spring boot之所以能够自动配置bean,是通过基于条件来配置Bean的能力实现的。
常用的条件注解如下
@ConditionalOnBean:当容器里存在指定的Bean的条件下
@ConditionalOnClass:当前类路径下存在指定的类的条件下
@ConditionalOnExpression:基于SpEL表达式作为判断条件
@ConditionalOnJava:基于JVM版本作为判断条件
@ConditionalOnJndi:在JNDI存在的条件下查找指定的位置
@ConditionalOnMissingBean:当容器里没有指定的Bean的条件下
@ConditionalOnMissingClass:当前类路径下没有指定的类的条件下
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication:当前项目不是web项目的条件下
@ConditionalOnProperty:指定的属性是否有指定的值的条件下
@ConditionalOnResource:类路径下是否有指定的值
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate:指定Bean在容器中只有一个,或者虽然有多个但是指定首选的Bean
@ConditionalOnWebApplication:当前项目是Web项目的条件下
这些注解都组合了@Conditional注解,只是使用了不同的条件。
接下来我们自己写一个自动配置,并且封装成starter pom。
首先创建maven工程,导入以下依赖:
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-autoconfigure 1.3.8.RELEASE
工程结构如下
创建AuthorProperties类,作为配置信息的载体
package com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="author")//指定配置内容的前缀
public class AuthorProperties {
private static final String NAME = "微儿博客";
private static final int AGE = 18;
private String name = NAME;//默认为微儿博客
private int age = AGE;//默认为18
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
创建AuthorService类,作为Bean
package com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello;
public class AuthorService {
private String name;
private int age;
public String who(){
return "name:"+name+",age:"+age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
创建配置类AuthorServiceAutoConfiguration,负责配置Bean
package com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration//声明配置类
@EnableConfigurationProperties(AuthorProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(AuthorService.class)//类路径下存在AuthorService类的条件下
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix="author",value="enabled",matchIfMissing=true)//在前缀为author的配置为enabled的情况下,即author=enabled,没有配置默认为enabled
public class AuthorServiceAutoConfiguration {
@Autowired
private AuthorProperties authorProperties;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(AuthorService.class)//容器中没有AuthorService的Bean的条件下配置该Bean
public AuthorService authorService(){
AuthorService authorService = new AuthorService();
authorService.setName(authorProperties.getName());
authorService.setAge(authorProperties.getAge());
return authorService;
}
}
若想自动配置生效,需要注册自动配置类。在src/main/resources下创建META-INF/spring.factories文件,并写入以下内容:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello.AuthorServiceAutoConfiguration
若有多个自动配置类,则用","隔开,此处“\”是为了换行后仍能读到属性。
以上操作完成后执行maven install。
然后在Spring Boot项目中引入该依赖:
com.springboot springboot-starter-hello 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
新建AutoConfig类:
package com.springboot.autoconfig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello.AuthorService;
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class AutoConfig {
@Autowired
private AuthorService authorService;
@RequestMapping("/")
public String who(){
return authorService.who();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AutoConfig.class, args);
}
}
运行该类,访问localhost:8080,出现如下结果:
接下来在src/main/resources下新建application.properties文件,写入以下内容:
author.name=weare
author.age=19
重新运行AutoConfig类: