SpringMVC

servlet代码
SpringMVC代码

1.Tomcat9安装配置

  • step1.配置Java
    JAVA_HOME
    PATH=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;
    CLASSPATH=.;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\dt.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;
  • step2.配置tomcat
    TOMCAT_HOME=D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.12
    CATALINA_HOME=D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.12
    PATH=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin
    CLASSPATH=%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\servlet-api.jar
  • step3.安装
    cmd输入service install Tomcat9
  • step4.测试
    控制面板—系统和安全—管理工具—服务,找到Apache Tomcat Tomcat9服务项,右击该项,点“启动”,启动该服务。
    地址栏输入http://localhost:8080或 http://127.0.0.1:8080
    如果出现tomcat示例主页,则表示服务器安装成功。

2.新建动态web项目

  • step1.新建web项目


    SpringMVC_第1张图片

3.原生的servlet3.0测试

以前来写web的三大组件:以前写servlet filter listener都需要在web.xml进行注册,包括springmvc的前端控制器DispactherServlet也需要在web.xml注册,现在可以通过注解的方式快速搭建我们的web应用。

3.1 简单的测试

  • 新增请求地址,请求地址为order
    index.jsp

  
    $Title$
  
  
  order
  

  • 建立一个原生的servlet来处理 order的请求
    JamesServlet.java
@WebServlet("/order")
public class JamesServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().write("order success...");
    }
}
  • 启动tomcat后测试


    SpringMVC_第2张图片

3.2 ServletContainerInitializer初始化web容器

Shared libraries(共享库) and runtimes pluggability(运行时插件)的原理,在后面的框架整合里,用得比较多。
在web容器启动时为提供给第三方组件机会做一些初始化的工作,例如注册servlet或者filters等,servlet规范(JSR356)中通过ServletContainerInitializer实现此功能。
每个框架要使用ServletContainerInitializer就必须在对应的jar包的META-INF/services 目录创建一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,文件内容指定具体的ServletContainerInitializer实现类,那么,当web容器启动时就会运行这个初始化器做一些组件内的初始化工作。

  • 在src下创建META-INF/services目录
    创建javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer文件。
com.wangzhen.servlet.JamesServletContainerInitializer
  • 新建JamesServletContainerInitializer实现ServletContainerInitializer接口
    JamesServletContainerInitializer.java
@HandlesTypes(value={JamesService.class})
public class JamesServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {
    /**
     * tomcat启动时加载应用的时候,会运行onStartup方法;
     *
     * Set> arg0:感兴趣的类型的所有子类型(对实现了JamesService接口相关的);
     * ServletContext arg1:代表当前Web应用的ServletContext;一个Web应用一个ServletContext;
     *
     * 1)、使用ServletContext注册Web组件(Servlet、Filter、Listener)
     * 2)、使用编码的方式,在项目启动的时候给ServletContext里面添加组件;
     *      必须在项目启动的时候来添加;
     *      1)、ServletContainerInitializer得到的ServletContext;
     *      2)、ServletContextListener得到的ServletContext;
     */
    @Override
    public void onStartup(Set> arg0, ServletContext arg1) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("感兴趣的类型:");
        for (Class claz : arg0) {
            System.out.println(claz);//当传进来后,可以根据自己需要利用反射来创建对象等操作
        }
    }

}
  • 并新建JamesService接口的所有子类型
    JamesServiceOther
    JamesServiceImpl
    AbstractJamesService

  • 测试结果

Connected to server
[2018-09-14 06:57:00,891] Artifact wangzhen-servlet3:war exploded: Artifact is being deployed, please wait...
感兴趣的类型:
interface com.wangzhen.service.JamesServiceOther
class com.wangzhen.service.AbstractJamesService
class com.wangzhen.service.JamesServiceImpl
  • 总结
    实质是基于运行时插件的机制,启动并运行这个ServletContainerInitializer,在整合springmvc的时候会用到

