oracle数据库使用dgbroker搭建DG以及一些常见的小问题

oracle DG：

英文全称dataguard

提供备份和灾难恢复

dg----必须要有两台数据库，一台主一台备，主备可以来回切换

dg功能

1.备份（硬件可以低于主库，软件可以不一致）

2.提供容灾（硬件必须不低于主库，软件路径版本必须一致）

3.读写分离（主库读写对外服务。备库只读）逻辑备库可以读，11g物理备库也可以读

4.可以做测试（快照备库可以读写，测试完了在将其转为物理备库，这时所做的测试操作全部丢失）

 

dg又分物理备库和逻辑备库（具体可以网上查询，不做详细介绍）

 

dg介绍

1.日志传输服务：定义主库日志通过什么方式，如何传递给备库

主库日志传递给备库时，使用什么进程去传递，通过lgwr进程传还是arc进程传，主库日志是否和备一致，主库日志和备是否可以有时间差

log_archive_config='dg_config(db_unique_name主send/nosend|receive/noreceive,db_unique_name备send/nosend|receive/noreceive)';

默认主库和备库send+receive即接受有传送

10g一个主库最多9个备库

11g一个主库最多30个备库

log_archive_dest_1='location='/'db_unique_name=pri'

log_archive_dest_2='service=service_name(默认闪回路径)  db_unique_name=std'

log_archive_dest_state_1=enable/disable

 

2.角色转换服务

switchover；自动转换，主库变备库，备库变主库，主库和备库都是正常的。（假如主库要升级，执行switchover将备库变成主库

关闭原来的主库，升级硬件，将原来的主库启动成备库，在执行switchover。）

failover ：故障转换，主库不可用并且短时间无法恢复，这时需要failover切换，直接将备库做主库，原来的主库不在是dg中的成员，

必须重新搭建dg，如果使用的是dgbroker，这时原来的主库要成为备库必须重新实例化。

 

3.数据保护

a---最大保护模式：可以保证数据0丢失

开启最大保护模式时，当用户在主库进行操做，改操作记录到主库redo中，这时redo必须传递到备库，并且保证至少要有一个备库日志可用

该事务在主库才能完成。如果备库不可用，这时主库就会当机

v$database--protection_mode

b---最大可用性模式

处于最大可用性模式时，主库什么时候转日志，备库就什么时间接收

c---最大性能模式

保证数据库的性能，也保证数据0丢失，如果备库不可使用，主库转为最大可用模式，备库可用，恢复到最大性能模式

 

dg搭建的方式

1.操作系统命令方式（不做介绍）

2.rman的方式

duplicate克隆技术

3.oem（不做介绍）

 

搭建dg的前的准备

SID统一为up

主库：db_unique_name=pri   192.168.3.98

从库：db_unique_name=std   192.168.3.99

测试软件  vmware 10   

测试环境 centos6.5

建议关闭selinux和iptables

环境变量：最好一致，写到bash_profile或者手动 source都可以

cat db

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/11g

export ORACLE_SID=up

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/oracle/bin

 

cat asm

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/grid

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/oracle/bin

 

主库操作：（主库首先需要搭建好oracle库，不会的可以去看我的上一篇博客http://blog.csdn.net/freedompuge/article/details/45028961）

1.主库必须归档

启动到mount状态

 alter databse archivelog开启归档

SQL> archive log list;    ===》显示enabled表示开启
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     8
Next log sequence to archive   10
Current log sequence           10

 

2.强制日志记录

select force_logging from v$database；

alter database force logging;开启强制记录

 

3.网络配置

vim listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File:/u01/11g/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

 (SID_LIST =

   (SID_DESC =

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = up)

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/11g)

     (SID_NAME = up)

    )

 

   (SID_DESC =

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = pri)

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/11g)

     (SID_NAME = up)

    )

 

   (SID_DESC =

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = pri_DGMGRL)  ---或者写pri_DGBROKER

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/11g)

     (SID_NAME = up)

    )

