【理论准备】
几个概念:
反射器RR:在路由器上配置了反射器命令的路由器就是反射器RR
客户机:所有的客户机与反射器建立了IBGP连接,但是客户机并不知道自己是客户机,比如在分级反射器中,二级的反射器也是一级的客户机。
集群:路由器反射器和它的客户机一起组成的组
非客户机:既不是反射器也不是客户机的路由器
非客户机与RR,以及非客户机之间必须建立全连接
RR收到IBGP发来的路由时,首先使用BGP选择路由的策略选最佳路由,在公布学到的路由时,RR按照RFC2796中的规则来发布路由
1、从非客户机对等体学到的路由 ,发布给引RR的所有的客户机
2、从客户机学到的路由,发布给引RR的所有非客户机和客户机
3、从EBGP对等体学到的路由,发布给所有的客户机和非客户机
【组网拓扑】
R5、R1、R2、R4之间如下方式连接起来,各接口ip如图所示
本文实验采用的交换机是H3C模拟器,下载地址如下:http://forum.h3c.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=109740&highlight=H3C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E5%99%A8
有兴趣的朋友可以在论坛上去下载。
【配置步骤】
先将接口IP(略)
【BGP的相关配置】
R5:
bgp 100
network 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
undo synchronization
peer 10.1.2.2 as-number 200
group in internal
group ex external
peer 10.1.2.2 group ex
R1:
bgp 200
undo synchronization
peer 10.1.2.1 as-number 100
group in internal
peer 10.1.3.2 group in
group ex external
peer 10.1.2.1 group ex
R2:
bgp 200
undo synchronization
group in internal
peer 10.1.3.1 group in
peer 10.1.4.2 group in
#
R4:
bgp 200
undo synchronization
group in internal
peer 10.1.4.1 group in
【实验步骤】
1、配置完成后请看路由表:
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.2.1 S0/6/3
10.1.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.2.2 S0/6/3
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
[R2]dis ip ro
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 8 Routes : 8
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.3.2 S0/6/0
10.1.3.1/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.3.1 S0/6/0
10.1.3.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.1 S0/6/1
10.1.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.2 S0/6/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
[R4-bgp]dis ip ro
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.2 S0/6/1
10.1.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.1 S0/6/1
10.1.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.5.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
[R1-bgp]dis ip ro
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 9 Routes : 9
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.1.1/32 BGP 255 0 10.1.2.1 S0/6/3
10.1.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.2.2 S0/6/3
10.1.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.2.1 S0/6/3
10.1.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.3.1 S0/6/0
10.1.3.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.3.2/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.3.2 S0/6/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
从四张路由表中可知,只有R1学到了R5上10.1.1.1的路由。
2、next-hop-local 命令应用分析:
[R2]
[R2]dis ip ro
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 8 Routes : 8
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.3.2 S0/6/0
10.1.3.1/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.3.1 S0/6/0
10.1.3.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.1 S0/6/1
10.1.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.2 S0/6/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
路由表中没有
Total Number of Routes: 1
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.4.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
i 10.1.1.1/32 10.1.2.1 0 100 0 100i
BGP路由表中有,但是不是最佳的,没有写入路由表
[R1-bgp]peer 10.1.3.2 next-hop-local
[R2]dis ip ro
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 9 Routes : 9
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.1.1/32 BGP 255 0 10.1.3.1 S0/6/0
10.1.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.3.2 S0/6/0
10.1.3.1/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.3.1 S0/6/0
10.1.3.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.1 S0/6/1
10.1.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.2 S0/6/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
[R2]dis bgp ro
Total Number of Routes: 1
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.4.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.1.1.1/32 10.1.3.1 0 100 0 100i
路由表中有,并且是最佳合法的。
[R2]
在R1上没有配置next-hop-local时,R2无路由,R1上配置了next-hop-local后,R2上有路由,缺省情况下,向EBGP对等体/对等体组发布路由时,将自身地址作为下一跳;向IBGP对
等体/对等体组发布路由时,不将自身地址作为下一跳。
3、配置反射器
配置前我们来看R4的情况
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.2 S0/6/1
10.1.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.1 S0/6/1
10.1.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.5.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
Total Number of Routes: 0
将R2作为反射器,因为只有他与区域内的其他路由器建立了全连接
bgp 200视图下加入如下命令:
peer 10.1.3.1 reflect-client
peer 10.1.4.2 reflect-client
配置完成后我们来看R4的情况
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.2 S0/6/1
10.1.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.4.1 S0/6/1
10.1.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.1.5.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
Total Number of Routes: 1
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.5.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
i 10.1.1.1/32 10.1.3.1 0 100 0 100i
配置完成后学到了10.1.1.1的路由!