使用Ionic + Apache Cordova开发跨平台混合型的移动应用 - 非常好的手机开发初级文章!!!!!!
http://blog.csdn.net/zoutongyuan/article/details/41910903?utm_source=tuicool
JavaScript 写多了，要想真正提高js水平，研究其他js框架源码是不错的选择。Github上大部分都是js、css相关的项目，可以有目的性的 check out 下来，研读研读，还是非常收益的，跟随nb的人，也会慢慢变的nb。
场景：有一个朋友，他公司是做移动应用开发的，3个安卓开发人员，3个iOS，然后是Java 开发，美工 ，10多个人的公司，主要是以接项目为主，一个项目（电商、微信、聊天 类型的）大概在20万左右， 差不多1个半月 做完（代码质量能不能保证，不知道，不过我觉得开发是一件很严谨的事，要开发出高性能、高健壮性的程序，还是很难的），公司销售很给力，能谈下好几个项目。问题来了，要能同时进行好几个项目，就要招移动开发的人，如果有时没接到项目，那 ，又会闲着。如果有些 客户 要 做 wp ，黑莓的 ，那就做不来了。于是迫切 想 找一些跨平台的 开发技术 来 解决问题？
这个场景是真实的，不是 yy，那么我们来玩玩 Ionic ，Apache Cordova 这些技术，这样我们就有更深入的 理解了。
我做过 一些 安卓的小东西，ios 没玩过；我是一个 web技术 狂热者，很看好web技术；我认为那些Android 、ios 等等 将会慢慢 被 web 技术 取代，浏览器 作为跨平台的中间件，将会成为主流。do not mind
尊重原创，转载请注明出去：http://blog.csdn.NET/zoutongyuan/article/details/41910903
进入主题吧。
1、Ionic 是什么？
好吧，我们看 Ionic 能给我们提供什么? 一个样式库，你可以使用它 来 装饰你的 HTML 网页 ，看起来 想 移动程序的 界面，什么 header 、content、footer、grid、list。这貌似没什么 实质性的东西， sencha touch ，jq 都能提供 。
一个用AngularJS 写的 工具库，姑且叫它 组件库吧。Ionic的 grid 设计的比较合理，比 bootstrap的 更强大。
当然它 还包含 了angular-animate、angular-resource、angular-sanitize、angular-ui-router，适应移动平台的模块库。
2、Apache Cordova 是什么？
Apache Cordova 提供用 Javascript 访问 移动平台 的 API 。
其内部是用每个 平台下的 web view 组件，运行 程序，然后实现了 每个平台下的 一套 CordovaLib 供你写的程序调用，然后你就可以 调用 摄像头、磁盘等 重api。
接下来 动手玩玩。首先安装nodejs，和平台的 （ios || android）sdk，这里不在 累述
1、先安装 cordova
npm install -g cordova2、安装 Ionic
npm install -g ionic3、创建项目
ionic start todo blank4、配置平台
ionic platform add android然后 在IDE中打开 项目：
www是主目录
index.html 是 主页面
刚才我们配置 平台的时候 ，工具帮我们做了一件事，创建 了一个 安卓 应用，
创建一个 CordovaApp 类，继承自 CordovaActivity ， Activity 是 安卓的4大组件，表示可以看到 了一块窗口。
它做了一个 引导，就是loadUrl，这里不做过多的 介绍，有兴趣 我们以后深入研究，这里我们只是 发散性的引导。
现在，你就可以使用 ionic 和 Apache Cordova 提供的 api 来 开发 跨平台的应用了。
来改我们的index.html
- >
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta charset="utf-8">
- <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no, width=device-width">
- <title>title>
- <link href="lib/ionic/css/ionic.css" rel="stylesheet">
- <link href="css/style.css" rel="stylesheet">
- <script src="lib/ionic/js/ionic.bundle.js">script>
- <script src="cordova.js">script>
- <script src="js/app.js">script>
- head>
- <body ng-app="todoApp" ng-controller="TodoController" ng-cloak>
- <ion-side-menus>
- <ion-side-menu-content>
- <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
- <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="toggleProjects()">
- <i class="icon ion-navicon">i>
- button>
- <h1 class="title">{{activeProject.title}}h1>
- <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()">
- <i class="icon ion-compose">i>
- button>
- ion-header-bar>
- <ion-content scroll="false">
- <ion-list>
- <ion-item ng-repeat="task in activeProject.tasks">
- {{task.title}}
- ion-item>
- ion-list>
- ion-content>
- ion-side-menu-content>
- <ion-side-menu side="left">
- <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark">
- <h1 class="title">Projectsh1>
- <button class="button button-icon ion-plus" ng-click="newProject()">
- button>
- ion-header-bar>
- <ion-content scroll="false">
- <ion-list>
- <ion-item ng-repeat="project in projects" ng-click="selectProject(project, $index)" ng-class="{active: activeProject == project}">
- {{project.title}}
- ion-item>
- ion-list>
- ion-content>
- ion-side-menu>
- ion-side-menus>
- <script id="new-task.html" type="text/ng-template">
- <div class="modal">
- <ion-header-bar class="bar-secondary">
- <h1 class="title">New Taskh1>
- <button class="button button-clear button-positive" ng-click="closeNewTask()">Cancelbutton>
- ion-header-bar>
- <ion-content>
- <form ng-submit="createTask(task)">
- <div class="list">
- <label class="item item-input">
- <input type="text" placeholder="What do you need to do?" autofocus ng-model="task.title">
- label>
- div>
- <div class="padding">
- <button type="submit" class="button button-block button-positive">Create Taskbutton>
- div>
- form>
- ion-content>
- div>
- script>
- body>
- html>
js/app.js
- var todoApp = angular.module('todoApp', ['ionic']);
- todoApp.run(function ($ionicPlatform) {