    )

LISTENER =

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.98)(PORT = 1521))

  )

 

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle

 

vim tnsname.ora-----tnsping ------如果不同可能是防火墙

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File:/u01/11g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

PRI =

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.98)(PORT = 1521))

   (CONNECT_DATA =

     (SERVER = DEDICATED)

     (SERVICE_NAME = pri)

    )

  )

 

STD =

 (DESCRIPTION =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.99)(PORT = 1521))

   (CONNECT_DATA =

     (SERVER = DEDICATED)

     (SERVICE_NAME = std)

    )

  )

 

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA=

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TPC)(KEY = EXTPROCO))

  )

 (CONNECT_DATA =

   (SID = PLSExtProc)

   (PRESENTATION = RO)

  )

  )

 

4.附加日志打开（可做可不做，逻辑备库必做）

alter database {add|drop} supplemental logdata

 

5.备份

rman全备一次

backup full database include current controlfile for

standby

 

6.闪回功能（不打开就是物理备库）

alter database flashback off;

7.修改参数

alter system set db_unique_name=pri  scope=spfile;   

重启数据库，创建pfile

Create pfile=’/……’ from spfile

alter system switch logfile;

8.在备份一次数据库

rman----backup database  在备份一次数据库

 

9.增加备库日志（备库日志比主库日志多一个）

group#---v$standby_log;---查看备库日志组

alter database add standby logfile group  5 '/u01/......sredo01.log' size 50m;

.....

 

 

备库操作：

1.安装一台和主库一模一样的环境

只装软件不建库（这里不详细介绍安装软件了）

 

2.scp主库密码，参数文件，监听等，拷贝到相应的路径下

scp root@ip:xxxx  /...

 

3.准备目录

grep / /…../init$ORACLE_SID.ora

根据显示的目录，创建路径

mkdir /u01/oracle/oradata/updb

/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/updb

/u01/oracle/admin/updb/{a,dp}dump -p

启动到nomount状态创建spfile---create spfile from pfile;

在到nomount状态修改unique_name,在重新启动到nomount

alter system set db_unique_name=std  scope=spfile;   

 

4.配置网络

vim listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File:/u01/11g/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

 (SID_LIST =

   (SID_DESC =

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = up)

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/11g)

     (SID_NAME = up)

    )

 

   (SID_DESC =

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = std)

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/11g)

     (SID_NAME = up)

    )

 

   (SID_DESC =

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = std_DGMGRL) ----std_DGBROKER

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/11g)

     (SID_NAME = up)

    )

    )

LISTENER =

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.99)(PORT = 1521))

  )

 

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle                          )

Vim tnsname.ora---与主库一样---防火墙关闭

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File:/u01/11g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

PRI =

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.98)(PORT = 1521))

   (CONNECT_DATA =

     (SERVER = DEDICATED)

     (SERVICE_NAME = pri)

    )

  )

 

STD =

 (DESCRIPTION =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.99)(PORT = 1521))

   (CONNECT_DATA =

     (SERVER = DEDICATED)

     (SERVICE_NAME = std)

    )

  )

 

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA=

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TPC)(KEY = EXTPROCO))

  )

 (CONNECT_DATA =

   (SID = PLSExtProc)

   (PRESENTATION = RO)

  )

  )

 

之后在主库和从库执行 tnsping pri（std）看能否成功或者执行sqlplus sys/oracle@pri(std)

 

5.备库执行克隆

rman target sys/oracle@pri auxiliarysys/oracle@std

duplicate target database for standbynofilenamecheck from active  database;

 

6.配置dgbroker

show parameter dg_broker_start---------true表示打开

alter system setdg_broker_start=true/false-----主库备库都打开

 

7.执行dgbroker配置dg

dgmgrl sys/oracle@pri---必须链接主库

CREATE CONFIGURATION dg_ps AS   ----随便起名字，不要忘记就行

   PRIMARY DATABASE IS pri      ----主库名

   CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS pri;

add databse std as connect identifier is std maintained as physical

 show  configuration

 enable configuration

 enabled失败，查看错误

DGMGRL> show configuration


Configuration - dg_ps


  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    pri - Primary database
    std - Physical standby database
      Error: ORA-16810: multiple errors or warnings detected for the database


Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED


Configuration Status:
ERROR

查看告警日志：

Fatal NI connect error 12514, connecting to:
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.6.246)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=std_DGB)(CID=(PROGRAM=oracle)(HOST=oracle2)(USER=oracle))))


  VERSION INFORMATION:
        TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
        TCP/IP NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
  Time: 25-MAY-2016 13:52:29
  Tracing not turned on.
  Tns error struct:
    ns main err code: 12564
    
TNS-12564: TNS:connection refused
    ns secondary err code: 0
    nt main err code: 0
    nt secondary err code: 0
    nt OS err code: 0
Wed May 25 13:52:43 2016
ARC0: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 150 for destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2

tns被拒绝，这个很不科学，既然duplicate都可以，怎么会是tns被拒绝呢？

接着查看：

主库：

DGMGRL> show database verbose pri    


Database - pri


  Role:            PRIMARY
  Intended State:  TRANSPORT-ON
  Instance(s):
    pu


  Properties:
    DGConnectIdentifier             = 'pri'
    ObserverConnectIdentifier       = ''
    LogXptMode                      = 'ASYNC'
    DelayMins                       = '0'
    Binding                         = 'optional'
    MaxFailure                      = '0'
    MaxConnections                  = '1'
    ReopenSecs                      = '300'
    NetTimeout                      = '30'
    RedoCompression                 = 'DISABLE'
    LogShipping                     = 'ON'
    PreferredApplyInstance          = ''
    ApplyInstanceTimeout            = '0'
    ApplyParallel                   = 'AUTO'
    StandbyFileManagement           = 'MANUAL'
    ArchiveLagTarget                = '0'
    LogArchiveMaxProcesses          = '4'
    LogArchiveMinSucceedDest        = '1'
    DbFileNameConvert               = '/u01/oracle/oradata/zhphpgg/, /u01/oracle/oradata/pu/'
    LogFileNameConvert              = 'zhphpgg, pu'
    FastStartFailoverTarget         = ''
    InconsistentProperties          = '(monitor)'
    InconsistentLogXptProps         = '(monitor)'
    SendQEntries                    = '(monitor)'
    LogXptStatus                    = '(monitor)'
    RecvQEntries                    = '(monitor)'
    SidName                         = 'pu'
    StaticConnectIdentifier         = '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle2)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=PRI_DGMGRL)(INSTANCE_NAME=pu)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))'
    StandbyArchiveLocation          = 'USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
    AlternateLocation               = ''
    LogArchiveTrace                 = '0'
    LogArchiveFormat                = '%t_%s_%r.dbf'
    TopWaitEvents                   = '(monitor)'


Database Status:
SUCCESS

pri端没有问题

DGMGRL> show database verbose std


Database - std


  Role:            PHYSICAL STANDBY
  Intended State:  APPLY-ON
  Transport Lag:   (unknown)
  Apply Lag:       (unknown)
  Real Time Query: OFF
  Instance(s):
    pu
      Warning: ORA-16714: the value of property StandbyFileManagement is inconsistent with the database setting
      Warning: ORA-16714: the value of property LogArchiveMaxProcesses is inconsistent with the database setting
      Warning: ORA-16714: the value of property LogArchiveMinSucceedDest is inconsistent with the database setting
      Warning: ORA-16714: the value of property LogArchiveTrace is inconsistent with the database setting


