sqj155

mysql备份和恢复机制之Xtrabackup

说明：Xtrabackup是由percona提供的mysql数据库备份工具，据官方介绍，是一款开源能够对innodb和xtradb数据库进行热备的工具。

percona是mysql的分支，就是mysql的二次开发，对mysql的性能做了提升；mariadb也是mysql的一个分支

特点：

(1)备份过程快速、可靠

(2)备份过程不会打断正在执行的事务

(3)能够基于压缩等功能节约磁盘空间和流量

(4)自动实现备份检验

(5)还原速度快

第一大步：

安装

1.[root@mysql-master ~]#yum install percona-xtrabackup -y

2.创建数据库

create database test；
        use test;
        create table bak(id int ,name char(20));  创建表
        insert into bak values(1,'dog');

3.创建最小权限用户用来管理数据库，尽量不要使用root

MariaDB [(none)]> grant reload,lock tables,replication client on *.* to 'bakupuser'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

第二大步：进行完全备份

使用第一步创建的最小权限用户身份进行备份

root@mysql-master ~]#innobackupex --user=bakupuser --password=123456 /backup/
171227 19:56:21 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

Can't locate Digest/MD5.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at - line 693.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at - line 693.
171227 19:56:22 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: bakupuser, password: set, port: 0, socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Using server version 5.5.52-MariaDB
innobackupex version 2.3.6 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )
xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql
xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 5242880
171227 19:56:22 >> log scanned up to (1602621)
xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
171227 19:56:22 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/ibdata1
171227 19:56:23 >> log scanned up to (1602621)
171227 19:56:23 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 >> log scanned up to (1602621)
171227 19:56:24 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES...
171227 19:56:24 Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK...
171227 19:56:24 Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/db.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/db.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/db.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/host.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/host.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/host.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/user.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/user.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/user.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/func.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/func.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/func.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/plugin.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/plugin.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/plugin.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/servers.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/servers.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/servers.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/tables_priv.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/tables_priv.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/tables_priv.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/columns_priv.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/columns_priv.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/columns_priv.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_topic.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_topic.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_topic.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_category.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_category.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_category.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_relation.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_relation.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_relation.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_keyword.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_keyword.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/help_keyword.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_name.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_name.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_name.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_transition.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/proc.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/proc.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/proc.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/procs_priv.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/procs_priv.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/procs_priv.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/general_log.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSM to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/general_log.CSM
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSV to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/general_log.CSV
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/slow_log.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSM to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/slow_log.CSM
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSV to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/slow_log.CSV
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/event.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/event.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/event.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/proxies_priv.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/proxies_priv.MYI
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/mysql/proxies_priv.MYD
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [00] Writing test/db.opt
171227 19:56:24 [00]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/db.opt to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/db.opt
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/cond_instances.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/cond_instances.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_instances.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/file_instances.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/performance_timers.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/performance_timers.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_timers.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/setup_timers.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/threads.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/performance_schema/threads.frm
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./class/db.opt to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/class/db.opt
171227 19:56:24 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:24 [01] Copying ./class/tb.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/class/tb.frm
171227 19:56:25 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:25 [01] Copying ./test1/db.opt to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/test1/db.opt
171227 19:56:25 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:25 [01] Copying ./test1/course.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21/test1/course.frm
171227 19:56:25 [01]        ...done
171227 19:56:25 Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files
171227 19:56:25 [00] Writing xtrabackup_binlog_info
171227 19:56:25 [00]        ...done
171227 19:56:25 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...
xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): '1602621'
xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.
.171227 19:56:25 >> log scanned up to (1602621)

171227 19:56:25 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
171227 19:56:25 All tables unlocked
171227 19:56:25 Backup created in directory '/backup//2017-12-27_19-56-21'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000005', position '812'
171227 19:56:25 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
171227 19:56:25 [00]        ...done
171227 19:56:25 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
171227 19:56:25 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602621) to (1602621) was copied.
171227 19:56:25 completed OK!
[rootredis-master01 ~]# ls /backup/
2017-12-27_19-56-21
[rootmysql-master1 ~]# cd /backup/2017-12-27_19-56-21/      注：下面增量备份的东西就放在此目录下
[rootmysql-master1 2017-12-27_19-56-21]# ls
backup-my.cnf  ibdata1  performance_schema  test1                   xtrabackup_checkpoints  xtrabackup_logfile
class          mysql    test                xtrabackup_binlog_info  xtrabackup_info

第三大步：进行增量备份

说明【增量备份每个InnoDB的页面都会包含一个存储信息，每当相关的数据发生改变，相关的页面的存储就会自动增长。这正是InnoDB表可以进行增量备份的基础，即 innobackupex通过备份上次完全备份之后发生改变的页面来实现 innobackupex命令会在备份目录中创建一个新的以时间命名的目录以存放所有的增量备份数据。另外，在执行过增量备份之后再一次进行增量备份时，其 –incremental-basedir应该指向上一次的增量备份所在的目录注：增量备份仅能应用于InnoDB或XtraDB表，对于MyISAM表而言，执行增量备份时其实进行的是完全备份】

