oracle 12C dataguard搭建

1.oracle 12C dataguard搭建环境（主从库相同，从库只装软件不建库）

OS:

[oracle@oracle-two ~]$ more /etc/redhat-release

CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

ORACLE:

SQL> SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;

BANNER CON_ID

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0

PL/SQL Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0

CORE 12.2.0.1.0 Production 0

TNS for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0

NLSRTL Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0

2.dataguard主库参数配置

2.1检查主库状态，pdb是否为open，

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO

3 CDB READ WRITE NO

2.2检查主库是否开启force_logging，否则要执行以下命令

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_LOGGING

---------------------------------------

YES

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

2.3检查主库归档模式开启情况

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode No Archive Mode

Automatic archival Disabled（未开启归档模式）

Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch

Oldest online log sequence 51

Current log sequence 53

执行名利开启归档

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

再次查看，归档模式开启情况

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled（归档模式开启）

Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch

Oldest online log sequence 51

Next log sequence to archive 53

Current log sequence 53

2.4检查在线日志redolog，确认member和group#，根据在线日志添加standby logfile（以下操作均在CBD下操作）

SQL> select group#, members, bytes from v$log;

GROUP# MEMBERS BYTES

---------- ---------- ----------

1 2 209715200

3 2 209715200

2 2 209715200

添加standby logfile（3+1）

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/stdredo01.log' size 50M;

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/stdredo02.log' size 50M;

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/stdredo03.log' size 50M;

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/stdredo04.log' size 50M;

3.配置两个数据库的网络参数文件tnsname.ora和listener.ora

primary和Standby上的tnsnames.ora相同。

3.1配置tnsnames.ora参数文件

#primary database

porcl =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle-one)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.11.12.1)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

#standby database

sorcl=

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.11.12.2)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

(UR=A)

)

)

#pluggable database

cdb =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle-one)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.11.12.1)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = cdb)

)

)

3.2配置监听文件

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = ORCL)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle-one)(PORT = 1521))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

)

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

LISTENERD =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle-one)(PORT = 1521))

)

)

4.配置数据库参数文件

注意：数据库参数文件的调整时注意PDB和CDB的切换运行，否则会报如下错误

ORA-65040: operation not allowed from within a pluggable database

4.1主库配置完后参数文件：如下（如果是从pfile指定文件启动，启动完成后要创建spfile文件）

orcl.__data_transfer_cache_size=0

orcl.__db_cache_size=234881024

orcl.__inmemory_ext_roarea=0

orcl.__inmemory_ext_rwarea=0

orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__large_pool_size=8388608

orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=272629760

orcl.__sga_target=507510784

orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=20971520

orcl.__shared_pool_size=222298112

orcl.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='12.2.0'

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_dqflr6xp_.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_dqflr78t_.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/'

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=8016m

*.db_unique_name='porcl'

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'

*.enable_pluggable_database=true

*.fal_client='PORCL'

*.fal_server='SORCL'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(porcl,sorcl)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch db_unique_name=porcl'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=sorcl LGWR ASYNC noaffirm reopen=60 valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sorcl'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/onlinelog/','

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/onlinelog/'

*.memory_target=744m

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=300

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.service_names='ORCL'

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

4.2将主库修改后的参数文件传送到备库

4.3修改从库数据库参数文件并使用该参数文件从pfile启动。

*.db_unique_name=

*.log_archive_config=

*.log_file_name_convert=

*.db_file_name_convert=

*.log_archive_dest_1=

*.log_archive_dest_2=

*.standby_file_management=

*.fal_server=

*.fal_client=

4.4主库密码文件传送到备库

[oracle@oracle-one dbs]$ scp orapworcl orcle-one:/dbs/

5.启动standby database到nomount状态

5.1检查tns连接名是否正常(主备库均需要检查)

tnsping porcl

tnsping sorcl

lsnrctl

5.2启动备库

startup pfile='/home/oracle/standbypfile.ora' nomount

启动后创建spfile

create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/standbypfile.ora'

6.恢复备库

[oracle@oracle-one dbs]$rman target sys/oracle@porcl auxiliary sys/oracle@sorcl

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;

Finished Duplicate Db at 2016:04:0109:26:00

完成备库的克隆。

6.1查看备库状态是否正常

show pdbs

select log_mode,open_mode ,database_role from v$database;

6.2手工同步

手工启动同步

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

取消手动同步

alter database recover managed standby database cancel

6.3验证数据同步

主库插入数据

SQL> conn so/ziqiyuan@cdb

Connected.

SQL> insert into t_padd values(0,'dh');

SQL> commit;

主库切换在线日志

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

备库查看那表内数据的同步情况

SQL> select * from so.t_padd;

ID NAME

---------- ------------

1 cag

8 haha

2 zfg

3 zfeg

0 dh

数据同步完成。

7.配置过程中报错及处理方法

安装过程中出现错误以及处理方法

报错一、[ora12c@dave network-scripts]$ rman target sys/ziqiyuan@cdb auxiliary sys/ziqiyuan@scdb;

ERROR:

ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections

处理方法：添加(UR=A)

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_1

\network\admin\tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

sorcl=

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.11.12.2)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

(UR=A)

)

)

报错二、RMAN-07536: command not allowed when connected to a Pluggable Database

处理方法：修改target后面tns连接名，服务名执行cdb而非pdb

报错三、

Starting backup at 2018:03:3122:58:42

using channel ORA_DISK_1

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 03/31/2018 22:58:44

RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database

RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script

RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 03/31/2018 22:58:44

ORA-17627: ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3701

Additional information: 1724833639

ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server

本案例处理方法：主备服务器的tnsnames.ora修改为一致，切记漏改

报错三：

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "create spfile from memory";

shutdown clone immediate;( 修改完后一定得改成spfile启动，负责会报错)

startup clone nomount;

restore clone from service 'cdb' standby controlfile;

}

executing Memory Script

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 03/31/2018 23:20:35

RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database

RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script

RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

处理方法：实例从pfile启动后没有改成spfile启动，修改后再次复制成功