SpringBoot中@ConfigurationProperties对于多层嵌套参数的正确加载方法

SpringBoot中@ConfigurationProperties对于多层嵌套参数的正确加载方法

今天想重构一下Kafka代码,将之前用@Value引入的一些参数全部替换掉,因为可读性和维护性太差,这是以前的样子。

		@Value("${spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers}")
    private String servers;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.group-id}")
    private String groupId;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.auto-offset-reset:}")
    private String reset;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.enable-auto-commit}")
    private String commit;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.max-poll-records}")
    private String records;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.max-poll-interval-ms}")
    private String intervams;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.auto-commit-interval}")
    private String interval;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.key-deserializer}")
    private String key;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.value-deserializer}")
    private String value;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.properties.sasl.mechanism:}")
    private String mechanism;
    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.properties.security.protocol:}")
    private String protocol;

有同学可能会问,为什么不直接用spring集成好的Kafka,因为它封装的太好,反而不能使用一些原生的接口,所以打算重构一遍代码,至于重构的过程和优化的内容,留给以后的文章去讲解,这篇只是想使用@ConfigurationProperties把参数格式化掉,可以直接提取使用,在网上搜了一些文章,写的很乱,有的甚至完全不能实现功能,最后在一通乱怼下终于符合了自己的需求,Kafka的配置参数存在多层结构,所以不能直接配置参数。


spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9092
    producer:
      retries: 0
      batch-size: 16384
      buffer-memory: 33554432
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
    consumer:
      group-id: views.invoke
      auto-offset-reset: earliest
      enable-auto-commit: true
      max-poll-records: 100
      max-poll-interval-ms: 60000
      auto-commit-interval: 100
      key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer

只要是类似于这样结构的参数,都可以参考我的写法,理论上是没有问题的。

下面是我怼出来的写法

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.kafka")
@Getter
@Setter
public class KafkaConfig {

    private String bootstrapServers;
    private ProducerProperties producer = new ProducerProperties() ;
    private ConsumerProperties consumer = new ConsumerProperties();

    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @Getter
    @Setter
    public class ProducerProperties {
        private String retries;
        private String batchSize;
        private String bufferMemory;
        private String keySerializer;
        private String valueSerializer;
    }

    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @Getter
    @Setter
    public class ConsumerProperties {
        private String groupId;
        private String autoOffsetReset;
        private String enableAutoCommit;
        private String maxPollRecords;
        private String maxPollIntervalMs;
        private String autoCommitInterval;
        private String keyDeserializer;
        private String valueDeserializer;
    }

}

这里用到了lombok,代码结构也比较简洁,参数中间的-可以用大写来替代,spring会自动匹配的。

错误的做法

下面这种是很多文章里写的,测试了很多遍,基本获取不到参数,就能得到bootstrapServers。

@Configuration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@Getter
@Setter
public class KafkaConfig {

    private String bootstrapServers;
    
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.kafka.producer")
    public ProducerMyConfig getProducerConfig(){
        return new ProducerMyConfig();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.kafka.consumer")
    public ConsumerMyConfig getConsumerConfig(){
        return new ConsumerMyConfig();
    }

    private  class ProducerMyConfig {
        private String retries;
        private String batchSize;
        private String bufferMemory;
        private String keySerializer;
        private String valueSerializer;
    }

    private  class ConsumerMyConfig {
        private String groupId;
        private String autoOffsetReset;
        private String enableAutoCommit;
        private String maxPollRecords;
        private String maxPollIntervalMs;
        private String autoCommitInterval;
        private String keyDeserializer;
        private String valueDeserializer;
    }
}

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