1.向表中插入新增数据

[rootmysql-master1 ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> insert into test1.course values(002,'linux');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.21 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from test1.course;
+------+-------+
| id   | name  |
+------+-------+
|    1 | math  |
|    2 | linux |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit;
Bye

2.进行增量备份：

[rootmysql-master1 ~]# innobackupex --incremental /backup/ --incremental-basedir=/backup/2017-12-27_19-56-21/  注：此目录为全量备份所在目录,也即指明在哪的基础上进行增量备份
171227 20:05:28 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

Can't locate Digest/MD5.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at - line 693.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at - line 693.
171227 20:05:28 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: (null), password: not set, port: 0, socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Using server version 5.5.52-MariaDB
innobackupex version 2.3.6 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )
incremental backup from 1602621 is enabled.
xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql
xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 5242880
171227 20:05:28 >> log scanned up to (1603665)
xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
xtrabackup: using the full scan for incremental backup
171227 20:05:29 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/ibdata1.delta
171227 20:05:29 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:29 >> log scanned up to (1603665)
171227 20:05:29 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES...
171227 20:05:29 Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK...
171227 20:05:29 Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files
171227 20:05:29 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/db.frm
171227 20:05:29 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:29 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/db.MYI
171227 20:05:29 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:29 [01] Copying ./mysql/db.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/db.MYD
171227 20:05:29 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:29 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/host.frm
171227 20:05:29 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:29 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/host.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/host.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/host.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/user.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/user.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/user.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/user.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/func.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/func.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/func.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/func.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/plugin.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/plugin.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/plugin.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/servers.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/servers.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/servers.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/tables_priv.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/tables_priv.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/tables_priv.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/tables_priv.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/columns_priv.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/columns_priv.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/columns_priv.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/columns_priv.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_topic.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_topic.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_topic.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_category.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_category.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_category.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_category.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_relation.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_relation.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_relation.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_relation.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_keyword.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_keyword.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_keyword.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/help_keyword.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_name.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_name.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_name.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_transition.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/proc.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/proc.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/proc.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/proc.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/procs_priv.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/procs_priv.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/procs_priv.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/procs_priv.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/general_log.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSM to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/general_log.CSM
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/general_log.CSV to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/general_log.CSV
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/slow_log.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSM to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/slow_log.CSM
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/slow_log.CSV to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/slow_log.CSV
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/event.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/event.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/event.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/event.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/proxies_priv.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYI to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/proxies_priv.MYI
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./mysql/proxies_priv.MYD to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/mysql/proxies_priv.MYD
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [00] Writing test/db.opt
171227 20:05:30 [00]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/db.opt to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/db.opt
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/cond_instances.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/cond_instances.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/events_waits_current.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/events_waits_history.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/events_waits_history_long.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_instances.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/file_instances.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/file_summary_by_event_name.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/mutex_instances.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/performance_timers.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/performance_timers.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/rwlock_instances.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/setup_consumers.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/setup_instruments.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/setup_timers.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/setup_timers.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/threads.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/performance_schema/threads.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./class/db.opt to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/class/db.opt
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./class/tb.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/class/tb.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./test1/db.opt to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/test1/db.opt
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [01] Copying ./test1/course.frm to /backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28/test1/course.frm
171227 20:05:30 [01]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files
171227 20:05:30 [00] Writing xtrabackup_binlog_info
171227 20:05:30 [00]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...
xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): '1603665'
xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.
.171227 20:05:30 >> log scanned up to (1603665)

171227 20:05:30 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
171227 20:05:30 All tables unlocked
171227 20:05:30 Backup created in directory '/backup//2017-12-27_20-05-28'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000005', position '1006'
171227 20:05:30 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
171227 20:05:30 [00]        ...done
171227 20:05:30 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
171227 20:05:30 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1603665) to (1603665) was copied.
171227 20:05:30 completed OK!

第四大步：模拟故障，进行数据库恢复

说明：【数据恢复准备：一般情况下，在备份完成后，数据尚且不能用于恢复操作， 因为备份的数据中可能会包含尚未提交的事务或已经提交但尚未同步至数据文件中的事务。因此，此时数据文件仍处理不一致状态。 “ 准备”的主要作用正是通过回滚未提交的事务及同步已经提交的事务至数据文件也使得数据文件处于一致性状态 “ 准备”(prepare)增量备份与整理完全备份有着一些不同，

尤其要注意的是：

(1)需要在每个备份(包括完全和各个增量备份)上，将已经提交的事务进行“重放”。“重放”之后，所有的备份数据将合并到完全备份上 。

(2)基于所有的备份将未提交的事务进行“回滚”。】

1.数据恢复准备

[rootmysql-master ~]# ls /backup/
2017-12-27_19-56-21  2017-12-27_20-05-28
执行操作（首先进行完全备份）：innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2017-12-27_19-56-21 
接着执行增量：innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only  2017-12-27_19-56-21   --incrementaldir=2017-12-27_20-05-28

【 注：需指明完全备份和增量备份目录，2017-12-27_19-56-21是完全备份目录，2017-12-27_20-05-28是增量备份目录】

2.模拟不小心删除数据库，并进行数据库恢复

（1）不小心删除数据库
[rootmysql-master ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[rootmysql-master mysql]# ls
aria_log.00000001  ib_logfile0  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000005        mysql.sock          test1
aria_log_control   ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.index         performance_schema
class              master.info  mysql-bin.000003  mysql-relay-log.000005  relay-log.info
ibdata1            mysql        mysql-bin.000004  mysql-relay-log.index   test
[rootmysql-master mysql]# rm -rf test1
[rootmysql-master mysql]# mysql -uroot
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| class              |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.10 sec)

(2)进行数据库恢复

[rootmysql-master]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2017-12-27_19-56-21/此处目录指定为全量备份时的目录，所以最终恢复后也只是全

量备份的数据，不能恢复完全
171227 20:43:45 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.3.6 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )
Original data directory /var/lib/mysql is not empty!

