Oracle 12c Data Guard 纯小白部署手册

子公司需要搭建数据仓库，并且新建ADG作为主从，硬件设备Dell R730机器；
192.168.1.11 dwjrdb --主库
192.168.1.12 dwjrstdyd --备库
--数据库软件：linuxx64_12201_database.zip
--数据库补丁包：p27105253_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
--Opatch升级包：p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
--目录规划为/u01存放归档日志，数据文件等，目录6.6TB空间

一、数据库安装实施步骤如下：
1、关闭防火墙：
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
chkconfig NetworkManager off

2、配置主机名和IP地址对应关系
vi /etc/hosts 添加如下内容

192.168.1.11 dwjrdb
192.168.1.12 dwjrstdydb

修改主备库两端主机名
/etc/hostname
dwjrdb

/etc/hostname
dwjrstdydb

3、安装依赖包：(oracle linux 7.2依赖包如下，具体可参考官方文档)

yum clean all
yum install -y binutils-
yum install -y compat-libcap1-
yum install -y compat-libstdc
yum install -y glibc-
yum install -y glibc-devel-
yum install -y ksh
yum install -y libaio-
yum install -y libaio-devel
yum install -y libX11-
yum install -y libXau-
yum install -y libXi-
yum install -y libXtst-
yum install -y libgcc-
yum install -y libstdc
yum install -y libstdc++-devel
yum install -y libxcb-
yum install -y make
yum install -y nfs-utils-
yum install -y net-tools-
yum install -y smartmontools-
yum install -y sysstat-
yum install -y compat-libcap1
yum install -y sysstat-
yum install -y libaio-devel-
yum install -y compat-libcap1-*

4、关闭transparent hugepages，设置hugepages
查看transparent hugepage
Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernels:

cat /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled

Other kernels:

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

oracle linux 7.2 没有开启transparent hugepages，忽略。

5、添加NTP时间同步，root下执行
[root@dwjrdb ~]# crontab -l
/5 * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 1.1.1.1 >/dev/null 2>&1

6、用户和组：
groupadd -g 501 oinstall
groupadd -g 502 dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
groupadd -g 504 backupdba
groupadd -g 505 dgdba
groupadd -g 506 kmdba
groupadd -g 507 racdba

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 500 -g oinstall -G oinstall,dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba oracle

7、目录：
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1

mkdir -p /u01/arch
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/arch
chmod -R 775 /u01/arch

备库
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb

8、环境变量

主库：
export ORACLE_SID=dwjrdb
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
umask 022
stty erase ^h

备库：
export PATH
export ORACLE_SID=dwjrstdydb
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
umask 022
stty erase ^h

9、内核参数：

vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmax = 236223201280
kernel.shmall = 57671680
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 5010 641280 5010 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=1048576
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
vm.swappiness = 0
vm.nr_hugepages = 62850

--保存生效
/sbin/sysctl -p

10、限制文件：/etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

11、vi /etc/pam.d/login文件
session required pam_limits.so

vi /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi

12、启动图形化窗口执行databas建库脚本
a》error启动不起来设定export DISPLAY=:11未果；

b》直接用xmanager登陆oracle用户，执行安装脚本可以；

13、创建完成后，dbca建库、netca创建监听

14、备库端只装sqlplus软件不建库

15、修改数据库参数
alter system set open_cursors=500 container=all;
alter system set processes=5000 scope=spfile;
alter system set db_files=5000 scope=spfile;
alter system set undo_retention=7200 scope=spfile;
alter system set "_undo_autotune"=FALSE scope=spfile;
alter system set DEFERRED_SEGMENT_CREATION=false scope=spfile;

16、更新OPatch版本，OPatch直接压缩替换，并且将patch打上。
1.(1) 上传p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip到/u01/software目录下, /u01/software给777权限。
(2) root用户下将原OPatch目录改名。

mv /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/OPatch /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/OPatchBAK

2. oracle目录OPatch替换
   (1) root用户

cd /u01/software/;chown oracle:oinstall p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

(2) oracle用户

su - oracle cd /u01/software/ ; unzip p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