- $ionicPlatform.ready(function () {
- if (window.cordova && window.cordova.plugins.Keyboard) {
- cordova.plugins.Keyboard.hideKeyboardAccessoryBar(true);
- }
- if (window.StatusBar) {
- StatusBar.styleDefault();
- }
- });
- });
- todoApp.controller('TodoController', function ($scope, $timeout, $ionicModal, Projects, $ionicSideMenuDelegate) {
- // A utility function for creating a new project
- // with the given projectTitle
- var createProject = function (projectTitle) {
- var newProject = Projects.newProject(projectTitle);
- $scope.projects.push(newProject);
- Projects.save($scope.projects);
- $scope.selectProject(newProject, $scope.projects.length - 1);
- }
- // Load or initialize projects
- $scope.projects = Projects.all();
- // Grab the last active, or the first project
- $scope.activeProject = $scope.projects[Projects.getLastActiveIndex()];
- // Called to create a new project
- $scope.newProject = function () {
- var projectTitle = prompt('Project name');
- if (projectTitle) {
- createProject(projectTitle);
- }
- };
- // Called to select the given project
- $scope.selectProject = function (project, index) {
- $scope.activeProject = project;
- Projects.setLastActiveIndex(index);
- $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft(false);
- };
- // Create our modal
- $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('new-task.html', function (modal) {
- $scope.taskModal = modal;
- }, {
- scope: $scope
- });
- $scope.createTask = function (task) {
- if (!$scope.activeProject || !task) {
- return;
- }
- $scope.activeProject.tasks.push({
- title: task.title
- });
- $scope.taskModal.hide();
- // Inefficient, but save all the projects
- Projects.save($scope.projects);
- task.title = "";
- };
- $scope.newTask = function () {
- $scope.taskModal.show();
- };
- $scope.closeNewTask = function () {
- $scope.taskModal.hide();
- }
- $scope.toggleProjects = function () {
- $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft();
- };
- // Try to create the first project, make sure to defer
- // this by using $timeout so everything is initialized
- // properly
- $timeout(function () {
- if ($scope.projects.length == 0) {
- while (true) {
- var projectTitle = prompt('Your first project title:');
- if (projectTitle) {
- createProject(projectTitle);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- });
- });
- todoApp.factory('Projects', function () {
- return {
- all: function () {
- var projectString = window.localStorage['projects'];
- if (projectString) {
- return angular.fromJson(projectString);
- }
- return [];
- },
- save: function (projects) {
- window.localStorage['projects'] = angular.toJson(projects);
- },
- newProject: function (projectTitle) {
- // Add a new project
- return {
- title: projectTitle,
- tasks: []
- };
- },
- getLastActiveIndex: function () {
- return parseInt(window.localStorage['lastActiveProject']) || 0;
- },
- setLastActiveIndex: function (index) {
- window.localStorage['lastActiveProject'] = index;
- }
- }
- })
这个todo 我们没有用到 Apache Cordova 的api，所以，这个项目在浏览器中 也可以运行。
使用
$ ionic serve
在我的小米3 中 看看。使用下面命令，你可能要安装好 驱动，
$ ionic run android
最后编译，
$ cordova build --release android来评价这一些技术吧。
天下大势，合久必分，分久必合。
HTML5 + CSS3 + Javascript 最适合作为跨平台的技术栈，其开放 ，自由，每个人都可以 为这些技术的制定 ，发表意见 ，像 使用 svg 、canvas 、css 3动画 开发的游戏 ，已经在撼动 桌游， 手游 等 原生语言开发的 应用了，所以不仅仅是 应用。
而 Apache Cordova 只是 一个 过渡阶段的产物。对于 新技术的 出现 ，是值得鼓励的 。
让我们拭目以待，web 技术 明天的发展吧。
============================================================================
The following commands need to be ran:
1. npm install -g cordova
2. npm install -g ionic
3. ionic start
4. ionic platform add [ios|android]
5. npm install -g ios-sim
6. npm install -g iso-deploy //Xcode must be installed into Mac OS before install the iso-deploy plugin due that it depends on Xcode tool
7. ionic serve
8. ionic run [ios|android|browser]
run
[--livereload|-l] ........................ Live reload app dev files from the device (beta)
[--address] .............................. Use specific address (livereload req.)
