可重入锁：ReentrantLock理解使用

（一）可重入性

可重入性描述这样的一个问题：一个线程在持有一个锁的时候，它内部能否再次（多次）申请该锁。如果一个线程已经获得了锁，其内部还可以多次申请该锁成功。那么我们就称该锁为可重入锁。通过以下伪代码说明：

void methodA(){
    lock.lock(); // 获取锁
    methodB();
    lock.unlock() // 释放锁
}

void methodB(){
    lock.lock(); // 获取锁
    // 其他业务
    lock.unlock();// 释放锁
}

可重入锁可以理解为锁的一个标识。该标识具备计数器功能。标识的初始值为0，表示当前锁没有被任何线程持有。每次线程获得一个可重入锁的时候，该锁的计数器就被加1。每次一个线程释放该所的时候，该锁的计数器就减1。前提是：当前线程已经获得了该锁，是在线程的内部出现再次获取锁的场景

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（二）Lock接口，ReentrantLock说明

2.1 Lock接口说明

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
void	lock()	获取锁
void	lockInterruptibly()	除非当前线程被中断，否则获取锁定
Condition	newCondition()	返回绑定到此Lock实例的新Condition实例
boolean	tryLock()	只有在调用时它是空闲的才能获取锁
boolean	tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit)	如果在给定的等待时间内空闲并且当前线程未被中断，则获取锁
void	unlock()	释放锁

2.2 ReentrantLock实现说明

ReentrantLock是Lock接口的一个实现类。为了演示Lock接口的方法，我们以ReentrantLock作为示例说明。

2.2.1 lock(),unlock()方法说明

该demo模拟电影院的售票情况,tickets总票数。开启了10个窗口售票，售完为止

public class ReentrantLockDemo01 implements Runnable {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    private int tickets = 200;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            lock.lock(); // 获取锁
            try {
                if (tickets > 0) {
                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + tickets--);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock(); // 释放所
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantLockDemo01 reentrantLockDemo = new ReentrantLockDemo01();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Thread thread = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread" + i);
            thread.start();
        }
    }
}

2.2.2 lockInterruptibly()方法说明

从Lock的源码可以看出：lockInterruptibly() 抛出中断异常

void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException;

在synchronize关键字中，同步代码块发送阻塞的情况，例如：wait(),sleep(),jion()等情况下，可以被中断。中断并不意味着线程已经终止

代码示例如下：

public class ReentrantLockDemo02 implements Runnable {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            lock.lockInterruptibly();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " running");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " finished");
            lock.unlock();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " interrupted");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantLockDemo02 reentrantLockDemo = new ReentrantLockDemo02();
        Thread thread01 = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread01");
        Thread thread02 = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread02");
        thread01.start();
        thread02.start();
        thread02.interrupt();
    }
}

输出结果：

thread01 running
thread02 interrupted
thread01 finished

从输出结果可以看出，thread01正常结束程序，thread02被中断程序，执行catch中的代码块

2.2.3 tryLock(),tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit)方法说明

tryLock()方法立刻返回当前获取情况。

tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit)等待一定的时间，返回获取情况

public class ReentrantLockDemo03 implements Runnable {

    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            if (lock.tryLock(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获取当前lock锁");
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
            } else {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 获取锁失败");
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantLockDemo03 reentrantLockDemo = new ReentrantLockDemo03();
        Thread thread01 = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread01");
        Thread thread02 = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread02");
        thread01.start();
        thread02.start();
    }
}

2.2.4 newCondition() 方法说明

目前只是对newCondition()使用方式进行说明，没有深入的分析Condition()的实现源码。
Condition的作用是对锁进行更精确的控制。Condition中的await()方法相当于Object的wait()方法，Condition中的signal()方法相当于Object的notify()方法，Condition中的signalAll()相当于Object的notifyAll()方法。不同的是，Object中的wait(),notify(),notifyAll()方法是和"同步锁"(synchronized关键字)捆绑使用的；而Condition是需要与"互斥锁"/"共享锁"捆绑使用的。

public class ProducerConsumerTest {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    private Condition addCondition = lock.newCondition();

    private Condition removeCondition = lock.newCondition();

    private LinkedList<Integer> resources = new LinkedList<>();

    private int maxSize;

    public ProducerConsumerTest(int maxSize) {
        this.maxSize = maxSize;
    }


    public class Producer implements Runnable {

        private int proSize;

        private Producer(int proSize) {
            this.proSize = proSize;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                for (int i = 1; i < proSize; i++) {
                    while (resources.size() >= maxSize) {
                        System.out.println("当前仓库已满，等待消费...");
                        try {
                            addCondition.await();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.println("已经生产产品数: " + i + "\t现仓储量总量:" + resources.size());
                    resources.add(i);
                    removeCondition.signal();
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }

        }
    }

    public class Consumer implements Runnable {

        @Override
        public void run() {
            String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            while (true) {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    while (resources.size() <= 0) {
                        System.out.println(threadName + " 当前仓库没有产品，请稍等...");
                        try {
                            // 进入阻塞状态
                            removeCondition.await();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    // 消费数据
                    int size = resources.size();
                    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                        Integer remove = resources.remove();
                        System.out.println(threadName + " 当前消费产品编号为：" + remove);
                    }
                    // 唤醒生产者
                    addCondition.signal();
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ProducerConsumerTest producerConsumerTest = new ProducerConsumerTest(10);
        Producer producer = producerConsumerTest.new Producer(100);
        Consumer consumer = producerConsumerTest.new Consumer();
        final Thread producerThread = new Thread(producer, "producer");
        final Thread consumerThread = new Thread(consumer, "consumer");
        producerThread.start();
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
        consumerThread.start();
    }
}