(3) root用户

cd /u01/software/; mv OPatch /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/

(4) oracle用户测试

su - oracle /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/OPatch/opatch version

打补丁
[oracle@dwjrdb 27105253]$ cd /software/27105253
[oracle@dwjrdb 27105253]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply

17、设定pdb随cdb启动参数
alter pluggable database all save state;

18、添加数据文件参考现历史库

--CDB--
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/system01.dbf' RESIZE 1024M;
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/undotbs01.dbf' RESIZE 5120M;
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/users01.dbf' RESIZE 1024M;
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/sysaux01.dbf' RESIZE 8192M;
ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/temp01.dbf' RESIZE 1024M;

--pdb
alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/system01.dbf' resize 1024M;
alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/users01.dbf' resize 5120M;
alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/sysaux01.dbf' resize 20480M;
alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/undotbs01.dbf' resize 30720M;
alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/temp01.dbf' resize 30720M;
--参考数据中心库新增数据文件
ALTER TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 ADD DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/undotbs02.dbf' SIZE 30720M;
ALTER TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 ADD DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/undotbs03.dbf' SIZE 30720M;
ALTER TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 ADD DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/undotbs04.dbf' SIZE 30720M;
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/temp02.dbf' SIZE 30720M;
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/temp03.dbf' SIZE 30720M;
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/dwjrdbpdb/temp04.dbf' SIZE 30720M;

--添加redo日志，初始化redo太小，并将redo组1-3全部剔除
alter database add logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo04a.log')size 1024M;
alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo04b.log' to group 4;
alter database add logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo05a.log')size 1024M;
alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo05b.log' to group 5;
--剔除redo组1-3，查看redo状态为INACTIVE即可drop
select GROUP#,STATUS,MEMBERS from v$log;
alter database drop logfile group 1;
alter database drop logfile group 2;
alter database drop logfile group 3; 一直是current，将组1,2回切
[oracle@dwjrdb ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/
[oracle@dwjrdb dwjrdb]$ rm -rf redo01.log redo02.log
alter database add logfile group 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo01a.log')size 1024M;
alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo01b.log' to group 1;
alter database add logfile group 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo02a.log')size 1024M;
alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo02b.log' to group 2;
alter database drop logfile group 3; --切日志后日志不活动
[oracle@dwjrdb ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/
[oracle@dwjrdb dwjrdb]$ rm -rf redo03.log
alter database add logfile group 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo03a.log')size 1024M;
alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/redo03b.log' to group 3;

--增加控制文件--
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/control02.ctl
--加控制文件
alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/control03.ctl' scope=spfile;

shutdown immediate;
cp control01.ctl control03.ctl
startup
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/control02.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/control03.ctl

二、ADG的搭建步骤

192.168.1.11 dwjrdb --主库

192.168.1.12 dwjrstdydb --备库—安装数据库软件，等配置dg后将数据库升级opatch并打补丁

1、修改主备监听文件
主库： listener.ora

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dwjrdb)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrdb)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrdb)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrstdydb)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrstdydb)
)
)

如果配置broker的话，需要新增listener.ora中
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrdb_DGMGRL)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrdb)
)

--tnsnames.ora

dwjrdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.11)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dwjrdb)
)
)

dwjrstdydb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.12)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dwjrstdydb)
)
)

--备库

--listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrdb)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrdb)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrstdydb)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrstdydb)
)
)

--tnsnames.ora

dwjrdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.11)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dwjrdb)
)
)

dwjrstdydb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1192.168.1.12)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = dwjrstdydb)
)
)

--重新启动主备库监听
lsnrctl reload

--测试

tnsping dwjrdb
tnsping dwjrstdydb
sqlplus sys/VgdAJ9ZeNw2B@dwjrdb as sysdba
sqlplus sys/VgdAJ9ZeNw2B@dwjrstdydb as sysdba

2、修改主库必要参数（CDB中执行即可）

select force_logging from v$database; --查询是否开启

alter database force logging;--开启强制记录日志

alter database archivelog;--开启归档

alter system set standby_file_management=auto;--手动

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=dwjrdb' scope=spfile;--开启本地归档