由于实验的时候忘记执行上面的数据恢复准备操作了，所以造成以上错误！

解决方案：

(3)
[rootmysql-master mysql]# cd /var/lib
[rootmysql-master lib]# cp -a mysql mysql.bak
[rootmysql-master lib]# rm -rf mysql
[rootmysql-master lib]# mkdir mysql
[rootmysql-master lib]# cd mysql
[rootmysql-master mysql]# ls
[rootmysql-master mysql]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2017-12-27_19-56-21/
171227 20:40:36 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

第五大步：连接数据库，查看数据库是否恢复

[rootmysql-master mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
[rootmysql-master mysql]# systemctl restart mariadb
[rootmysql-master mysql]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| class              |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| test1              |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from test1.course;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | math |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit;
Bye

注意：这里只恢复到第一次完整备份的状态，因为在执行 innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2017-12-27_19-56-21/恢复数据时备份目录指定错误，2017-12-27_19-56-21/是增量备份的目录，执行时看错了

由于前面忘了进行数据的重放和回滚，所以又重新创建了一个数据库重新演示一下

1.[rootmysql-master ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2017-12-27_21-11-13
171227 21:20:58 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.3.6 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )
innobackupex: Can't change dir to '/root/2017-12-27_21-11-13' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
xtrabackup: cannot my_setwd /root/2017-12-27_21-11-13
解决方法：带上路径，就好了，如下
[rootmysql-master ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/
171227 21:21:36 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
2.[rootmysql-master ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/2017-12-27_21-11-13 --incrementaldir=/backup/2017-12-27_21-13-57
3.模拟数据库误删除
[rootmysql-master mysql]# rm -rf test1
[rootmysql-master mysql]# ls /backup/
2017-12-27_21-11-13  2017-12-27_21-13-57
[rootmysql-master mysql]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2017-12-27_21-11-13 【注：全量备份目录】
171227 21:33:21 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.3.6 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )
Original data directory /var/lib/mysql is not empty!
恢复的时候发现出现如上错误
解决方法：删除/var/lib/mysql下的所有文件
[rootmysql-master mysql]# rm -rf *    
[rootmysql-master mysql]# ls
[rootmysql-master mysql]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2017-12-27_21-11-13 成功执行，此目录一定要是全量备份的目录，所以执行命

令的时候一定要找准
171227 21:35:41 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation
[rootmysql-master mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql ./*
[rootmysql-master mysql]# systemctl start mariadb
查看数据恢复情况：成功恢复
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from test1.course;
+------+-------+
| id   | name  |
+------+-------+
|    1 | math  |
|    2 | linux |
+------+-------+

你可能感兴趣的:(linux,运维)