[--port|-p] .............................. Dev server HTTP port (8100 default, livereload req.)
[--livereload-port|-r] ................... Live Reload port (35729 default, livereload req.)
[--consolelogs|-c] ....................... Print app console logs to Ionic CLI (livereload req.)
[--serverlogs|-s] ........................ Print dev server logs to Ionic CLI (livereload req.)
[--debug|--release] ......................
[--device|--emulator|--target=FOO]
- ionic run ios --device
- ionic run ios --emulator
- ionic run ios --target="iPhone-5s"
- ionic run ios --target="iPhone-6"
- ionic run ios --target="iPhone-6s"
- ionic run ios --emulator --target="iPhone-6s" -l
HaideMacBook-Pro:sampleApp2 liuhaidl$ ionic run ios --emulator --target="iPhone-6s" -l
Setup Live Reload
Multiple addresses available.
Please select which address to use by entering its number from the list below:
Note that the emulator/device must be able to access the given IP address
1) 192.168.31.241 (en0)
2) 9.197.226.42 (utun1)
com.ionicframework.sampleapp2937890: 17622
logPath: /Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp2/platforms/ios/cordova/console.log
JS changed: www/js/app.js
HTML changed: www/index.html
9. ionic emulate [ios|android]
============================================================================
Run Command: ionic run ios
Error: xcode-select: error: tool 'xcodebuild' requires Xcode, but active developer directory '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools' is a command line tools instance
Solution: install Xcode tool from apple appstore
Run Command: ionic run ios
Agreeing to the Xcode/iOS license requires admin privileges, please re-run as root via sudo.
Error: Error code 69 for command: xcodebuild with args: -xcconfig,/Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp/platforms/ios/cordova/build-debug.xcconfig,-project,sampleApp.xcodeproj,ARCHS=i386,-target,sampleApp,-configuration,Debug,-sdk,iphonesimulator,build,VALID_ARCHS=i386,CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR=/Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp/platforms/ios/build/emulator,SHARED_PRECOMPS_DIR=/Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp/platforms/ios/build/sharedpch
Solution: sudo ionic run ios
HaideMacBook-Pro:emulator liuhaidl$ ls -lrt
total 1768
drwxr-xr-x 3 root staff 102 2 7 21:39 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 904440 2 7 21:39 libCordova.a
drwxr-xr-x 3 root staff 102 2 7 21:39 sampleApp.app.dSYM
drwxr-xr-x 46 root staff 1564 2 7 21:39 sampleApp.app
HaideMacBook-Pro:emulator liuhaidl$ pwd
/Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp/platforms/ios/build/emulator
Run Command: sudo ionic run ios
Error: No target specified for emulator. Deploying to iPhone-SE, 10.2 simulator
An error was encountered processing the command (domain=com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimError, code=163):
Unable to lookup in current state: Shutdown
Solution: The above issue has been fixed after I have created a new project using ionic command"ionic start
Run Command: sudo ionic run ios
[....] Found 19759d43b40f63cc098d334c85af3798646b59c7 (N51AP, iPhone 5s (GSM), iphoneos, arm64) a.k.a. 'Angela' iPhone' connected through USB.
Error: 2017-02-07 21:59:20.470 ios-deploy[11231:428045] [ !! ] Can't access app path '/Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp/platforms/ios/build/device/sampleApp.app' : No such file or directory
Error: Error code 253 for command: ios-deploy with args: --justlaunch,--no-wifi,-d,-b,/Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp/platforms/ios/build/device/sampleApp.app
Solution: sudo ionic run ios --device
Run Command: sudo ionic run ios
Check dependencies
Signing for "sampleApp" requires a development team. Select a development team in the project editor.
Code signing is required for product type 'Application' in SDK 'iOS 10.2'
Check dependencies
(1 failure)
Error: Error code 65 for command: xcodebuild with args: -xcconfig,/Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp/platforms/ios/cordova/build-debug.xcconfig,-project,sampleApp.xcodeproj,ARCHS=armv7 arm64,-target,sampleApp,-configuration,Debug,-sdk,iphoneos,build,VALID_ARCHS=armv7 arm64,CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR=/Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp/platforms/ios/build/device,SHARED_PRECOMPS_DIR=/Users/liuhaidl/Desktop/AMTools/SourceCodes/mobile/sampleApp/platforms/ios/build/sharedpch
No target specified for emulator. Deploying to iPhone-SE, 10.2 simulator//This is not a issue. It just shows you we have not set the certain iso version for simulator for it.