3.3 使用ServletContext注册web组件

其实就是Servlet,Filter,Listener三大组件。
对于我们自己写的JamesServlet,我们可以使用@WebServlet注解来加入JamesServlet组件,
但若是我们要导入第三方阿里的连接池或filter,以前的web.xml方式就可通过配置加载就可以了,但现在我们使用ServletContext注入进来。

   @Override
    public void onStartup(Set> arg0, ServletContext arg1) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("感兴趣的类型:");
        for (Class claz : arg0) {
            System.out.println(claz);//当传进来后,可以根据自己需要利用反射来创建对象等操作
        }
        //注册servlet组件
        javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet = arg1.addServlet("orderServlet", new OrderServlet());
        //配置servlet的映射信息(路径请求)
        servlet.addMapping("/orderTest");

        //注册监听器Listener
        arg1.addListener(OrderListener.class);

        //注册Filter
        javax.servlet.FilterRegistration.Dynamic filter = arg1.addFilter("orderFilter", OrderFilter.class);
        //添加Filter的映射信息,可以指定专门来拦截哪个servlet
        filter.addMappingForUrlPatterns(EnumSet.of(DispatcherType.REQUEST), true, "/*");

    }

}
  • 新建三个组件
public class OrderFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        // 过滤请求
        System.out.println("UserFilter...doFilter...");
        //放行
        arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);

    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    }
}
public class OrderListener implements ServletContextListener {


    //监听ServletContext销毁
    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("UserListener...contextDestroyed...");
    }

    //监听ServletContext启动初始化
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        ServletContext servletContext = arg0.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("UserListener...contextInitialized...");
    }

}
public class OrderServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        resp.getWriter().write("jamesServlet...");
    }

}
  • 测试结果


    SpringMVC_第3张图片
UserListener...contextInitialized...
[2018-09-14 07:38:34,459] Artifact wangzhen-servlet3:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully
[2018-09-14 07:38:34,459] Artifact wangzhen-servlet3:war exploded: Deploy took 567 milliseconds
UserFilter...doFilter...
UserFilter...doFilter...
UserFilter...doFilter...
UserFilter...doFilter...
14-Sep-2018 19:38:43.547 信息 [ContainerBackgroundProcessor[StandardEngine[Catalina]]] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.12\webapps\manager]
14-Sep-2018 19:38:43.587 信息 [ContainerBackgroundProcessor[StandardEngine[Catalina]]] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [D:\apache-tomcat-9.0.12\webapps\manager] has finished in [40] ms
UserFilter...doFilter...

注意:在运行的过程中,是不可以注册组件, 和IOC道理一样,出于安全考虑。

4.SpringMVC

4.1 简单的项目

  • 新建maven工程,配置pom.xml。
    com.wangzhen
    springmvc-learn
    1.0-SNAPSHOT
    war

    
        
            org.springframework
            spring-webmvc
            5.0.6.RELEASE
        

        
            javax.servlet
            servlet-api
            3.0-alpha-1
            provided
        
    

    
        
            
                org.apache.maven.plugins
                maven-war-plugin
                2.4
                
                    false
                
            
        
    

注意:tomcat也有servlet,maven打jar包的时候不要把它打进去,不然会重复。

  • 查看maven的一个spring-web.jar包


    SpringMVC_第4张图片

    内容是:

org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
  • JamesWebAppInitializer
public class JamesWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    //获取根容器的配置类;(Spring的配置文件)   父容器;
    @Override
    protected Class[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        //指定配置类(配置文件)位置
        return new Class[]{JamesRootConfig.class} ;
    }

    //获取web容器的配置类(SpringMVC配置文件)  子容器;
    @Override
    protected Class[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{JamesAppConfig.class} ;
    }

    //获取DispatcherServlet的映射信息
    //  /:拦截所有请求(包括静态资源(xx.js,xx.png)),但是不包括*.jsp;
    //  /*:拦截所有请求;连*.jsp页面都拦截;jsp页面是tomcat的jsp引擎解析的;
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

}
  • 新建两个配置类JamesRootConfig和JamesAppConfig,形成父子容器的效果
//Spring的容器不扫描controller;父容器
@ComponentScan(value="com.wangzhen",excludeFilters={
        @ComponentScan.Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes={Controller.class})
})
public class JamesRootConfig {

