AIX、HP-UX、Linux、Solaris 常用命令及配置文件对照表

1对照表（一）

Directory Mappings	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Root filesystem	/              {/dev/hd4}	/       {/dev/ad0s1a}	/          {/dev/vg00/lvol1}	/                  {/dev/sda1}	/  {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol}	/     {/dev/rz0a}
Home Directory	/home          {/dev/hd1}		/home      {/dev/vg00/lvol4}		/export/home         /dev/vx/dsk/home}
	/tmp           {/dev/hd3}		/tmp       {/dev/vg00/lvol6}		/tmp       /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
	/usr           {/dev/hd2}	/usr    {/dev/ad0s1f}	/usr       {/dev/vg00/lvol7}		/usr	/usr    {/dev/rz0g}
	/var        {/dev/hd9var}	/var    {/dev/ad0s1e}	/var       {/dev/vg00/lvol8}		/var
Sample configuration files	-		/usr/newconfig
User Accounts	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
Password files	/etc/passwd  /etc/security/passwd	/etc/passwd  /etc/master.passwd	/etc/passwd  /tcb/files/auth/r/root	/etc/passwd  /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd   /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd
Groups file	/etc/group  /etc/security/group	/etc/group	/etc/group  /etc/logingroup	/etc/group	/etc/group	/etc/group
Maximum # of user ID	4294967295	65535	2147483647	65535	2147483647	65535
Allow/Deny remote login	/etc/security/user  {rlogin=true}	/etc/ttys   {secure}	/etc/securetty  {console}	/etc/securetty  {ttyp1}	/etc/default/login  {CONSOLE=/dev/console}	/etc/securettys  {ttyp1}
User nobody's id #	4294967294	65534	-2	99	60001 & 65534(nobody4)	65534
Group nobody's id #	4294967294	65534	-2(nogroup)	99	60002 & 65534(nogroup)	65534
Recover root password	boot from CD/Tape  Installation/Maintenance Start Limited Shell  getrootfs hdisk0  vi /etc/security/passwd	ok boot -s  passwd root	>boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -iS  passwd root	{lilo} control-x linux S passwd root {grub} c kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single   ro root=/dev/hda8 initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img boot passwd root	boot cdrom -s  mkdir /tmp/a  mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a  vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow	press the HALT Button or (Control-P)  >>>boot -fl s  lsmbstartup  /sbin/bcheckrc  passwd root
Create new user	mkuser	adduser	useradd	useradd	useradd	useradd
Delete user	rmuser	rmuser	userdel	userdel	userdel	userdel
List users	lsuser -f ALL		logins		logins
Modify user account	chuser -a		usermod	usermod	usermod	usermod
General Commands	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
Unique host ID	hostid		uname -i	hostid	hostid	hostid
Administrator	smit		sam	linuxconf	admintool	sysman
Performance monitor	top  monitor	top	top  glance	top	top	top
System activity reporter	sar	sa	sar	sar {sysstat}	sar	/usr/opt/svr4/bin/sar
Virtual Memory statistics	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat
I/O statistics	iostat	iostat	iostat	iostat {sysstat}	iostat	iostat
Error logs	alog -o -t boot  errpt	dmesg	dmesg	dmesg	dmesg	uerf -R -o full
Physical RAM	1TB		4TB	64 GB {>2.3.24}	16TB	4TB
Shared Memory	2.75GB		8TB	sysctl kernel.shmmax
Process Data Space	2GB		4GB	900 MB
Swap device	/dev/hd6	/dev/ad0s1b	/dev/vg00/lvol2	/dev/sda2	/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol	/dev/rz0b
Swap file type	/etc/swapspaces	swap	swap	partition type 82	swap	raw
Display swap size	lsps -a	swapinfo	swapinfo -a	free	swap -l	swapon -s
Activate Swap	swapon -a	swapon -a	swapon -a	swapon -a	swap -a	swapon -a

