Is memcached a dinosaur in comparison to Redis?

相比Redis，Memcached真的过时了吗？

Redis最近很火，也经常被当作Memcached的挑战者被提到桌面上来。关于Redis与Memcached的比较更是比比皆是。然而，Redis真的在功能、性能以及内存使用效率上都超越了Memcached吗？下面内容来自Redis作者在stackoverflow上对于这个问题的一个回答。

《Is memcached a dinosaur in comparison to Redis?》

You should not care too much about performances. Redis is faster per core with small values, but memcached is able to use multiple cores with a single executable and TCP port without help from the client. Also memcached is faster with big values in the order of 100k. Redis recently improved a lot about big values (unstable branch) but still memcached is faster in this use case. The point here is: nor one or the other will likely going to be your bottleneck for the query-per-second they can deliver.

You should care about memory usage. For simple key-value pairs memcached is more memory efficient. If you use Redis hashes, Redis is more memory efficient. Depends on the use case.

You should care about persistence and replication, two features only available in Redis. Even if your goal is to build a cache it helps that after an upgrade or a reboot your data are still there.

You should care about the kind of operations you need. In Redis there are a lot of complex operations, even just considering the caching use case, you often can do a lot more in a single operation, without requiring data to be processed client side (a lot of I/O is sometimes needed). This operations are often as fast as plain GET and SET. So if you don’t need just GEt/SET but more complex things Redis can help a lot (think at timeline caching).

没有必要过多的关心性能，因为二者的性能都已经足够高了。由于Redis只使用单核，而Memcached可以使用多核，所以在比较上，平均每一个核上Redis在存储小数据时比Memcached性能更高。而在100k以上的数据中，Memcached性能要高于Redis，虽然Redis最近也在存储大数据的性能上进行优化，但是比起Memcached，还是稍有逊色。说了这么多，结论是，无论你使用哪一个，每秒处理请求的次数都不会成为瓶颈。（比如瓶颈可能会在网卡）

如果要说内存使用效率，使用简单的key-value存储的话，Memcached的内存利用率更高，而如果Redis采用hash结构来做key-value存储，由于其组合式的压缩，其内存利用率会高于Memcached。当然，这和你的应用场景和数据特性有关。

如果你对数据持久化和数据同步有所要求，那么推荐你选择Redis，因为这两个特性Memcached都不具备。即使你只是希望在升级或者重启系统后缓存数据不会丢失，选择Redis也是明智的。

当然，最后还得说到你的具体应用需求。Redis相比Memcached来说，拥有更多的数据结构和并支持更丰富的数据操作，通常在Memcached里，你需要将数据拿到客户端来进行类似的修改再set回去。这大大增加了网络IO的次数和数据体积。在Redis中，这些复杂的操作通常和一般的GET/SET一样高效。所以，如果你需要缓存能够支持更复杂的结构和操作，那么Redis会是不错的选择。