}
//SpringMVC只扫描Controller;子容器
//useDefaultFilters=false 禁用默认的过滤规则;
@ComponentScan(value="com.wangzhen",includeFilters={
        @ComponentScan.Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes={Controller.class})
},useDefaultFilters=false)
public class JamesAppConfig  {
}
  • 测试类
Controller
public class OrderController   {
    @Autowired
    OrderService orderService;

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/buy")
    public String buy(){
        return orderService.goBuy("12345678");
    }
}
@Service
public class OrderService   {
    public String goBuy(String orderId){
        return "orderId===="+orderId;
    }
}
  • Run/Debug Configurations


    SpringMVC_第5张图片

    SpringMVC_第6张图片

    SpringMVC_第7张图片

测试结果:


SpringMVC_第8张图片

4.2 定制SpringMVC

现在使用配置注解,定制我们的springmvc,可看官网描述,加入@EnableWebMvc,来定制配置功能。

  • 直接在JamesAppConfig实现WebMvcConfigurer。
@ComponentScan(value="com.wangzhen",includeFilters={
        @ComponentScan.Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes={Controller.class})
},useDefaultFilters=false)
@EnableWebMvc
public class JamesAppConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    //定制视图解析器
    @Override
    public void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry) {
        //比如我们想用JSP解析器,默认所有的页面都从/WEB-INF/AAA.jsp
        registry.jsp("/WEB-INF/pages/",".jsp");
    }
}
  • 新建目录src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages,添加ok.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>


    ok


successful!


  • 在OrderController控制类加一个解析器的定制页面返回
    //相当于找 /WEB-INF/pages/ok.jsp
    @RequestMapping("/ok")
    public String ok(){
        return "ok";
    }
  • 测试结果


    SpringMVC_第9张图片
  • 出现的问题

    SpringMVC_第10张图片

    解决方法:配置springmvclearn.iml

4.同步和异步处理

4.1 同步处理

客户端发出请求后,一直等待服务端响应。


SpringMVC_第11张图片

SpringMVC_第12张图片
  • 修改JamesServlet,测试
@WebServlet("/order")
public class JamesServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+ "start...");
        try {
            buyCards();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        resp.getWriter().write("order successful...");
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "end...");
    }

    public void buyCards() throws InterruptedException{
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+".............");
        Thread.sleep(5000);//模拟业务操作
    }
}

结果:

Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-2,5,main]start...
Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-2,5,main].............
Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-2,5,main]end...

从头到尾都是由同一个线程2进行处理的,线程从头执行到尾,会造成资源占用不能释放。

4.2 异步请求

SpringMVC_第13张图片
@WebServlet(value="/asyncOrder", asyncSupported = true)
public class OrderAsyncServlet extends HttpServlet{
    //支持异步处理asyncSupported = true
    //重写doget方法
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //151个……
        System.out.println("主线程开始……"+Thread.currentThread()+"start....."+System.currentTimeMillis());
        AsyncContext startAsync = req.startAsync();
        
        startAsync.start(new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    System.out.println("副线程开始……"+Thread.currentThread()+"start....."+System.currentTimeMillis());
                
                    buyCards();
                    startAsync.complete();
                    AsyncContext asyncContext = req.getAsyncContext();
                    ServletResponse response = asyncContext.getResponse();
                    response.getWriter().write("order sucesful....");
                    System.out.println("副线程结束……"+Thread.currentThread()+"end....."+System.currentTimeMillis());
                    
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        
        System.out.println("主线程结束……"+Thread.currentThread()+"end....."+System.currentTimeMillis());
        //主线程的资源断开……
    }

    public void buyCards() throws InterruptedException{
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+".............");
        Thread.sleep(5000);//模拟业务操作
    }
}

报错:

