赖世雄美语从头学初级篇（上）Lesson 047 Be Polite 要有礼貌

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I. Reading 阅读

Everyone should be polite. Polite people show good manners. Moreover, they are popular. On the other hand, rude people are looked down upon. Rudeness shows poor education. Therefore, why not be polite? A simple “Please,” “Thank you,” or “You're welcome,” can make a big difference.

每个人都应有礼貌。有礼貌的人展现良好的风度。而且，他们受人欢迎。另一方面，无礼的人则遭人轻视。无礼表示教育差。因此，何不有礼貌一点呢?“请”、“谢谢你”或“不客气”这几个字虽很简单，却会使情况大不相同。

II. Vocabulary&Idioms 单词短语注解

1. polite [pə'laɪt] a. 有礼貌的
   例: A gentleman is always polite.
   (绅士总是很有礼貌。)
2. show [ʃo] vt. 展现
   例: Her poor test score showed that she didn't study.
   (她差劲的考试分数显示出她根本没念书。)
3. manners ['mænəz] n.风度，礼貌
   注意:
   manner表示做事的"方式"或"方法''，而其复数形manners则表示"风度"或"礼貌"。表示"方式"或"方法"时，多与介词in并用。
   in a(n)...manner 以······的方式
   例: She spoke to us in an impolite manner.
   (她跟我们说话时很不礼貌。)
   It is bad manners to point at people.
   (对人指指点点是很不礼貌的。)
4. moreover [mɔr'ovɚ] adv.并且，此外
5. popular ['pɑpjəlɚ] a.受人欢迎的
   be popular with+众人 受到一群人的欢迎
   例: That teacher is very popular with her students.
   (那位老师非常受她学生的欢迎。)
6. on the other hand 另一方面
   on (the) one hand... on the other (hand )
   一方面······ 另一方面
   例: On the one hand, it's fun to have a dog. On the other hand, it's a big responsibility.
   (一方面来说，养狗很好玩。但另一方面来说,那是个很大的责任。)
7. rude [rud] a. 粗鲁的，无礼的
   rudeness ['ru:dnis] n.粗鲁，无礼
   例: Don't interrupt; it is very rude.
   (別打断別人的谈话,那是很无礼的。)
8. look down upon+人 轻视某人
   look up to+人 瞧得起/尊敬某人
   例: People look down upon Barry, because he is a thief.
   (人们都瞧不起巴里,因为他是个贼。)
   People look up to a good leader.
   (人们都尊敬一位好的领导者。)
9. poor [pʊər; pʊr] a.差劲的，不良的
   注意：
   poor 亦可表示“可怜的”或“贫穷的”。本课中poor作“不良的”解。
10. education [,ɛdʒu'keʃən] n.教育
    educate ['ɛdʒuket] vt. 教育
    例: Carl has a college education.
    (卡尔受过大学教育。)
    Chris was educated in England.
    (克里斯是在英国受教育的。)
11. therefore ['ðɛrfɔr] adv. 因此
    例: We spent all our money; therefore, we had to go home.
    (我们把钱全花光了,因此,我们只得回家去。)
12. simple ['sɪmpl] a. 简单的
13. make a big difference 产生很大的不同
    difference ['dɪfrəns] n. 差异, 不同
    例: Your help can make a big difference.
    (你的帮忙可以使情况大为改观。)

III. Grammar Points 语法重点

本课主要介绍被动语态的形成及用法。

1. On the other hand, rude people are looked down upon.
   (另一方面，无礼的人则遭人轻视。)
   本句中的"are looked down upon"(被轻视)乃短语动词"look down upon"的被动语态。
   a. “被动语态”均由及物动词形成，句型如下：
   主语+及物动词+宾语
   主语+be动词+过去分词+by+宾语
   例: They respect him.
   He is respected by them.
   (他受到他们的尊敬。)
   The teacher punished the naughty boy.
   The naughty boy was punished by the teacher.
   (这顽皮的男孩被老师处罚了。)
   b. 及物动词变成被动语态时，除非绝对必要，否则“by+宾语”往往省略。故以上两例均可写成：
   He is respected. (他受到尊敬。)
   The naughty boy was punished.
   (这顽皮的男孩被处罚了。)
   c. 及物动词多是一个单词(如上例中的respect及punish)，但有时亦由两个或三个单词所构成，此时就称为短语动词，它们共同的特征就是最后一个单词一定是介词。兹列举一些常用的短语动词如下：
   look at 凝视
   point at 指着
   rely on 依赖
   pay attention to 注意
   look down upon 轻视
   take care of 照顾，注意
   例: I cannot rely on him.
   (我不能依赖他。)
   Everyone looks down upon him.
   (每个人都轻视他。)
   以上两个例句中的短语动词均视为及物动词，之后皆有宾语，故可使用被动语态。原则和一般及物动词一样。但初学英文的人，将短语动词变成被动语态时，往往漏了介词。
   例: He cannot be relied. ( X )
   → He cannot be relied on. ( O )
   (他不能被依赖。)
   A liar is looked down. ( X )
   → A liar is looked down upon. ( O )
   (说谎的人被人轻视。)
2. Therefore, why not be polite?
   (因此，何不有礼貌一点呢?)
   why或why not之后可直接用动词原形，形成简略的问句。
   a. Why+动词原形?
   =Why should I/we+动词原形?
   (我/我们为何要······?)
   例: Why stay here?
   = Why should I/we stay here?
   (我/我们为什么要待在这里?)
   Why be quiet?
   = Why should I/we be quiet?
   (我/我们为什么要安静?)
   b. Why not+动词原形?
   =Why can't you/we+动词原形?
   (你/你们/我们为何不能······?)
   例: Why not be quiet?
   =Why can't you/we be quiet?
   (你/你们/我们为何不能安静呢?)
   Why not stay here?
   =Why can't you/we stay here?
   (你/你们/我们为何不能待在这里?)

IV. Substitution 替换

1. Rude people are looked down upon.
   The patient is well taken care of.
   Dishonest people can't be relied on.
   (无礼的人会遭人轻视。)
   (这病人受到妥善的照顾。)
   (不诚实的人不可被信赖。)
2. Why not be polite?
   Why not eat at his restaurant?
   Why get angry?
   (何不有礼貌一点?)
   (何不在这家餐厅吃东西呢?)
   (为何要生气呢?)

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