android系统selinux中添加新属性property 辉色投像
1.定位/android/system/sepolicy/private/property_contexts声明属性开头：persist.charge声明属性类型：u:object_r:system_prop:s0图12.定位到android/system/sepolicy/public/domain.te删除neverallow{domain-init}default_prop:property
Linux下QT开发的动态库界面弹出操作（SDL2） 13jjyao QT类 qt 开发语言 sdl2 linux
需求：操作系统为linux，开发框架为qt，做成需带界面的qt动态库，调用方为java等非qt程序难点：调用方为java等非qt程序，也就是说调用方肯定不带QApplication::exec()，缺少了这个，QTimer等事件和QT创建的窗口将不能弹出(包括opencv也是不能弹出)；这与qt调用本身qt库是有本质的区别的思路：1.调用方缺QApplication::exec()，那么我们在接口
linux sdl windows.h,Windows下的SDL安装奔跑吧linux内核 linux sdl windows.h
首先你要下载并安装SDL开发包。如果装在C盘下，路径为C:\SDL1.2.5如果在WINDOWS下。你可以按以下步骤：1.打开VC++，点击"Tools",Options2,点击directories选项3.选择"Includefiles"增加一个新的路径。"C:\SDL1.2.5\include"4，现在选择"Libaryfiles“增加"C:\SDL1.2.5\lib"现在你可以开始编写你的第
linux中sdl的使用教程,sdl使用入门 Melissa Corvinus linux中sdl的使用教程
本文通过一个简单示例讲解SDL的基本使用流程。示例中展示一个窗口，窗口里面有个随机颜色快随机移动。当我们鼠标点击关闭按钮时间窗口关闭。基本步骤如下：1.初始化SDL并创建一个窗口。SDL_Init()初始化SDL_CreateWindow()创建窗口2.纹理渲染存储RGB和存储纹理的区别：比如一个从左到右由红色渐变到蓝色的矩形，用存储RGB的话就需要把矩形中每个点的具体颜色值存储下来；而纹理只是一
PHP环境搭建详细教程好看资源平台前端 php
PHP是一个流行的服务器端脚本语言，广泛用于Web开发。为了使PHP能够在本地或服务器上运行，我们需要搭建一个合适的PHP环境。本教程将结合最新资料，介绍在不同操作系统上搭建PHP开发环境的多种方法，包括Windows、macOS和Linux系统的安装步骤，以及本地和Docker环境的配置。1.PHP环境搭建概述PHP环境的搭建主要分为以下几类：集成开发环境：例如XAMPP、WAMP、MAMP，这
使用 FinalShell 进行远程连接（ssh 远程连接 Linux 服务器）编程经验分享开发工具服务器 ssh linux
目录前言基本使用教程新建远程连接连接主机自定义命令路由追踪前言后端开发，必然需要和服务器打交道，部署应用，排查问题，查看运行日志等等。一般服务器都是集中部署在机房中，也有一些直接是云服务器，总而言之，程序员不可能直接和服务器直接操作，一般都是通过ssh连接来登录服务器。刚接触远程连接时，使用的是XSHELL来远程连接服务器，连接上就能够操作远程服务器了，但是仅用XSHELL并没有上传下载文件的功能
libyuv之linux编译 jaronho Linux linux 运维服务器
文章目录一、下载源码二、编译源码三、注意事项1、银河麒麟系统（aarch64）（1）解决armv8-a+dotprod+i8mm指令集支持问题（2）解决armv9-a+sve2指令集支持问题一、下载源码到GitHub网站下载https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv源码，或者用直接用git克隆到本地，如：gitclonehttps://github.com/lemenko
ARM驱动学习之5 LEDS驱动 JT灬新一嵌入式 C 底层 arm开发学习单片机
ARM驱动学习之5LEDS驱动知识点：•linuxGPIO申请函数和赋值函数–gpio_request–gpio_set_value•三星平台配置GPIO函数–s3c_gpio_cfgpin•GPIO配置输出模式的宏变量–S3C_GPIO_OUTPUT注意点：DRIVER_NAME和DEVICE_NAME匹配。实现步骤：1.加入需要的头文件：//Linux平台的gpio头文件#include//三
【华为OD技术面试真题精选 - 非技术题】 -HR面，综合面_华为od hr面一个射手座的程序媛程序员华为od 面试职场和发展
最后的话最近很多小伙伴找我要Linux学习资料，于是我翻箱倒柜，整理了一些优质资源，涵盖视频、电子书、PPT等共享给大家！资料预览给大家整理的视频资料：给大家整理的电子书资料：如果本文对你有帮助，欢迎点赞、收藏、转发给朋友，让我有持续创作的动力！网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。需要这份系统化的资料的朋友，可以点击这里获
简介Shell、zsh、bash zhaosuningsn Shell zsh bash shell linux bash
Shell是Linux和Unix的外壳，类似衣服，负责外界与Linux和Unix内核的交互联系。例如接收终端用户及各种应用程序的命令，把接收的命令翻译成内核能理解的语言，传递给内核，并把内核处理接收的命令的结果返回给外界，即Shell是外界和内核沟通的桥梁或大门。Linux和Unix提供了多种Shell，其中有种bash，当然还有其他好多种。Mac电脑中不但有bash，还有一个zsh，预装的，据说
Linux MariaDB使用OpenSSL安装SSL证书 Meta39 MySQL Oracle MariaDB Linux Windows ssl linux mariadb
进入到证书存放目录，批量删除.pem证书警告：确保已经进入到证书存放目录find.-typef-iname\*.pem-delete查看是否安装OpenSSLopensslversion没有则安装yuminstallopensslopenssl-devel开启SSL编辑/etc/my.cnf文件（没有的话就创建，但是要注意，在/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf配置了datadir的，
