自建Git服务器之Gogs

一、什么是Gogs

Gogs 是一款极易搭建的自助 Git 服务，个人感觉比Gitlab要轻量级，搭建起来更方便。

二、下载及使用链接

• Gogs官方下载地址
• Gogs官方文档
• Gogs配置文件手册

三、环境搭建过程

1、环境要求（参考官方说明）

• 数据库（选择以下一项）：
  • MySQL：版本 >= 5.7
  • PostgreSQL
  • MSSQL
  • TiDB（实验性支持，使用 MySQL 协议连接）
  • 或者 什么都不安装 直接使用 SQLite3
• git（bash）：
  • 服务端和客户端均需版本 >= 1.7.1
  • Windows 系统建议使用最新版
• SSH 服务器：
  • 如果您只使用 HTTP/HTTPS 的话请忽略此项
  • 如果您选择在 Windows 系统使用内置 SSH 服务器，请确保添加 ssh-keygen 到您的 %PATH% 环境变量中
  • 推荐 Windows 系统使用 Cygwin OpenSSH 或 Copssh
  • Windows 系统 请确保 Bash 是默认的 Shell 程序，而不是 PowerShell

2、开始搭建

2.1、新建一个git用户

Gogs 默认以 git 用户运行，新建一个git用户。

sudo adduser git

以 git 用户登录，到 git 用户的主目录中新建好 .ssh 文件夹。

su git
cd /home/git
mkdir .ssh

//注意由于原始git服务也是用的git用户，ssh服务可能会被gogs改写后占用，如下面的authorized_keys文件内容
command="/home/git/gogs/gogs serv key-2 --config='/home/git/gogs/custom/conf/app.ini'",no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX [email protected]
//导致用ssh登陆时会有如下面输出
ssh git@YourHost
PTY allocation request failed on channel 0
Hi there, You've successfully authenticated, but Gogs does not provide shell access.
If this is unexpected, please log in with password and setup Gogs under another user.
Connection to YourHost closed.

解决方法：

• 因此可以新建一个webgit用户来和git用户区分，而不占用git用户中配置的authorized_keys
• 也可以针对不同的域名或IP使用不同的id_rsa.pub公钥，具体参考下面链接内容
  装Gogs后ssh无法和远程登录同时使用的解决方案

2.2、找到想要的Gogs版本进行下载

cd /home/git
wget https://dl.gogs.io/0.11.34/linux_amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf linux_amd64.tar.gz

2.3、启动Gogs服务

cd gogs
./gogs web

//命令行输出
sh-4.1$ ./gogs web
2019/05/02 11:57:17 [TRACE] Custom path: /home/git/gogs/custom
2019/05/02 11:57:17 [TRACE] Log path: /home/git/gogs/log
2019/05/02 11:57:17 [TRACE] Log Mode: File (Trace)
2019/05/02 11:57:17 [ INFO] Wooduan 0.11.34.1122

//也可以以守护进程启动
nohup ./gogs web &

2.4、相关配置

• 创建Gogs所需数据库环境，登录mysql后执行下面命令

SET GLOBAL innodb_file_per_table = ON,                                                          
           innodb_file_format = Barracuda,                                                      
           innodb_large_prefix = ON;                                                            
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS gogs;                                                                   
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS gogs CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;

• 第一次启动后会进入install安装页面，在此可以进行Gogs的初始化配置，后期也可以在/home/git/gogs/custom/conf/app.ini中修改后重启Gogs生效。
  
  
• 在安装过程中，会在mysql的gogs数据库中创建若干张表，如果出现mysql的报错，如：Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes when install gogs，可以每次提交后查看show tables查看gogs数据库下新增的表，将该表的ROW_FORMAT属性置为DYNAMIC，所涉及表列在下面

ALTER TABLE `access` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `access_token` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `action` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `attachment` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `collaboration` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `comment` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `deploy_key` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `email_address` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `follow` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `hook_task` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `issue` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `issue_label` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `issue_user` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `label` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `login_source` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `milestone` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `mirror` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `notice` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `org_user` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `protect_branch` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `protect_branch_whitelist` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `public_key` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `pull_request` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `release` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `repository` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `star` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `team` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `team_repo` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `team_user` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `two_factor` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `two_factor_recovery_code` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `upload` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `user` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `watch` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
ALTER TABLE `webhook` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;

• 参考链接：解决MySql /Mariadb error: max key length is 767 byte问题
  

• 官方配置链接

• 在进行git pull/push等操作的时候，需要用到git相关可执行文件，需要软链加到/bin路径下

ln -s /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-upload-pack /bin/git-upload-pack
ln -s /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-cvsserver /bin/git-cvsserver
ln -s /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/gitk /bin/gitk
ln -s /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-receive-pack /bin/git-receive-pack
ln -s /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-shell /bin/git-shell
ln -s /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-upload-archive /bin/git-upload-archive

[root@10-23-67-69 conf]# ll /bin/git*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 May  2 01:24 /bin/git -> /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 May  2 01:25 /bin/git-cvsserver -> /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-cvsserver
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 42 May  2 01:25 /bin/git-receive-pack -> /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-receive-pack
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 May  2 01:25 /bin/git-shell -> /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-shell
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 44 May  2 01:25 /bin/git-upload-archive -> /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-upload-archive
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 41 May  2 01:20 /bin/git-upload-pack -> /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/git-upload-pack
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 May  2 01:26 /bin/gitk -> /usr/local/git-2.12.2/bin/gitk

• 参考链接：Gogs failed to execute git command

暂时想到的就这么多，安装或者使用上面有问题的话，请留言给我，我会及时回复的。