Http和Https网络同步请求httpclient和异步请求async-http-client
Http和https网络请求
主要总结一下使用到的网络请求框架，一种是同步网络请求org.apache.httpcomponents的httpclient，另一种是异步网络请求com.ning的async-http-client，总结一下常用的http请求方式封装使用，如post、get、put、delete等，以及涉及到ssl证书https请求的双向证书验证。
一、apache同步请求httpclient
1、引入文件
org.apache.httpcomponents
httpclient
4.5.2
2、http和https的方法封装
涉及常用的post和get的请求，https的ssl双向证书验证。
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
/**
* 创建时间：2016年11月9日 下午4:16:32
*
* @author andy
* @version 2.2
*/
public class HttpUtils {
private static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";
private static final int CONNECT_TIME_OUT = 5000; //链接超时时间3秒
private static final RequestConfig REQUEST_CONFIG = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT).build();
private static SSLContext wx_ssl_context = null; //微信支付ssl证书
static{
Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("wx_apiclient_cert.p12");
try {
KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
char[] keyPassword = ConfigUtil.getProperty("wx.mchid").toCharArray(); //证书密码
keystore.load(resource.getInputStream(), keyPassword);
wx_ssl_context = SSLContexts.custom().loadKeyMaterial(keystore, keyPassword).build();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: get 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 参数
* @param headers headers参数
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String get(String url, Map params, Map headers) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
boolean flag = true; // 是否开始
for (Entry entry : params.entrySet()) {
if (flag) {
param.append("?");
flag = false;
} else {
param.append("&");
}
param.append(entry.getKey()).append("=");
try {
param.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), DEFAULT_CHARSET));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
//编码失败
}
}
url += param.toString();
}
String body = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
.build();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (httpClient != null) {
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return body;
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: get 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String get(String url) {
return get(url, null);
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: get 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 参数
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String get(String url, Map params) {
return get(url, params, null);
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: post 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 参数
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String post(String url, Map params) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
List nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<>();
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
for (Entry entry : params.entrySet()) {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
}
String body = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
.build();
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, DEFAULT_CHARSET));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (httpClient != null) {
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return body;
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: post 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @param s 参数xml
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String post(String url, String s) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
String body = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
.build();
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(s, DEFAULT_CHARSET));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (httpClient != null) {
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return body;
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: post https请求，服务器双向证书验证
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 参数
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String posts(String url, Map params) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
List nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<>();
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
for (Entry entry : params.entrySet()) {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
}
String body = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
.setSSLSocketFactory(getSSLConnectionSocket())
.build();
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, DEFAULT_CHARSET));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (httpClient != null) {
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return body;
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: post https请求，服务器双向证书验证
* @param url 请求地址
* @param s 参数xml
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String posts(String url, String s) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
String body = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultRequestConfig(REQUEST_CONFIG)
.setSSLSocketFactory(getSSLConnectionSocket())
.build();
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(s, DEFAULT_CHARSET));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
body = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (httpClient != null) {
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return body;
}
//获取ssl connection链接
private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory getSSLConnectionSocket() {
return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(wx_ssl_context, new String[] {"TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2"}, null,
SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());
}
} 二、com.ning异步请求async-http-client
1、引入文件
com.ning
async-http-client
1.9.40
2、http和https的方法封装
涉及常用的post和get的请求，https的ssl双向证书验证。
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import com.ning.http.client.AsyncHttpClient;
import com.ning.http.client.AsyncHttpClientConfig;
import com.ning.http.client.Response;
/**
* 创建时间：2016年11月8日 下午5:16:32
*
* @author andy
* @version 2.2
*/
public class HttpKit {
private static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";
private static final int CONNECT_TIME_OUT = 5000; //链接超时时间3秒
private static SSLContext wx_ssl_context = null; //微信支付ssl证书
static{
Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("wx_apiclient_cert.p12"); //获取微信证书 或者直接从文件流读取
char[] keyStorePassword = ConfigUtil.getProperty("wx.mchid").toCharArray(); //证书密码
try {
KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keystore.load(resource.getInputStream(), keyStorePassword);
KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory
.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
keyManagerFactory.init(keystore, keyStorePassword);
SSLContext wx_ssl_context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
wx_ssl_context.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), null, new SecureRandom());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: get 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 参数
* @param headers headers参数
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String get(String url, Map params, Map headers) {
AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT).build());
AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder builder = http.prepareGet(url);
builder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
Set keys = params.keySet();
for (String key : keys) {
builder.addQueryParam(key, params.get(key));
}
}
if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
Set keys = headers.keySet();
for (String key : keys) {
builder.addHeader(key, params.get(key));
}
}
Future f = builder.execute();
String body = null;
try {
body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
http.close();
return body;
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: get 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String get(String url) {
return get(url, null);
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: get 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 参数
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String get(String url, Map params) {
return get(url, params, null);
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: post 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 参数
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String post(String url, Map params) {
AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT).build());
AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder builder = http.preparePost(url);
builder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
Set keys = params.keySet();
for (String key : keys) {
builder.addQueryParam(key, params.get(key));
}
}
Future f = builder.execute();
String body = null;
try {
body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
http.close();
return body;
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: post 请求
* @param url 请求地址
* @param s 参数xml
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String post(String url, String s) {
AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT).build());
AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder builder = http.preparePost(url);
builder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
builder.setBody(s);
Future f = builder.execute();
String body = null;
try {
body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
http.close();
return body;
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: post https请求，服务器双向证书验证
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 参数
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String posts(String url, Map params){
AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(
new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT)
.setSSLContext(wx_ssl_context)
.build());
AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder bbuilder = http.preparePost(url);
bbuilder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
Set keys = params.keySet();
for (String key : keys) {
bbuilder.addQueryParam(key, params.get(key));
}
}
Future f = bbuilder.execute();
String body = null;
try {
body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
http.close();
return body;
}
/**
* @description 功能描述: post https请求，服务器双向证书验证
* @param url 请求地址
* @param s 参数xml
* @return 请求失败返回null
*/
public static String posts(String url, String s) {
AsyncHttpClient http = new AsyncHttpClient(
new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder()
.setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT)
.setSSLContext(wx_ssl_context).build());
AsyncHttpClient.BoundRequestBuilder builder = http.preparePost(url);
builder.setBodyEncoding(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
builder.setBody(s);
Future f = builder.execute();
String body = null;
try {
body = f.get().getResponseBody(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
http.close();
return body;
}
} 三、测试
相同结果下，对同一网络请求平均测试20次请求性能
对于少量的网络请求来说httpclient和异步的async-http-client相差无几，甚至比异步还要快，但是在大量网络请求来说异步性能可能更高，但是上面需要优化如减少链接创建、设置超时时间、设置重试次数等等。