  Database Error(s):
    ORA-16766: Redo Apply is stopped


  Properties:
    DGConnectIdentifier             = 'std'
    ObserverConnectIdentifier       = ''
    LogXptMode                      = 'ASYNC'
    DelayMins                       = '0'
    Binding                         = 'optional'
    MaxFailure                      = '0'
    MaxConnections                  = '1'
    ReopenSecs                      = '300'
    NetTimeout                      = '30'
    RedoCompression                 = 'DISABLE'
    LogShipping                     = 'ON'
    PreferredApplyInstance          = ''
    ApplyInstanceTimeout            = '0'
    ApplyParallel                   = 'AUTO'
    StandbyFileManagement           = 'MANUAL'
    ArchiveLagTarget                = '0'
    LogArchiveMaxProcesses          = '4'
    LogArchiveMinSucceedDest        = '1'
    DbFileNameConvert               = ''
    LogFileNameConvert              = ''
    FastStartFailoverTarget         = ''
    InconsistentProperties          = '(monitor)'
    InconsistentLogXptProps         = '(monitor)'
    SendQEntries                    = '(monitor)'
    LogXptStatus                    = '(monitor)'
    RecvQEntries                    = '(monitor)'
    SidName                         = 'pu'
    StaticConnectIdentifier         = '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=STD_DGMGRL)(INSTANCE_NAME=pu)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))'
    StandbyArchiveLocation          = 'USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
    AlternateLocation               = ''
    LogArchiveTrace                 = '0'
    LogArchiveFormat                = '%t_%s_%r.dbf'
    TopWaitEvents                   = '(monitor)'


Database Status:
ERROR

从库查看dg信息

DGMGRL> show database verbose std
not logged on
DGMGRL> show database verbose pri
not logged on
DGMGRL> 

从库的dg信息

DGMGRL> show database verbose std
not logged on
DGMGRL> show database verbose pri
not logged on
DGMGRL> 

只有std出现警告，先修改warning的参数

add database std as connect identifier is std maintained as physical;
edit database std set property ArchiveLagTarget='0';
edit database std set property LogArchiveMaxProcesses='4';
edit database std set property LogArchiveMinSucceedDest='1';
edit database std set property LogArchiveTrace='0';
edit database std set property LogArchiveFormat='%t_%s_%r.dbf';
edit database std set property logxptmode=sync
edit database std set property standbyfilemanagement=auto

 再次查看：

DGMGRL> show database verbose std;


Database - std


  Role:            PHYSICAL STANDBY
  Intended State:  APPLY-ON
  Transport Lag:   (unknown)
  Apply Lag:       (unknown)
  Real Time Query: OFF
  Instance(s):
    pu


  Database Error(s):
    ORA-16766: Redo Apply is stopped


  Properties:
    DGConnectIdentifier             = 'std'
    ObserverConnectIdentifier       = ''
    LogXptMode                      = 'ASYNC'
    DelayMins                       = '0'
    Binding                         = 'optional'
    MaxFailure                      = '0'
    MaxConnections                  = '1'
    ReopenSecs                      = '300'
    NetTimeout                      = '30'
    RedoCompression                 = 'DISABLE'
    LogShipping                     = 'ON'
    PreferredApplyInstance          = ''
    ApplyInstanceTimeout            = '0'
    ApplyParallel                   = 'AUTO'
    StandbyFileManagement           = 'auto'
    ArchiveLagTarget                = '0'
    LogArchiveMaxProcesses          = '4'
    LogArchiveMinSucceedDest        = '1'
    DbFileNameConvert               = ''
    LogFileNameConvert              = ''
    FastStartFailoverTarget         = ''
    InconsistentProperties          = '(monitor)'
    InconsistentLogXptProps         = '(monitor)'
    SendQEntries                    = '(monitor)'
    LogXptStatus                    = '(monitor)'
    RecvQEntries                    = '(monitor)'
    SidName                         = 'pu'
    StaticConnectIdentifier         = '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=STD_DGMGRL)(INSTANCE_NAME=pu)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))'
    StandbyArchiveLocation          = 'USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
    AlternateLocation               = ''
    LogArchiveTrace                 = '0'
    LogArchiveFormat                = '%t_%s_%r.dbf'
    TopWaitEvents                   = '(monitor)'