Exception in thread "http-nio-8080-exec-4" java.lang.IllegalStateException: It is illegal to call this method if the current request is not in asynchronous mode (i.e. isAsyncStarted() returns false)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.getAsyncContext(Request.java:1758)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade.getAsyncContext(RequestFacade.java:1068)
    at com.wangzhen.servlet.OrderAsyncServlet$1.run(OrderAsyncServlet.java:38)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.AsyncContextImpl$RunnableWrapper.run(AsyncContextImpl.java:515)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1135)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:635)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:844)

原因:AsyncContext.complete();方法的调用时机错误,应该在子线程完全处理完成业务逻辑的最后调用。
修改:

                    System.out.println("副线程开始……"+Thread.currentThread()+"start....."+System.currentTimeMillis());

                    buyCards();
                    AsyncContext asyncContext = req.getAsyncContext();
                    ServletResponse response = asyncContext.getResponse();
                    response.getWriter().write("order sucesful....");
                    startAsync.complete();
                    System.out.println("副线程结束……"+Thread.currentThread()+"end....."+System.currentTimeMillis());

结果:

主线程开始……Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-6,5,main]start.....1536967088156
主线程结束……Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-6,5,main]end.....1536967088172
副线程开始……Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-6,5,main]start.....1536967088173
Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-6,5,main].............
副线程结束……Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-6,5,main]end.....1536967093173

4.3 SpringMVC的异步请求

4.3.1 异步order01

@Controller
public class AsyncOrderController {

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/order01")
    public Callable order01(){
        System.out.println("主线程开始..."+Thread.currentThread()+"==>"+System.currentTimeMillis());

        Callable callable = new Callable() {
            @Override
            public String call() throws Exception {
                System.out.println("副线程开始..."+Thread.currentThread()+"==>"+System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                System.out.println("副线程开始..."+Thread.currentThread()+"==>"+System.currentTimeMillis());
                return "order buy successful........";
            }
        };

        System.out.println("主线程结束..."+Thread.currentThread()+"==>"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        return callable;
    }

}

结果:

Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-4,5,main]----preHandle-------------/springmvclearn/order01
主线程开始...Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-4,5,main]==>1536970626335
主线程结束...Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-4,5,main]==>1536970626341
副线程开始...Thread[MvcAsync1,5,main]==>1536970626352
副线程开始...Thread[MvcAsync1,5,main]==>1536970628353
Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-5,5,main]----preHandle-------------/springmvclearn/order01
Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-5,5,main]----postHandle-------------
Thread[http-nio-8080-exec-5,5,main]----afterCompletion-------------

4.3.2 订单示例

需求描述:以创建订单为例,tomcat启动线程1来完成一个请求,但实际上是订单服务才能创建订单,那么tomcat线程应该把请求转发给订单服务,使用消息中间件来处理,订单服务把处理结果也放到消息中间件,由tomcat的线程N拿到结果后,响应给客户端。


SpringMVC_第14张图片
  • 创建队列
public class JamesDeferredQueue {

    private static Queue> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue>();

    public static void save(DeferredResult deferredResult){
        queue.add(deferredResult);
    }

    public static DeferredResult get( ){
        return queue.poll();
    }

}

  • 模拟两个线程/createOrder和/get
@Controller
public class AsyncOrderController {

    //其实相当于我们说的tomcat的线程1,来处理用户请求,并将请求的操作放到Queue队列里
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/createOrder")
    public DeferredResult createOrder(){
        DeferredResult deferredResult = new DeferredResult<>((long)5000, "create fail...");
        JamesDeferredQueue.save(deferredResult);
        return deferredResult;
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/get")
    public String get(){
        String order = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        DeferredResult deferredResult = JamesDeferredQueue.get();
        deferredResult.setResult(order);
        JamesDeferredQueue.save(deferredResult);
        return "get method order = " + order;
    }
}

测试结果:
超过5s没有get


SpringMVC_第15张图片

正常情况


SpringMVC_第16张图片

SpringMVC_第17张图片

参考

  • 1)Java servlet3.1官方参考文档
  • 2)注解实现SpringMVC异步处理中的问题
  • 3)SpringMVC官方参考文档
  • 4)享学课堂James老师笔记

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