Objective-C基础学习之NSDate 和 NSCalendar

1.NSDate基本概念

• NSDate可以用来表示时间, 可以进行一些常见的日期\时间处理

• 一个NSDate对象就代表一个时间

• [NSDate date]返回的就是当前时间

    NSDate *now = [NSDate date];
    NSLog(@"now = %@", now);
     // 设置转换后的目标日期时区
     NSTimeZone *zone = [NSTimeZone systemTimeZone];
     // 得到源日期与世界标准时间的偏移量
     NSInteger interval = [zone secondsFromGMTForDate: date];
     NSLog(@"interval = %lu", interval);
     // 在当前时间基础上追加时区差值
     now = [now dateByAddingTimeInterval:interval];
     NSLog(@"%@", date);

2.格式化日期

• NSDate -> NSString

    // 1.创建时间
    NSDate *now = [NSDate date];
    // 2.创建时间格式化
    NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    // 3.指定格式
    formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
    // 4.格式化时间
    NSString *str = [formatter stringFromDate:now];
    NSLog(@"%@", str);

• NSString -> NSDate

    NSString *str = @"2017-10-25 20:52:05";
    NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
    NSDate *date = [formatter dateFromString:str];
    NSLog(@"%@", date);

3.日期时间对象

• 结合NSCalendar和NSDate能做更多的日期\时间处理

• 获得NSCalendar对象

NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar currentCalendar];

• 获得年月日

- (NSDateComponents *)components:(NSCalendarUnit)unitFlags fromDate:(NSDate *)date;

    NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
    // 1.创建日历对象
    NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar currentCalendar];
    // 2.利用日历对象获取年月日时分秒
    NSCalendarUnit type = NSCalendarUnitYear | NSCalendarUnitMonth | NSCalendarUnitDay | NSCalendarUnitHour | NSCalendarUnitMinute | NSCalendarUnitSecond;
    NSDateComponents *cmps =[calendar components:type fromDate:date];
    NSLog(@"year = %lu", cmps.year);
    NSLog(@"month = %lu", cmps.month);
    NSLog(@"day = %lu", cmps.day);
    NSLog(@"hour = %lu", cmps.hour);
    NSLog(@"minute = %lu", cmps.minute);
    NSLog(@"second = %lu", cmps.second);
    NSLog(@"date = %@", date);

• 比较两个日期的差距

- (NSDateComponents *)components:(NSCalendarUnit)unitFlags fromDate:(NSDate *)startingDate toDate:(NSDate *)resultDate options:(NSCalendarOptions)opts;

    // 1.确定时间
    NSString *time1 = @"2017-10-23 12:18:15";
    NSString *time2 = @"2017-10-23 18:10:10";
    // 2.将时间转换为date
    NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
    NSDate *date1 = [formatter dateFromString:time1];
    NSDate *date2 = [formatter dateFromString:time2];
    // 3.创建日历
    NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar currentCalendar];
    NSCalendarUnit type = NSCalendarUnitYear | NSCalendarUnitMonth | NSCalendarUnitDay | NSCalendarUnitHour | NSCalendarUnitMinute | NSCalendarUnitSecond;
    // 4.利用日历对象比较两个时间的差值
    NSDateComponents *cmps = [calendar components:type fromDate:date1 toDate:date2 options:0];
    // 5.输出结果
    NSLog(@"两个时间相差%ld年%ld月%ld日%ld小时%ld分钟%ld秒", cmps.year, cmps.month, cmps.day, cmps.hour, cmps.minute, cmps.second);