【从浅识到熟知Linux】Linux发展史 Jammingpro 从浅学到熟知Linux linux 运维服务器
归属专栏：从浅学到熟知Linux个人主页：Jammingpro每日努力一点点，技术变化看得见文章前言：本篇文章记录Linux发展的历史，因在介绍Linux过程中涉及的其他操作系统及人物，本文对相关内容也有所介绍。文章目录Unix发展史Linux发展史开源Linux官网企业应用情况发行版本在学习Linux前，我们可能都会问Linux从哪里来？它是如何发展的。但在介绍Linux之前，需要先介绍一下Un
linux 发展史种树的猴子内核 java 操作系统 linux 大数据
linux发展史说明此前对linux认识模糊一知半解，近期通过学习将自己对于linux的发展总结一下方便大家日后的学习。那Linux是目前一款非常火热的开源操作系统，可是linux是什么时候出现的，又是因为什么样的原因被开发出来的呢。以下将对linux的发展历程进行详细的讲解。目录一、Linux发展背景二、UINIX的诞生三、UNIX的重要分支-BSD的诞生四、Minix的诞生五、GNU与Free
Linux sh命令 fengyehongWorld Linux linux
目录一.基本语法二.选项2.1-c字符串中读取内容，并执行2.1.1基本用法2.1.2获取当前目录下失效的超链接2.2-x每个命令执行之前，将其打印出来2.3结合Here文档使用一.基本语法⏹Linux和Unix系统中用于执行shell脚本或运行命令的命令。sh[选项][脚本文件][参数...]⏹选项-c：从字符串中读取内容，并执行。-x：在每个命令执行之前，将其打印出来。-s：从标准流中读取内容
Linux vi常用命令 fengyehongWorld Linux linux
参考资料viコマンド（vimコマンド）リファレンス目录一.保存系命令二.删除系命令三.移动系命令四.复制粘贴系命令一.保存系命令⏹保存并退出:wq⏹强制保存并退出:wq!⏹退出(文件未编辑):q⏹强制退出(忽略已编辑内容):q!⏹另存为:w新文件名二.删除系命令⏹删除当前行dd⏹清空整个文档gg：移动到文档顶部dG：删除到最后一行ggdG三.移动系命令⏹移动到文档顶部gg⏹移动到文档底部#方式1G
Linux查看服务器日志 TPBoreas 运维 linux 运维
一、tail这个是我最常用的一种查看方式用法如下：tail-n10test.log查询日志尾部最后10行的日志;tail-n+10test.log查询10行之后的所有日志;tail-fn10test.log循环实时查看最后1000行记录(最常用的)一般还会配合着grep用，(实时抓包)例如:tail-fn1000test.log|grep'关键字'（动态抓包）tail-fn1000test.log
笋丁网页自动回复机器人V3.0.0免授权版源码希希分享软希网58soho_cn 源码资源笋丁网页自动回复机器人
笋丁网页机器人一款可设置自动回复，默认消息，调用自定义api接口的网页机器人。此程序后端语言使用Golang，内存占用最高不超过30MB，1H1G服务器流畅运行。仅支持Linux服务器部署，不支持虚拟主机，请悉知！使用自定义api功能需要有一定的建站基础。源码下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/m0_66047725/89754250更多资源下载：关注我。安
Linux CTF逆向入门蚁景网络安全 linux 运维 CTF
1.ELF格式我们先来看看ELF文件头，如果想详细了解，可以查看ELF的manpage文档。关于ELF更详细的说明：e_shoff：节头表的文件偏移量（字节）。如果文件没有节头表，则此成员值为零。sh_offset：表示了该section（节）离开文件头部位置的距离+-------------------+|ELFheader|---++--------->+-------------------
NPM私库搭建-verdaccio（Linux） Beam007 npm linux 前端
1、安装nodelinux服务器安装nodea)、官网下载所需的node版本https://nodejs.org/dist/v14.21.0/b)、解压安装包若下载的是xxx.tar.xz文件，解压命令为tar-xvfxxx.tar.xzc)、修改环境变量修改：/etc/profile文件#SETPATHFORNODEJSexportNODE_HOME=NODEJS解压安装的路径exportPAT
C++常见知识掌握 nfgo c++开发语言
1.Linux软件开发、调试与维护内核与系统结构Linux内核是操作系统的核心，负责管理硬件资源，提供系统服务，它是系统软件与硬件之间的桥梁。主要组成部分包括：进程管理：内核通过调度器分配CPU时间给各个进程，实现进程的创建、调度、终止等操作。使用进程描述符（task_struct）来存储进程信息，包括状态（就绪、运行、阻塞等）、优先级、内存映射等。内存管理：包括物理内存和虚拟内存管理。通过页表映
linux脚本sed替换变量,sed 命令中替换值为shell变量诺坎普之约 linux脚本sed替换变量
文章目录sed命令中替换值为shell变量替换基本语法sed中替换使用shell变量总结参考文档sed命令中替换值为shell变量替换基本语法大家都是sed有很多用法，最多就应该是替换一些值了。让我们先回忆sed的替换语法。在sed进行替换的时候sed-i's/old/new/g'1.txtecho"hellooldfrank"|sed's/old/new/g'结果如下：hellonewfrank
RK3229_Android9.0_Box 4G模块EC200A调试 suifen_ 网络
0、kernel修改这部分完全可以参考Linux的移植：RK3588EC200A-CN【4G模块】调试_rkec200a-cn-CSDN博客1、修改device/rockchip/rk322xdiff--gita/device.mkb/device.mkindexec6bfaa..e7c32d1100755---a/device.mk+++b/device.mk@@-105,6+105,8@@en
