一、实验目标
- 掌握OSPF协议的配置方法；
- 掌握查看通过动态路由协议OSPF学习产生的路由；
- 熟悉广域网线缆的连接方式；
二、实验背景
假设某公司通过一台三层交换机连到公司出口路由器上，路由器再和公司外的另一台路由器连接。现要做适当配置，实现公司内部主机与公司外部主机之间的相互通信。为了简化网管的管理维护工作，公司决定采用OSPF协议实现互通。
三、技术原理
OSPF开放式最短路径优先协议，是目前网络中应用最广泛的路由协议之一。属于内部网关路由协议，能够适应各种规模的网络环境，是典型的链路状态协议。OSPF路由协议通过向全网扩散设备的链路状态信息，使网络中每台设备最终同步一个具有全网链路状态的数据库，然后路由器采用SPF算法，以自己为根，计算到达其他网络的最短路径，最终形成全网路由信息。
四、实验步骤
实验拓扑
1、在三层交换机上划分VLAN10和VLAN20，其中VLAN10用于连接校园网主机，VLAN20用于连接R1；
2、路由器之间通过V.35电缆通过串口连接，DCE端连接在R1上，配置其时间频率为64000；
3、主机和交换机通过直连线连接，主机与路由器通过交叉线连接；
4、在S3560上配置OSPF路由协议；
5、在路由器R1、R2上配置OSPF路由协议；
6、将PC1、PC2主机默认网关分别设置为与直连网络设备接口IP地址；
7、验证PC1、PC2主机之间可以互相通信；
S3560:
Switch>en Switch#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname S3560 S3560(config)#vlan 10 S3560(config-vlan)#exit S3560(config)#vlan 20 S3560(config-vlan)#exit S3560(config)#interface fa0/10 S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 S3560(config-if)#exit S3560(config)#interface fa0/20 S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 S3560(config-if)#exit S3560(config)#interface vlan 10 S3560(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 S3560(config-if)#exit S3560(config)#interface vlan 20 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 S3560(config-if)#exit S3560(config)#router ospf ? <1-65535> Process ID S3560(config)#router ospf 1 S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 ? A.B.C.D OSPF wild card bits S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ? area Set the OSPF area ID S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area ? <0-4294967295> OSPF area ID as a decimal value A.B.C.D OSPF area ID in IP address format S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 S3560(config-router)#end S3560# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console S3560#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20 S3560# 00:10:01: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.4.1 on Vlan20 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done S3560#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10 O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/783] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:00, Vlan20 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20 O 192.168.4.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.3.2, 00:01:40, Vlan20 S3560#
R1:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface fa0/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface serial 2/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#
00:09:57: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.3.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R1(config-router)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
00:12:53: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.4.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.3.1, 00:02:58, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.4.2, 00:00:02, Serial2/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#
R2:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface fa0/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 2/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/783] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:01, Serial2/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:01, Serial2/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#
五、测试
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1
PC>ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 11ms, Maximum = 15ms, Average = 13ms
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