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dwjrstdydb LGWR ASYNC valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=dwjrstdydb' scope=spfile;--开启远程归档

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(dwjrdb,dwjrstdydb)';--开启DG功能

alter system set fal_client='dwjrdb';--指定源端

alter system set fal_server='dwjrstdydb';--指定目标端

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;--启动应用

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;--启动应用

alter system set log_archiveformat='dwjrdb%t%s_%r.dbf' scope=spfile;--指定归档文件形式

--源端--先写备端地址，在写源端地址

alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/' scope=spfile;

select bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;--查询日志大小

select member from v$logfile;--查询日志位置

select GROUP#,BYTES/1024/1024/1024 G from v$log;--查询组的个数，以及大小

select group#,thread#,members,archived,status from v$log;--查询当前使用的是那个日志组

--添加 standby logfile

alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby06a.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby06b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby07a.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby07b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile group 8 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby08a.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby08b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile group 9 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby09a.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby09b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile group 10 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby10a.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby10b.log') size 1G ;
alter database add standby logfile group 11 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby11a.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb/standby11b.log') size 1G ;

---重启主库数据库，使修改参数生效

shut immediate;

startup

---生成 pfile 文件

create pfile from spfile;

---传递密码文件

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

scp orapwdwjrdb 192.168.1.12:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwdwjrstdydb

---传递参数文件
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
scp initdwjrdb.ora 192.168.1.12:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/dbs/initdwjrstdydb.ora

3、修改备库参数文件initteststdydb.ora相关参数

--创建audit_file_dest 目录（改成备库的）

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/dwjrstdydb/adump

--创建control_files 路径

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb

--修改db_file_name_convert、log_file_name_convert 路径

.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb'
.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb'

--添加db_unique_name参数

*.db_unique_name='dwjrstdydb'

---修改下列参数

.fal_client='dwjrstdydb'
.fal_server='dwjrdb'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=dwjrstdydb'

*.log_archive_dest_2=''

*.log_archiveformat='dwjrstdydb%t%s%r.arc'

--修改备库控制文件的路径，因为是复制过来的，控制文件目录还是原端的

--启动备库到nomount

startup nomount;

4、主库执行恢复操作

rman target sys/VgdAJ9ZeNw2B@dwjrdb auxiliary sys/VgdAJ9ZeNw2B@dwjrstdydb

duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;
--返回结果
datafile 10 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=980117877 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb/dwjrdbpdb/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 11 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=980117877 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb/dwjrdbpdb/users01.dbf
datafile 12 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=980117877 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb/dwjrdbpdb/undotbs02.dbf
datafile 13 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=13 STAMP=980117877 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb/dwjrdbpdb/undotbs03.dbf
datafile 14 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=14 STAMP=980117877 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb/dwjrdbpdb/undotbs04.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 29-JUN-18

---上面操作完成，备库就处于mount状态

alter database open;---起主库

---备库应用日志

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;---取消应用

--查询备库日志是否应用

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

---查询备库进程是否正常

select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;

SQL> select process, status, thread#,sequence#, block#, blocks from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS STATUS THREAD# SEQUENCE# BLOCK# BLOCKS

---

MRP0 APPLYING_LOG 1 110 86 2097152

---查询主备库状态

select DATABASE_ROLE,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;

5、验证

--创建一个测试表a；进行增删改操作；在备库验证是否同步
create table a(a int);

三、配置dg borker
1、修改主备库监听文件，tns文件。

主库listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrdb)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrdb)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrstdydb)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrstdydb)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrdb_DGMGRL)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrdb)
)
)

备库listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrdb)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrdb)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrstdydb)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrstdydb)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =dwjrstdydb_DGMGRL)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = dwjrstdydb)
)
)

主库tnsname文件中pdb是初建时候ip为11.11
[oracle@dwjrdb ~]$ more /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
DWJRDBPDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.11)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = DWJRDBPDB)
)
)
备库tnsnames。ora文件中是初建时候，所以ip为11.11，改为11.12
[oracle@dwjrstdydb admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
DWJRDBPDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.12)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = DWJRDBPDB)
)
)