linux 安装Sublime Text 3 hhyiyuanyu Python学习 linux sublime text
方法/步骤打开官网http://www.sublimetext.com/3，选择64位进行下载执行命令wgethttps://download.sublimetext.com/sublime_text_3_build_3126_x64.tar.bz2进行下载3、下载完成进行解压,执行tar-xvvfsublime_text_3_build_3126_x64.tar.bz解压4、解压完成以后，移动到
2020年最新程序员职业发展路线指南，超详细！编程流川枫 11 编程语言程序员互联网 IT 职业
【文章来源微信公众号：每天学编程】01、程序员的特性技术出身的职场人特性很明显，与做市场、业务出身的职场人区别尤其明显。IT行业中常见的一些职场角色：老板、项目经理、产品经理、需求分析师、设计师、开发工程师、运维工程师等。开发工程师具有如下特征：1、逻辑思维清晰、严谨和细腻；但是有时不容易转弯，有些程序员容易较劲、钻牛角尖。2、性格偏内向、不善于沟通、表达和交际；但是在网络聊天工具上，有些显为幽默
【从问题中去学习k8s】k8s中的常见面试题（夯实理论基础）（二十八）向往风的男子 k8s 学习 kubernetes 容器
本站以分享各种运维经验和运维所需要的技能为主《python零基础入门》：python零基础入门学习《python运维脚本》：python运维脚本实践《shell》：shell学习《terraform》持续更新中：terraform_Aws学习零基础入门到最佳实战《k8》从问题中去学习k8s《docker学习》暂未更新《ceph学习》ceph日常问题解决分享《日志收集》ELK+各种中间件《运维日常》
KVM虚拟机源代码分析【转】 xidianjiapei001 #虚拟化技术
1.KVM结构及工作原理1.1KVM结构KVM基本结构有两部分组成。一个是KVMDriver，已经成为Linux内核的一个模块。负责虚拟机的创建，虚拟内存的分配，虚拟CPU寄存器的读写以及虚拟CPU的运行等。另外一个是稍微修改过的Qemu，用于模拟PC硬件的用户空间组件，提供I/O设备模型以及访问外设的途径。KVM基本结构如图1所示。其中KVM加入到标准的Linux内核中，被组织成Linux中标准
史上最全git命令,git回滚,git命令大全騒周其他 git
git命令大全一、Git整体理解二、由暂存区本地仓库三、由本地仓->远程仓库四、冲突处理五、Git分支操作六、bug的分支七、feature分支八、暂存的使用九、远程仓的操作十、标签的使用十一、Git配置全局信息十二、Linux的一些简单操作和一些符号的解释十三、符号解释十四、显示安装详细信息十五、gitconfig十六、Gitclone十七、Gitinit十八、gitstatus十九、gitre
【显示后台运行 & 的命令】晨春计 debug linux 服务器运维
目录背景步骤详解示例背景当你在Linuxshell中使用&符号将一个命令放到后台运行时，你可以使用jobs命令来查看这些后台进程的状态。但是，jobs命令并不会直接显示进程的PID（进程ID）。它会显示一个作业列表，其中包括每个作业的状态和一个作业标识符（通常是百分号%后面跟着一个数字），但不会直接显示PID。获取后台进程的PID步骤：1、使用jobs命令查看后台作业。2、使用ps命令配合grep
Android shell 常用 debug 命令晨春计 Audio debug android linux
目录1、查看版本2、am命令3、pm命令4、dumpsys命令5、sed命令6、log定位查看APK进程号7、log定位使用场景1、查看版本1.1、Android串口终端执行getpropro.build.version.release#获取Android版本uname-a#查看linux内核版本信息uname-r#单独查看内核版本1.2、linux服务器执行lsb_release-a#查看Lin
【nginx】ngx_http_proxy_connect_module 正向代理等风来不如迎风去网络服务入门与实战 nginx http 运维
50.65无法访问服务器，(403错误)50.196可以访问服务器。那么，配置65通过196访问。需要一个nginx作为代理【nginx】搭配okhttp配置反向代理发送原生的nginx是不支持okhttp的CONNECT请求的。大神竟然给出了一个java工程GINX编译ngx_http_proxy_connect_module及做正向代理是linux构建的。是windows构建的：编译Windo
jsonp 常用util方法 hw1287789687 jsonp jsonp常用方法 jsonp callback
jsonp 常用java方法 (1)以jsonp的形式返回:函数名(json字符串) /*** * 用于jsonp调用 * @param map : 用于构造json数据 * @param callback : 回调的javascript方法名 * @param filters : <code>SimpleBeanPropertyFilter theFilt
多线程场景 alafqq 多线程
0 能不能简单描述一下你在java web开发中需要用到多线程编程的场景？0 对多线程有些了解，但是不太清楚具体的应用场景，能简单说一下你遇到的多线程编程的场景吗？ Java多线程 2012年11月23日 15:41 Young9007 Young9007 4 0 0 4 Comment添加评论关注(2) 3个答案按时间排序按投票排序 0 0 最典型的如： 1、
Maven学习——修改Maven的本地仓库路径 Kai_Ge maven
安装Maven后我们会在用户目录下发现.m2 文件夹。默认情况下，该文件夹下放置了Maven本地仓库.m2/repository。所有的Maven构件(artifact)都被存储到该仓库中，以方便重用。但是windows用户的操作系统都安装在C盘，把Maven仓库放到C盘是很危险的，为此我们需要修改Maven的本地仓库路径。
placeholder的浏览器兼容 120153216 placeholder