2对照表（二）

Printers	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX	Solaris	Tru64
Printer Queues	/etc/qconfig	/var/spool/print	/etc/lp/interface/*	/var/spool/lpd/lp/*	/etc/lp/interfaces/*	/usr/spool/lpd
Stop LP	stopsrc -s lpd		lpshut	/etc/init.d/lpd stop	/usr/lib/lp/lpshut	/sbin/init.d/lpd stop
Start LP	startsrc -s lpd	lpd	lpsched	/etc/init.d/lpd start	/usr/lib/lp/lpsched	/sbin/init.d/lpd start
Submit print jobs	enq  lp  lpr  qprt	lp	lp	lpr	lp  lpr	lp  lpr
LP statistics	enq -A  lpq  lpstat  qchk	lpq	lpstat	lpq	lpstat	lpstat
Remove print jobs	cancel  lprm  qcan  enq -x	cancel  lprm	cancel	lprm	cancel  lprm	cancel  lprm
Add printer queue	smit mkpq		lpadmin -p pq	printtool	lpadmin -p pq	lprsetup
Remove Printer queue	smit rmpq		lpadmin -x pq		lpadmin -x pq	lprsetup
Make default printer	export LPDEST="pq"		lpadmin -d pq		lpadmin -d pq	export PRINTER="lp"
TCP/IP	AIX		HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
Network IP configuration	lsattr -E -l inet0	/etc/rc.conf	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf	/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/	/etc/hostname.*  /etc/inet/*  /etc/defaultrouter	/etc/rc.config
Hosts IP addresses	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/inet/hosts	/etc/hosts
Name service switch	/etc/netsvc.conf	/etc/host.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/svc.conf
Network parameters	no -a	sysctl	ndd -h	sysctl -a | grep net	ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?
Routing daemon	gated	routed	gated	routed	in.routed	routed
NIC Configurations	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a	lanscan -v	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Address	ifconfig en0 alias IP	ifconfig xl0 alias IP	ifconfig lan0:1 IP	modprobe ip_alias  ifconfig eth0:1 IP	ifconfig hme0:1 IP up	ifconfig ln0 alias
Login prompt	HERALD @  /etc/security/login.cfg		telnetd -b /etc/issue	/etc/issue	BANNER @  /etc/default/telnetd	/etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals	odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" |  odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P reboot		rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#   NSTRPY=# reboot insf -d ptys -n #  insf -d ptym -n #  insf -d pts -s # -e -v	cd /dev  ./MAKEDEV -v pty	{/etc/system}  set pt_cnt = #   {SYSV}  set npty = #      {BSD} {/etc/iu.ap}  ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat halt  boot -r	cd /dev  ./MAKEDEV PTY_1
Maximum # of ptys	512		{MAXUSERS}	256	176                {BSD}  3000              {SYSV}	8192
Remote Shell	remsh  rsh	rsh	remsh	rsh	rsh	rsh
YP/NIS service binder	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/usr/sbin/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/sbin/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/usr/sbin/ypbind