2、两边实例均 设置dg_broker_start=true;
primary :
alter system set dg_broker_start=true;

standby :
alter system set dg_broker_start=true;

dgmgrl sys/VgdAJ9ZeNw2B@dwjrdb
create CONFIGURATION dwjrdb_dg as primary database is dwjrdb CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS dwjrdb;
add database dwjrstdydb as CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS dwjrstdydb MAINTAINED AS PHYSICAL;
enable configuration;
show configuration;
switchover to dwjrstdydb;
switchover to dwjrdb;
show database verbose dwjrstdydb

--下面执行过程发现报错，备库用的是主库的pfile直接修改，但是主库是spfile，备库是pfile
[oracle@dwjrdb ~]$ dgmgrl sys/VgdAJ9ZeNw2B@dwjrdb
DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 2 10:48:32 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information.
Connected to "dwjrdb"
Connected as SYSDBA.
DGMGRL> create CONFIGURATION dwjrdb_dg as primary database is dwjrdb CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS dwjrdb;
Configuration "dwjrdb_dg" created with primary database "dwjrdb"
DGMGRL> add database dwjrstdydb as CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS dwjrstdydb MAINTAINED AS PHYSICAL;
Database "dwjrstdydb" added
DGMGRL> enable configuration;
Enabled.
DGMGRL> show configuration;

Configuration - dwjrdb_dg

Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
Members:
dwjrdb - Primary database
dwjrstdydb - Physical standby database
Error: ORA-16797: member is not using a server parameter file

Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED

Configuration Status:
ERROR (status updated 1 second ago)

DGMGRL>

--两边的参数文件不一致，主库是spfile，备库是pfile，所以生成备库的spfile，然后重启实例；

DGMGRL> remove database dwjrdb;

DGMGRL> remove database dwjrstdydb;

DGMGRL> remove configuration;

--删掉后备库参数dg_broker_start失效，且报错；
SQL> show parameter dg_broker_start

NAME TYPE VALUE

---

dg_broker_start boolean FALSE
SQL> alter system set dg_broker_start=true;
--重新执行上面的命令
create CONFIGURATION dwjrdb_dg as primary database is dwjrdb CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS dwjrdb;
add database dwjrstdydb as CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS dwjrstdydb MAINTAINED AS PHYSICAL;
enable configuration;
--具体过程
[oracle@dwjrdb trace]$ dgmgrl sys/VgdAJ9ZeNw2B@dwjrdb
DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 2 14:55:53 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information.
Connected to "dwjrdb"
Connected as SYSDBA.
DGMGRL> add database dwjrstdydb as CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS dwjrstdydb MAINTAINED AS PHYSICAL;
Database "dwjrstdydb" added
DGMGRL> enable configuration;
Enabled.
DGMGRL> show configuration;

Configuration - dwjrdb_dg

Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
Members:
dwjrdb - Primary database
dwjrstdydb - Physical standby database (disabled)
ORA-16795: the standby database needs to be re-created --新报错

Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED

Configuration Status:
SUCCESS (status updated 5 seconds ago)

DGMGRL> show database dwjrstdydb

Database - dwjrstdydb

Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY
Intended State: APPLY-ON
Transport Lag: (unknown)
Apply Lag: (unknown)
Average Apply Rate: (unknown)
Real Time Query: OFF
Instance(s):
dwjrstdydb

Database Status:
ORA-16795: the standby database needs to be re-created
--解决方法
DGMGRL> enable database dwjrstdydb
Enabled.
DGMGRL> show database dwjrstdydb

Database - dwjrstdydb

Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY
Intended State: APPLY-ON
Transport Lag: 0 seconds (computed 8 seconds ago)
Apply Lag: 0 seconds (computed 8 seconds ago)
Average Apply Rate: 5.00 KByte/s
Real Time Query: ON
Instance(s):
dwjrstdydb