【前言】自从html5引入placeholder后，问题就来了，不支持html5的浏览器也先有这样的效果，各种兼容，之前考虑，今天测试人员逮住不放，想了个解决办法，看样子还行，记录一下。【原理】不使用placeholder，而是模拟placeholder的效果，大概就是用focus和focusout效果。【代码】 <scrip
debian_用iso文件创建本地apt源 2002wmj Debian
1.将N个debian-506-amd64-DVD-N.iso存放于本地或其他媒介内，本例是放在本机/iso/目录下 2.创建N个挂载点目录如下： debian:~#mkdir –r /media/dvd1 debian:~#mkdir –r /media/dvd2 debian:~#mkdir –r /media/dvd3 …. debian:~#mkdir –r /media
SQLSERVER耗时最长的SQL 357029540 SQL Server
对于DBA来说，经常要知道存储过程的某些信息： 1. 执行了多少次 2. 执行的执行计划如何 3. 执行的平均读写如何 4. 执行平均需要多少时间列名 &
com/genuitec/eclipse/j2eedt/core/J2EEProjectUtil 7454103 eclipse
今天eclipse突然报了com/genuitec/eclipse/j2eedt/core/J2EEProjectUtil 错误，并且工程文件打不开了，在网上找了一下资料，然后按照方法操作了一遍，好了，解决方法如下：错误提示信息： An error has occurred.See error log for more details. Reason: com/genuitec/
用正则删除文本中的html标签 adminjun java html 正则表达式去掉html标签
使用文本编辑器录入文章存入数据中的文本是HTML标签格式，由于业务需要对HTML标签进行去除只保留纯净的文本内容，于是乎Java实现自动过滤。如下： public static String Html2Text(String inputString) { String htmlStr = inputString; // 含html标签的字符串 String textSt
嵌入式系统设计中常用总线和接口 aijuans linux 基础
嵌入式系统设计中常用总线和接口任何一个微处理器都要与一定数量的部件和外围设备连接，但如果将各部件和每一种外围设备都分别用一组线路与CPU直接连接，那么连线
Java函数调用方式——按值传递 ayaoxinchao java 按值传递对象基础数据类型
Java使用按值传递的函数调用方式，这往往使我感到迷惑。因为在基础数据类型和对象的传递上，我就会纠结于到底是按值传递，还是按引用传递。其实经过学习，Java在任何地方，都一直发挥着按值传递的本色。首先，让我们看一看基础数据类型是如何按值传递的。 public static void main(String[] args) { int a = 2;
ios音量线性下降 bewithme ios音量
直接上代码吧 //second 几秒内下降为0 - (void)reduceVolume:(int)second { KGVoicePlayer *player = [KGVoicePlayer defaultPlayer]; if (!_flag) { _tempVolume = player.volume;
与其怨它不如爱它 bijian1013 选择理想职业规划
抱怨工作是年轻人的常态，但爱工作才是积极的心态，与其怨它不如爱它。一般来说，在公司干了一两年后，不少年轻人容易产生怨言，除了具体的埋怨公司“扭门”，埋怨上司无能以外，也有许多人是因为根本不爱自已的那份工作，工作完全成了谋生的手段，跟自已的性格、专业、爱好都相差甚远。
一边时间不够用一边浪费时间 bingyingao 工作时间浪费
一方面感觉时间严重不够用，另一方面又在不停的浪费时间。每一个周末，晚上熬夜看电影到凌晨一点，早上起不来一直睡到10点钟，10点钟起床，吃饭后玩手机到下午一点。精神还是很差，下午像一直野鬼在城市里晃荡。为何不尝试晚上10点钟就睡，早上7点就起，时间完全是一样的，把看电影的时间换到早上，精神好，气色好，一天好状态。控制让自己周末早睡早起，你就成功了一半。有多少个工作
【Scala八】Scala核心二：隐式转换 bit1129 scala
Implicits work like this: if you call a method on a Scala object, and the Scala compiler does not see a definition for that method in the class definition for that object, the compiler will try to con
sudoku slover in Haskell (2) bookjovi haskell sudoku
继续精简haskell版的sudoku程序，稍微改了一下，这次用了8行，同时性能也提高了很多，对每个空格的所有解不是通过尝试算出来的，而是直接得出。 board = [0,3,4,1,7,0,5,0,0, 0,6,0,0,0,8,3,0,1, 7,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,6, 5,0,0,6,4,0,8,0,7,
Java-Collections Framework学习与总结-HashSet和LinkedHashSet BrokenDreams linkedhashset
本篇总结一下两个常用的集合类HashSet和LinkedHashSet。它们都实现了相同接口java.util.Set。Set表示一种元素无序且不可重复的集合；之前总结过的java.util.List表示一种元素可重复且有序
读《研磨设计模式》-代码笔记-备忘录模式-Memento bylijinnan java 设计模式
声明：本文只为方便我个人查阅和理解，详细的分析以及源代码请移步原作者的博客http://chjavach.iteye.com/ import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /* * 备忘录模式的功能是，在不破坏封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在对象之外保存这个状态，为以后的状态恢复作“备忘”