Database Status:
ERROR

这次出现error
 ORA-16766: Redo Apply is stopped
再次enabled configuration

监控告警日志，这次没有出现错误

DGMGRL> enabled configuration
Unrecognized command "enabled", try "help"
DGMGRL> enable configuration
Enabled.
DGMGRL> show configuration


Configuration - dg_ps


  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    pri - Primary database
    std - Physical standby database


Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED


Configuration Status:
SUCCESS

8.测试主库和备库是否同步

alter system switch logfile;

select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

 

9．查看从库的日志文件

备库日志一般比主库多一个组

group#---v$standby_log;---查看备库日志组

alter database add standby logfile group11'/u01/......sredo01.log' size 50m;在主库创建（一般不需要做会自动创建）

alter database add standby logfile group12'/u01/......sredo02.log' size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile group13'/u01/......sredo03.log' size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile group14'/u01/......sredo04.log' size 50m;

alter system dg_broker_start=false--主备一起关

把备库启动到nomount在执行克隆----这种备库可以达到实时同步

 

10.在主库建一个表，在从库查看是否同步

create table test(id number);

 

11.主从切换

switchover to std;

执行的时候夯住，查看

[oracle@oracle2 ~]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@pri
DGMGRL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production


Copyright (c) 2000, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information.
Connected.
DGMGRL> show configuration
Error: 


Configuration - dg_ps


  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    std - Primary database
    pri - Physical standby database


Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED


Configuration Status:
ORA-16570: database needs restart
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_DRS", line 157
ORA-06512: at line 1
DGM-17017: unable to determine configuration status


DGMGRL> enable configuration
Error: 
ORA-16570: database needs restart
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_DRS", line 157
ORA-06512: at line 1


Configuration details cannot be determined by DGMGRL

 

提示数据库需要重启

SQL> archive log list;
ORA-16456: switchover to standby in progress or completed
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
SQL> startup
ORA-24324: service handle not initialized
ORA-01041: internal error. hostdef extension doesn't exist

数据库启动和关闭都出现了问题：

解决办法，重启一次监听或者退出会话，重新进入，启动数据库

启动后查看主库pri状态：

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;


OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY

从库std

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;


OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED

 SQL> select open_mode from v$database;


OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE

查看dgbroker的信息：

pri：

DGMGRL> show configuration


Configuration - dg_ps


  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    std - Primary database
    pri - Physical standby database


Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED


Configuration Status:
ORA-16597: Data Guard broker detects two or more primary databases
ORA-16625: cannot reach database "std"
DGM-17017: unable to determine configuration status

虽然出现错误，单还是切换了。

std端：

[oracle@oracle2 ~]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@std
DGMGRL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production


Copyright (c) 2000, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information.
Connected.
DGMGRL> show configuration


Configuration - dg_ps


  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    pri - Primary database
    std - Physical standby database


Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED


Configuration Status:
ORA-16534: switchover, failover or convert operation in progress
DGM-17017: unable to determine configuration status

std端显示的是没有切换成功：

注意事项：

1、  一开始使用了dgbroker配置dg，那么不管是在主库还是从库执行alter system set  xxx=xxx scope=spfile;都不会记录到spfile里面

可以用dgmrl 里面的edit 修改参数

2、  show configuration 出现错误的时候

可以执行show database verbose std（pri）查看错误

需要注意的是在dgmgrl  sys/oracle@pri和dgmgrl  sys/oracle@std 两端看到的错误是不同的

如果看到Warning: ORA-16714: the value of property StandbyFileManagement isinconsistent with the database setting之类的错误

则修改edit database std set property StandbyFileManagement='auto';

3、  多使用help查看命令的使用方法

4、  下图是切换后的图，看到SUCCESS那么恭喜你DG搭建成功

DGMGRL> show configuration

 

Configuration - dg_ps

 

 Protection Mode:MaxPerformance

Databases:

 std - Primarydatabase

 pri - Physicalstandby database

 

Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED

 

Configuration Status:

SUCCESS