3对照表（三）

System Files	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
NFS exported	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/dfs/dfstab  /etc/dfs/sharetab	/etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories	/etc/xtab		/etc/xtab	/var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/rmtab	/var/adm/mountdtab
Max File System	128 GB		128 GB	2 TB	1 TB 8000 TB {vxfs}	128 GB {<= 3.2G}  512 GB {>= 4.0}  16 TB {advfs}
Max File Size	64 GB		128 GB	2 GB     {512B block size}   8192 GB  {8KB block size}	1 TB 2 GB {=<2.5.1}	128 GB {<= 3.2G}  512 GB {>= 4.0}  16 TB {advfs}
Max # File Descriptors	64 K		60~ K	sysctl fs.file-max	64 K	64 K
DISK/LVM Commands	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX:Disk &Filesystem	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Filesystem table	/etc/filesystems	/etc/fstab	/etc/fstab	/etc/fstab	/etc/vfstab	/etc/fstab
Free disk blocks	df -k	df -k	bdf	df -k	df -k	df -k
Device listing	lsdev -C		/sbin/ioscan	cat /proc/devices	sysdef
Disk information	bootinfo -s hdisk#	fdisk -v ad0	diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#	cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model	format -d c#t#d#  format>current  format>inquiry	file /dev/rrz0c
Disk Label	lspv -l hdisk#	disklabel ad0	pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#	fdisk -l	prtvtoc	disklabel -p rz0
LVM Concepts	Partition	sub disk	logical extents	logical extents	sub disk	sub disk
	Volume	Volume	logical volume	logical volume	Volume	Volume
		Plex			Plex	Plex
	Volume group		volume group	volume group	disk group	disk group
Journal Filesystem type	jfs		vxfs	ext3 reiserfs	vxfs	advfs
Default volume group	/dev/rootvg		/dev/vg00		/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg	/dev/vol/rootdg
Display volume group	lsvg -l rootvg		vgdisplay -v vg00	vgdisplay -v	vxprint -l -g rootdg	volprint -l -g rootdg
Modify physical volume	chpv		pvchange	pvchange
Prepare physical disk	mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#		pvcreate	pvcreate	vxdiskadd	voldiskadd
List physical volume	lspv	vinum ld	pvdisplay	pvdisplay	vxprint -dl	volprint -dl
Remove disk from volume group	reducevg		vgreduce	vgreduce	vxdg rmdisk	voldg rmdisk
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes	migratepv	vinum move -f drive object	pvmove	pvmove	vxassist move	volassist move
Create volume group	mkvg		vgcreate	vgcreate	vxdg init	voldg init
Remove volume group			vgremove	vgremove
Volume group availability	chvg  varyonvg  varyoffvg		vgchange	vgchange
Restore volume group			vgcfgrestore	vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group	exportvg		vgexport	vgexport	vxdg deport	voldg deport
Imports volume group	importvg		vgimport	vgimport	vxdg import	voldg import
Volume group listing	lsvg		vgscan	vgscan
Change logical volume characteristics	chlv		lvchange	lvchange	vxedit set	voledit set
List logical volume	lslv	vinum lv	lvdisplay	lvdisplay	vxprint -vl	volprint -vl
Make logical volume	mklv		lvcreate	lvcreate	vxassist make	volassist make
Extend logical volume	extendlv		lvextend	lvextend	vxassist growto	volassist growto
Reduce logical volume	AIX reduce LV		lvreduce	lvreduce	vxassist shrinkto	volassist shrinkto
Remove logical volume	rmlv	vinum rm vol	lvremove	lvremove	vxedit rm	voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1
Prepare boot volumes	bootlist -m normal		lvlnboot	lilo	vxbootsetup
Remove boot volumes			lvrmboot
Extend File system	chfs -a size=# /mt		extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8  fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt	resize2fs resize_reiserfs	vxva  mkfs -M
Reduce/Split mirrors	rmlvcopy		lvsplit	lvsplit
Merge mirrors			lvmerge	lvmerge
Create mirrors	mklv -c 2	vinum mirror drive	lvcreate -m 1		vxassist mirror	volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true
Add mirrors	mklvcopy lv 2		lvextend -m 1
Create striped volumes	mklv -u 3 -S 64K	vinum stripe drive	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64	vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5	volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe
System recovery tape	mksysb -i /dev/rmt0		/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery			/usr/sys/bin/btcreate
Backup	savevg -i rootvg	vinum saveconfig	fbackup	tar cvf /dev/rst0 /	ufsdump	vdump
Restore	restvg		frecover	tar xvf /dev/rst0	ufsrestore	vrestore

4对照表（四）

MISC	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Startup script	/etc/rc	/etc/rc	/sbin/rc	/etc/rc.d/rc	/etc/init.d	/sbin/init.d
Kernel	/usr/lib/boot/unix_up	/kernel	/stand/vmunix	/boot/vmlinuz	/kernel/genunix	/vmunix
Kernel Parameters	lsattr -E -l sys0	sysctl -a	sysdef  kmtune  kmsystem	sysctl -a	sysdef -i	sysconfig  dxkerneltuner
Reconfigure the kernel	chdev -l sys0 -a	cd /sys/i386/conf  vi KERNEL  config KERNEL  cd ../../compile/KERNEL make depend  make  make install	cd /stand/build  /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system  vi system  mk_kernel -s system  cd /stand  mv system system.prev  mv vmunix vmunix.prev  mv dlkm dlkm.prev  mv /stand/build/system system  kmupdate /stand/build/vmunix_test	cd /usr/src/linux   make mrproper   make menuconfig   make dep   make clean   make bzImage  make install  make modules  make modules_install cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16  mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img 2.2.16  vi /etc/lilo.conf  lilo	vi /etc/system  reboot	doconfig
List modules	genkex	kldstat	kmadmin -s	lsmod	modinfo
Load module		kldload	kmadmin -L	insmod	modload
Unload module		kldunload	kmadmin -U	rmmod	modunload
Initialize system	install_assist	/stand/sysinstall	set_parms initial	netconf	sys-unconfig	netsetup
Physical RAM	bootinfo -r	sysctl hw.physmem	grep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log	free	prtconf	uerf | grep memory
Kernel Bits	bootinfo -K		getconf KERNEL_BITS	getconf LONG_BIT	isainfo -kv	64
Crash utility	crash	crash	adb	lcrash	crash	kdbx
Trace System Calls	syscalls	truss	tusc	strace	truss	trace
Machine model	uname -m  bootinfo -m	uname -m	model  uname -m	uname -m	uname -imp	uname -p
OS Level	oslevel	uname -r	uname -r	uname -r	uname -r	sizer -v
Run Level	who -r		who -r	runlevel	who -r	who -r
Core dump files	/var/adm/ras		/var/adm/crash		/var/crash/`uname -n`
Boot single user	Key on service mode/F4  Boot from CD/Tape  Select Maintenance  Limited function Shell	ok boot -s	>boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -iS	{lilo} control-x linux S {grub} c kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single   ro root=/dev/hda8 initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img boot	ok boot -s	>>> boot -fl s
Maintenance mode		ok boot -as	>boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -lm		ok boot -as
Interrupt Key			control-B		Stop-A	control-P
Return to console			co		ok go
Timezone Management	/etc/environment /etc/profile	/etc/localtime	/etc/TIMEZONE	/etc/sysconfig/clock	/etc/TIMEZONE /etc/default/init	/etc/svid3_tz timezone
NTP Daemon	/etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd	/etc/rc.conf {xntpd_enable="YES"} /etc/rc.network	/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons /sbin/init.d/xntpd	/etc/ntp.conf /etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd	/etc/inet/ntp.conf /etc/init.d/xntpd	rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES /sbin/init.d/xntpd
Software	AIX		HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Install Software	installp -a	pkg_add	swinstall	rpm -i package	pkgadd	setld -l
Uninstall software	installp -u	pkg_delete	swremove	rpm -e package	pkgrm	setld -d
List installed software	lslpp -L all	pkg_info -a	swlist	rpm -qa	pkginfo	setld -i
Verify installed software	lppchk -v		swlist -l fileset -a state	rpm -V package	pkginfo -i  pkginfo -p	setld -v
List all files	lslpp -f fileset	pkg_info -L package	swlist -l file fileset	rpm -ql package	pkgchk -l package	setld -i package
List installed patches	instfix -i		swlist -l patch  what /stand/vmunix		patchadd -p	dupatch -track -type patch
Package owner	lslpp -w path		swlist -l file | grep path	rpm -qf file	pkgchk -l -p path
SW Directory	/usr/lpp	/var/db/pkg	/var/adm/sw/	/var/lib/rpm	/var/sadm	/var/adm/smlogs

