Oracle 11gR2 Active Data Guard 安装配置

今天成功安装了一个测试环境，安装方法记录如下。

Oracle 11gR2 Active Data Guard 安装配置

 

一、测试环境

主库(primary):

os: oracle linux 5.8

IP:129.100.253.62

主机名：pc01

primary database:11.2.0.3 single node+asm

数据库名：sgerp5

 

从库(standby)

os: oracle linux 5.8

IP:129.100.253.91

主机名：pc02

standby database:11.2.0.3 single node+asm

数据库名：sgerp5

 

dataguard的保护模式：MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

日志传输模式：归档日志

应用方法：redo apply

[root@pc01 ~]# uname -a

Linux pc01 2.6.32-300.10.1.el5uek #1 SMP Wed Feb 22 17:37:40 EST 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@pc01 ~]#

 

前提：主从的数据文件放置的路径一致

在FAL request Failed with ORA-01009 on Standby MRP trace. [ID 1329119.1]文章中对这个问题进行了说明，从11.2以后，FAL_CLIENT不再需要设置，但是对应11.2之前的版本，缺少FAL_CLIENT的设置就会导致ORA-1009的错误。

 

二、调整主库

1.将主数据库改为强制产生日志模式

select force_logging from v$database;

alter database force logging;

2. 创建密码

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwtest password=test entries=3

3. 修改主库的初始化参数

建议参数文件使用spfile，这样可以在不停库使用命令修改参数。

db_name指定数据库的名称。

db_unique_name指定了数据库（主库和备库）的不同名称，是对db_name的唯一的标识。其实是为了区分db_name名一样的数据库，方便应用和管理。是10g以后的参数。

db_unique_name ='sg01'

log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(sg01,sg02)'   # (sg01,sg02是db_unique_name)

log_archive_dest_1='location=/oraarch/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sg01'

log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=sg02ARCH ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sg02'

 

alter system set db_unique_name ='sg01' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(sg01,sg02)' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/oraarch/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sg01' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=sg02ARCH ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sg02' scope=spfile;

 

 

#确定log_archive_dest_state_1

log_archive_dest_state_1= enable #默认就是enable

log_archive_dest_state_2= enable #默认就是enable

ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_format='ARC_ERP5_%s_%r_%t.log' SCOPE=SPFILE;

 

/*以下部分为主机切换为备库使用*/

fal_server=sg02

fal_client=sg01

standby_file_management=auto

 

alter system set fal_server=sg02 scope=spfile;

alter system set fal_client=sg01 scope=spfile;

alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;

 

 

#如果主备库文件或路径不同

db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test'

log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test'

4. 确保数据库运行在archivelog模式下

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode           No Archive Mode

Automatic archival           Disabled

Archive destination           USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     2

Current log sequence           4

把数据库调整为archivelog模式下

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog ;

SQL> alter database open;

 

5.在主库上创建备用日志（为切换而用可选）

SQL>ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 SIZE 50M;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 SIZE 50M;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 SIZE 50M;

 

6. 配置listener.ora和tnsnames.ora

配置备库tnsnames.ora($ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora)

SG01=

  (DESCRIPTION=

    (ADDRESS=

      (PROTOCOL=TCP)

      (HOST=129.100.253.62)

      (PORT=1521)

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA=

      (SERVICE_NAME=sg01)

    )

  )

 

SG02=

  (DESCRIPTION=

    (ADDRESS=

      (PROTOCOL=TCP)

      (HOST=129.100.253.91)

      (PORT=1521)

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA=

      (SERVICE_NAME=sg02)

    )

  )

 

more /g01/app/grid_home/network/admin/listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (PROGRAM = extproc)

    )

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = xezf)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = xezf)

    )

  )

 

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg2)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

 

7.在主库备份

[oraoms@LINUXIDC1 ~]$ rman target/

backup as compressed backupset database format '/orabak/DB0_%d_%T_%s_%t';

在主库上创建备库的控制文件/spfile文件

SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/ctl01.ctl';

 

三、创建备库

1. 创建pwdfile、spfile

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwtest password=test entries=3

密码要与primary database相同

$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

ftp

 

2. 修改初始化参数

与primary database不同的参数如下:

db_unique_name=sg02

log_archive_dest_1=' location=/oraarch/valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=sg02'

log_archive_dest_2='service=sg01ARCH ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=sg01'

fal_client='sg02'

fal_server='sg01'

 

alter system set db_unique_name ='sg02' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/oraarch/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sg02' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=sg01ARCH ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sg01' scope=spfile;

alter system set fal_client='sg02' scope=spfile;

alter system set fal_server='sg01' scope=spfile;

 

db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST01/datafile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST02/datafile'

log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST01/onlinelog','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST02/onlinelog', '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST01/onlinelog','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST02/onlinelog'