《RAW格式照片处理专业技法》笔记 cherishLC PS
注意，这不是教程！仅记录楼主之前不太了解的一、色彩（空间）管理作者建议采用ProRGB（色域最广），但camera raw中设为ProRGB，而PS中则在ProRGB的基础上，将gamma值设为了1.8（更符合人眼）注意：bridge、camera raw怎么设置显示、输出的颜色都是正确的（会读取文件内的颜色配置文件），但用PS输出jpg文件时，必须先用Edit->conv
使用 Git 下载 Spring 源码编译 for Eclipse crabdave eclipse
使用 Git 下载 Spring 源码编译 for Eclipse 1、安装gradle，下载 http://www.gradle.org/downloads 配置环境变量GRADLE_HOME，配置PATH %GRADLE_HOME%/bin，cmd，gradle -v 2、spring4 用jdk8 下载 https://jdk8.java.
mysql连接拒绝问题 daizj mysql 登录权限
mysql中在其它机器连接mysql服务器时报错问题汇总一、[running][email protected]:~$mysql -uroot -h 192.168.9.108 -p //带-p参数，在下一步进行密码输入 Enter password: //无字符串输入 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access
Google Chrome 为何打压 H.264 dsjt apple html5 chrome Google
Google 今天在 Chromium 官方博客宣布由于 H.264 编解码器并非开放标准，Chrome 将在几个月后正式停止对 H.264 视频解码的支持，全面采用开放的 WebM 和 Theora 格式。 Google 在博客上表示，自从 WebM 视频编解码器推出以后，在性能、厂商支持以及独立性方面已经取得了很大的进步，为了与 Chromium 现有支持的編解码器保持一致，Chrome
yii 获取控制器名和方法名 dcj3sjt126com yii framework
1. 获取控制器名在控制器中获取控制器名: $name = $this->getId(); 在视图中获取控制器名: $name = Yii::app()->controller->id; 2. 获取动作名在控制器beforeAction()回调函数中获取动作名: $name =
Android知识总结（二） come_for_dream android
明天要考试了，速速总结如下 1、Activity的启动模式 standard：每次调用Activity的时候都创建一个（可以有多个相同的实例，也允许多个相同Activity叠加。） singleTop：可以有多个实例，但是不允许多个相同Activity叠加。即，如果Ac
高洛峰收徒第二期：寻找未来的“技术大牛” ——折腾一年，奖励20万元 gcq511120594 工作项目管理
高洛峰，兄弟连IT教育合伙人、猿代码创始人、PHP培训第一人、《细说PHP》作者、软件开发工程师、《IT峰播》主创人、PHP讲师的鼻祖！首期现在的进程刚刚过半，徒弟们真的很棒，人品都没的说，团结互助，学习刻苦，工作认真积极，灵活上进。我几乎会把他们全部留下来，现在已有一多半安排了实际的工作，并取得了很好的成绩。等他们出徒之日，凭他们的能力一定能够拿到高薪，而且我还承诺过一个徒弟，当他拿到大学毕
linux expect heipark expect
1. 创建、编辑文件go.sh #!/usr/bin/expect spawn sudo su admin expect "*password*" { send "13456\r\n" } interact 2. 设置权限 chmod u+x go.sh 3.
Spring4.1新特性——静态资源处理增强 jinnianshilongnian spring 4.1
目录 Spring4.1新特性——综述 Spring4.1新特性——Spring核心部分及其他 Spring4.1新特性——Spring缓存框架增强 Spring4.1新特性——异步调用和事件机制的异常处理 Spring4.1新特性——数据库集成测试脚本初始化 Spring4.1新特性——Spring MVC增强 Spring4.1新特性——页面自动化测试框架Spring MVC T
idea ubuntuxia 乱码 liyonghui160com
1.首先需要在windows字体目录下或者其它地方找到simsun.ttf 这个字体文件。 2.在ubuntu 下可以执行下面操作安装该字体： sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/truetype/simsun sudo cp simsun.ttf /usr/share/fonts/truetype/simsun fc-cache -f -v
改良程序的11技巧 pda158 技巧
有很多理由都能说明为什么我们应该写出清晰、可读性好的程序。最重要的一点，程序你只写一次，但以后会无数次的阅读。当你第二天回头来看你的代码时，你就要开始阅读它了。当你把代码拿给其他人看时，他必须阅读你的代码。因此，在编写时多花一点时间，你会在阅读它时节省大量的时间。让我们看一些基本的编程技巧：尽量保持方法简短永远永远不要把同一个变量用于多个不同的
300个涵盖IT各方面的免费资源（下）——工作与学习篇 shoothao 创业免费资源学习课程远程工作
工作与生产效率: A. 背景声音 Noisli:背景噪音与颜色生成器。 Noizio:环境声均衡器。 Defonic:世界上任何的声响都可混合成美丽的旋律。 Designers.mx:设计者为设计者所准备的播放列表。 Coffitivity:这里的声音就像咖啡馆里放的一样。 B. 避免注意力分散 Self Co
深入浅出RPC uule rpc
深入浅出RPC-浅出篇深入浅出RPC-深入篇 RPC Remote Procedure Call Protocol 远程过程调用协议它是一种通过网络从远程计算机程序上请求服务，而不需要了解底层网络技术的协议。RPC协议假定某些传输协议的存在，如TCP或UDP，为通信程序之间携带信息数据。在OSI网络通信模型中，RPC跨越了传输层和应用层。RPC使得开发