英语口语(英语流利说)笔记

连读

1. 辅音与元音的连读

son-of-a bitch 婊子养的
not-at-all 根本不
call-it-a day 到此为止,就这样吧

2. 元音和元音的连读

How-are you
/u/+/a/ >>>>>> wa

Go-away
/u/+/ə/

3. 辅单与辅音的连读

Fuck-you
/fʌk/ /ju/

Love-you
/lʌv/ /ju/

/j/ 半元音

/ju/ 叶 + 屋 = 优

/d/ + /j/ 不是 跌 是 掘

would-you 吾就 could-you 苦就 and-you 安就

/t/ + /j/ 不是 贴 是 切

about-you last-year

/s/ + /j/ 不是 塞 是 斯

six-years old

失爆

以6个爆破音
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
结尾的单词 在读时会失去爆破音
它们在发音时喷出气流,失爆会省点力气,失爆是因为 “懒”

sit down
blackboard
Bed and Breakfast (bnb) and 失爆后发音接近 n

nothing to tell
just some guy
going out with

连读 or 失爆

看词结尾爆破音 能不能和后面词的开头怼上
能怼上 就连读: look-after
怼不上 就失爆: out-there

弱读

How do you do?
How are you doing?

1. Cows / eat / grass.
2. The cows / eat / the grass.
3. The cows / are eating / the grass.
4. The cows / have been eating / the grass.

英文
stress-timed language
重音计时的语言

中文
syllable-timed language
音节计时的语言

弱读虚词

冠词: the
助动词: are / have been

重读实词

名词: cows / grass
动词: eat
否定式: won’t / can’t / isn’t

I’m just so angry!

• I need to go to Walmart today. Do you want to come?
• No, I don’t think so. I’ve got a lot of work to do.
• Do you want me to get you anything there?
• Well, if you don’t mind, I could use some socks.

强调

1. to 弱读成 ‘特’
   need to go to Walmart
   got a lot of work to do
2. 否定词要重读
   I don’t think so
   if you don’t mind

总结

1. 英语的节奏感体现在 重读 和 弱读
   Cows eat grass
2. 一句话中 需要 弱读 虚词, 重读实词
   虚词: 冠词, 介词, 代词, 连词, 助动词, 情态动词
   实词: 动词, 名词, 形容词, 副词, 否定式

wanna & gonna

Don’t Wanna Know
wanna = want to
gonna = going to

弱读 != 读的声音轻/模糊

强读式 & 弱读式

弱读原则一: 元音不饱满

元音都要弱化成 /ə/
如 to /tu/ >>> /tə/

1. a /ei/ 弱读成 /ə/
   I have a pen.
2. an /æn/ 弱读成 /ən/
   I have an apple.

/	强读式	弱读式
as	/æz/	/əz/
to	/tu:/	/tə/
for	/fɔ:r/	/fər/
from	/frʌm/	/frəm/

/	强读式	弱读式
but	/bʌt/	/bət/
and	/ænd/	/ənd/ /ən/
that	/ðæt/	/ðət/

/	强读式	弱读式
are	/a:r/	/ər/
was	/wʌz/	/wəz/

/	强读式	弱读式
do	/du:/	/də/
can	/kæn/	/kən/

1. Please come home as soon as possible
2. He will come to China
3. That’s all for today.
4. Where are you from? I’m from New York.
5. Anything but that.
6. Ladies and gentlemen…
7. I know that he had it.
8. How are you doing?
9. I was doing sports at that time.
10. What do you want?
11. I can do it!

弱读原则二: /h/音的消失

一些虚词省略辅音/h/

/	强读式	弱读式
he	/hi:/	/i/
him	/him/	/im/
his	/hiz/	/iz/
her	/hɜ:r/	/ər/

He, His, Her在句首不弱读
I know he/i/ doesn’t like him/im/.
That should be his/iz/ mother.
His/hiz/ mother would not have recognized him/im/.

Send her/ər/ away.

/	强读式	弱读式
have	/hæv/	/əv/
has	/hæz/	/əz/
had	/hæd/	/əd/

Our guests have/əv/ arrived.
She has/əz/ come.
Fifty minutes had/əd/ gone by.

总结

1. 元音不饱满, 元音要弱化成 /ə/
   to -> /tə/ but -> /bət/ can -> /kən/
2. /h/音的消失
   he, him, his, her

美式发音 vs. 英式发音

区别一: 字母 R 的发音

/	美式	英式
bird	/bɜ:rd/	/bɜ:d/
car	/ka:r/	/ka:/
park	/pa:rk/	/pa:k/

peter
work
center

区别二: 字母 A 的发音

/	美式	英式
class	/kæls/	/kla:s/
fast	/fæst/	/fa:st/
dance	/dæns/	/da:ns/

can’t

例外:
cat father 美英相同

区别三: 字母 O 的发音

hot
美/ha:t/ 英/hɔt/

pot
Potter
honest
coffee

区别四: 字母 ARY 的发音

military
美/eri/ 英/əri/
ordinary
necessary
primary

总结

英美发音的四大区别
[R] [A] [O] [ARY]

印度口音

窍门: T读成D
tech -> dek
talking to you -> dalking do you
take -> dake
thank -> dank

澳洲口音

窍门一: /ei/ -> /ai/
take favorite today
窍门二: /e/ -> /i/
Eminem

Linking

连续/吞音/变音/加音

1. this afternoon
2. Have a good night
3. Good luck on the test
4. did you -> di jou
5. don’t you -> don chou

vowel + vowel

y/e +(y)

6. He (y)asker for permission.
7. The meeting is the day (y)after tomorrow.
8. Let’s try (y)again later.
9. My car is very (y)old.

o + (w)

10. My car is so (w)old.
    11.Kids grow (w)up so quickly.
11. Do you know (w)anyone that can help?
12. I wanted to (w)ask if you have time.

deleting ‘t’

consonant + 't ’ + consonant

13. Her first day of school is tomorrow
14. I left my key in the car
15. We are best friends.

deleting ‘t’

n’t ’ + vowel

16. The patient asked for another pillow.
17. The accident occurred in the morning
18. The president announced the tax cuts.

deleting ‘t’

n’d ’ + consonant

19. Could you hand me that pen?
20. Please stand back from the yellow line.
21. We are planning a big weekend project.

Linking same consonant

t + t -> (hold)t

I had a flat tire.

k/c + k/c -> (hold)k/c

The black car is mine.

Linking same affricates

这里的摩擦读音不能够省略,都要读出来
I’ll have some orange juice.
Which chair would you like to sit in?

vowel + t + vowel

t -> d

1. I 'll pick it up after work.
2. Take it easy.
3. She wrote a book about it.
4. It’s not easy to get up that early.

vowel/m,n,r,l + t = consonant

Pronounce t as a glottal stop

1. I’ll have some chocolate chip cookies.
2. I don’t see the problem.
3. Do you want some tea?
4. He’s quite different from his brother.