Database Status:
SUCCESS

DGMGRL> show database verbose dwjrstdydb

Database - dwjrstdydb

Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY
Intended State: APPLY-ON
Transport Lag: 0 seconds (computed 11 seconds ago)
Apply Lag: 0 seconds (computed 11 seconds ago)
Average Apply Rate: 5.00 KByte/s
Active Apply Rate: (unknown)
Maximum Apply Rate: (unknown)
Real Time Query: ON
Instance(s):
dwjrstdydb

Properties:
DGConnectIdentifier = 'dwjrstdydb'
ObserverConnectIdentifier = ''
LogXptMode = 'ASYNC'
RedoRoutes = ''
DelayMins = '0'
Binding = 'optional'
MaxFailure = '0'
MaxConnections = '1'
ReopenSecs = '300'
NetTimeout = '30'
RedoCompression = 'DISABLE'
LogShipping = 'ON'
PreferredApplyInstance = ''
ApplyInstanceTimeout = '0'
ApplyLagThreshold = '30'
TransportLagThreshold = '30'
TransportDisconnectedThreshold = '30'
ApplyParallel = 'AUTO'
ApplyInstances = '0'
StandbyFileManagement = 'AUTO'
ArchiveLagTarget = '0'
LogArchiveMaxProcesses = '4'
LogArchiveMinSucceedDest = '1'
DataGuardSyncLatency = '0'
DbFileNameConvert = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb'
LogFileNameConvert = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrdb, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dwjrstdydb'
FastStartFailoverTarget = ''
InconsistentProperties = '(monitor)'
InconsistentLogXptProps = '(monitor)'
SendQEntries = '(monitor)'
LogXptStatus = '(monitor)'
RecvQEntries = '(monitor)'
PreferredObserverHosts = ''
StaticConnectIdentifier = '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dwjrstdydb)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=dwjrstdydb_DGMGRL)(INSTANCENAME=dwjrstdydb)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))'
StandbyArchiveLocation = '/u01/arch'
AlternateLocation = ''
LogArchiveTrace = '0'
LogArchiveFormat = 'dwjrstdydb%t%s%r.arc'
TopWaitEvents = '(monitor)'

Log file locations:
Alert log : /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/dwjrstdydb/dwjrstdydb/trace/alert_dwjrstdydb.log
Data Guard Broker log : /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/dwjrstdydb/dwjrstdydb/trace/drcdwjrstdydb.log

Database Status:
SUCCESS

--切换将主库切到备库
switchover to dwjrstdydb;

DGMGRL> switchover to dwjrstdydb;
Performing switchover NOW, please wait...
Operation requires a connection to database "dwjrstdydb"
Connecting ...
Connected to "dwjrstdydb"
Connected as SYSDBA.
New primary database "dwjrstdydb" is opening...
Operation requires start up of instance "dwjrdb" on database "dwjrdb"
Starting instance "dwjrdb"...
ORACLE instance started.
Database mounted.
Database opened.
Connected to "dwjrdb"
Switchover succeeded, new primary is "dwjrstdydb"

switchover to dwjrdb;

DGMGRL> switchover to dwjrdb;
Performing switchover NOW, please wait...
New primary database "dwjrdb" is opening...
Operation requires start up of instance "dwjrstdydb" on database "dwjrstdydb"
Starting instance "dwjrstdydb"...
ORACLE instance started.
Database mounted.
Database opened.
Connected to "dwjrstdydb"
Switchover succeeded, new primary is "dwjrdb"

--测试删除testpdb
SQL> alter pluggable database TESTPDB close;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

---

     2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
     3 DWJRDBPDB                      READ WRITE NO
     5 TESTPDB                        MOUNTED

SQL> drop pluggable database TESTPDB including datafiles; --包括数据文件全部删除
备库查询
SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

---

     2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
     3 DWJRDBPDB                      READ ONLY  NO
     5 TESTPDB                        READ ONLY  NO

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

---

     2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
     3 DWJRDBPDB                      READ ONLY  NO

--创建home下的软连接
ln -s /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/dwjrdb/dwjrdb/trace trace

生产环境部署完成，该12C DG环境已经可以实现切换主备，数据同步一致。让小白参考此文档也可以搭出自己的DG~