修改完之后用如下语句查看

SQL> select * from V$DATAGUARD_CONFIG;

DB_UNIQUE_NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sg01

sg02

 

恢复备库

[oraoms@LINUXIDC2 dbs]$ rman target/

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/ctl01.ctl';

Starting restore at 07-MAR-13

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=192 device type=DISK

 

channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy

output file name=+DATA/sg01/controlfile/current.257.809395691

output file name=+DATA/sg01/controlfile/current.258.809395691

Finished restore at 07-MAR-13

 

RMAN>

 

alter system set control_files='+DATA/sg01/controlfile/current.257.809395691','+DATA/sg01/controlfile/current.258.809395691' scope=spfile;

 

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

 

RMAN> restore database;

SQL>shutdown immediate

SQL>startup nomount

SQL> alter database mount standby database;

只读打开模式：

SQL> alter database open read only;

让主备库同步：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

 

2.检查备库运行在archivelog模式下

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode           No Archive Mode

Automatic archival           Disabled

Archive destination           USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     2

Current log sequence           4

把数据库调整为archivelog模式下

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog ;

SQL> alter database open;

3.检查备库为强制产生日志模式

select force_logging from v$database;

alter database force logging;

 

4.创建好相应目录，dump文件目录，数据文件目录，归档目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/arch/test

 

5. 配置的listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件同主库

pc02:/orabak&more /g01/app/grid_home/network/admin/listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /g01/app/grid_home/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = pc02)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

 

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /g01/app/grid

 

ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER=ON              # line added by Agent

pc02:/orabak&

 

pc02:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin>more tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

SGERP5 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = pc02)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = sgerp5)

    )

  )

 

SG01=

  (DESCRIPTION=

    (ADDRESS=

      (PROTOCOL=TCP)

      (HOST=129.100.253.62)

      (PORT=1521)

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA=

      (SERVICE_NAME=sg01)

    )

  )

 

SG02=

  (DESCRIPTION=

    (ADDRESS=

      (PROTOCOL=TCP)

      (HOST=129.100.253.91)

      (PORT=1521)

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA=

      (SERVICE_NAME=sg02)

    )

  )

 

 

 

重起监听并检验是否可以tnsping通

 

6. 启动到nomount状态

SQL> startup nomount

 

7. 用RMAN的duplicate功能创建standby database，11g可以不做备份直接复制到备库：

Duplicate只适合库不大的情况。这次实验的库比较大没有采用这种方法，例如

RMAN> rman auxiliary /

connect target sys/test@test_db_01

duplicate target database for standby dorecover nofilenamecheck;

检查standby database的状态

SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;

SQL> select sequence# ,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

 

8.开始Redo应用

主库

SQL> alter system archive log current;

备库11g可以只读打开库应用日志

SQL> alter database open read only;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

也可以使用alter database recover managed standby databaseusing current logfile disconnect from session;应用日志。

没有using current logfile是去apply standby archived log.

有using current logfile是当日志传到standby redo log的时候就去应用，是real-time的，必须要有standby redo log.

 

最后验证归档和数据都能过去，因为用的是归档的方式，所以数据不会实时同步，如一个事务太大，需要多个归档都传过去之后，才能应用到数据库中。

 

pc01:/oraarch>ll
total 4829632
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   31847424 Mar  6 22:38 ARC_ERP5_37_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin    1264640 Mar  6 22:47 ARC_ERP5_38_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin      20992 Mar  6 22:53 ARC_ERP5_39_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin       4096 Mar  6 22:53 ARC_ERP5_40_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin       1024 Mar  6 22:54 ARC_ERP5_41_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   23451648 Mar  7 13:14 ARC_ERP5_42_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin    1059840 Mar  7 13:15 ARC_ERP5_43_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   11354624 Mar  7 15:45 ARC_ERP5_44_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin      28672 Mar  7 15:50 ARC_ERP5_45_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 2072098816 Mar  7 16:02 ARC_ERP5_46_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1954824704 Mar  7 16:04 ARC_ERP5_47_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin  844691456 Mar  7 18:24 ARC_ERP5_48_809346321_1.log
pc01:/oraarch>

pc02:/oraarch>ll
total 4797220
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   23451648 Mar  7 13:15 ARC_ERP5_42_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1059840 Mar  7 13:16 ARC_ERP5_43_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   11354624 Mar  7 15:46 ARC_ERP5_44_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall      28672 Mar  7 15:51 ARC_ERP5_45_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2072098816 Mar  7 16:07 ARC_ERP5_46_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1954824704 Mar  7 16:09 ARC_ERP5_47_809346321_1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  844691456 Mar  7 18:26 ARC_ERP5_48_809346321_1.log
pc02:/oraarch>