5对照表（五）

Devices	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Devices	/dev	/dev	/dev	/dev	/devices	/dev
Install devices for attached peripherals	cfgmgr -v	/dev/MAKEDEV	insf -e	/dev/MAKEDEV	drvconfig  devlinks  disks  tapes  ports	scu scan edt scsimgr -scan_all
Remove device	rmdev -l		rmsf		rem_drv
Device drivers	lscfg		lsdev		prtconf -D
CPU	lsdev -Cc processor	sysctl hw.model	ioscan -fnC processor	cat /proc/cpuinfo	psrinfo -v	psrinfo -v
List Terminal	lsdev -Cc tty		ioscan -fnC tty		pmadm -l
Diagnostics	diag	pciconf -l	stm	lspci pnpdump	/usr/platform/`uname -m`/  sbin/prtdiag  ok test-all  /opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts
Whole Disk	/dev/hdisk#	/dev/ad0s1c	/dev/dsk/c#t#d0	/dev/sda	/dev/c#t#d0s2	/dev/rz0c
CDROM	/dev/cd0	/dev/acd0c	/dev/dsk/c#t2d0	/dev/cdrom	/dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2	/dev/rz3c
CDROM file type	cdrfs	cd9660	cdfs	iso9660	hsfs	cdfs
Rewinding tape drive	/dev/rmt0	/dev/rwt0d	/dev/rmt/0m	/dev/rst0               { c 9 0}	/dev/rmt/0	/dev/rmt0
Non-rewinding tape drive	/dev/rmt0.1	/dev/nrwt0d	/dev/rmt/0mn	/dev/nrst0           { c 9 128 }	/dev/rmt/0n	/dev/nrmt0
Floppy drive	/dev/rfd0	/dev/fd0	-	/dev/fd0	/dev/diskette	/dev/fd0c
Links	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
FAQ	AIX-FAQ	FreeBSD FAQ	HP-UX FAQ	LINUX FAQ	Solaris 2 FAQ	Tru64 FAQ
Online Manual	AIX 5.3 Docs	FreeBSD Hand Book	HP-UX Reference Manual	Linux Documentation Project	Solaris 10 Documentation	Tru64 Documents
Technical Support	p5 TechSupport		IT Resource Center	Red Hat support	SunSolve	Alpha Systems Support
Phone Number	1-800-CALL-AIX		1-800-633-3600	1-888-REDHAT1	1-800-USA-4SUN	1-800-474-6836
Free Software	Public Domain Software Library	FreeBSD Primary Site	HP-UX Ports	Linux Software Map	Sun Freeware	Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware
Certification	www.ibm.com		education.hp.com	RHCE	suned.sun.com	ASE Information