.9-pre) started
udhcpc[228]: udhcpc (v0.9.9-pre) started
Sending discover...
udhcpc[228]: Sending discover...
Sending select for 192.168.1.109...
udhcpc[228]: Sending select for 192.168.1.109...
Lease of 192.168.1.109 obtained, lease time 86400
udhcpc[228]: Lease of 192.168.1.109 obtained, lease time 86400
deleting routers
route: SIOC[ADD|DEL]RT: No such process
adding dns 192.168.0.1
~ # ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (220.181.38.4): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 220.181.38.4: icmp_seq=0 ttl=52 time=1219.0 ms
[1] + Stopped ping www.baidu.com
5. 如果是双网卡必须用参数指明
例:udhcpc -i eth1