在开文之前,首先了解几个问题
HTTPS(全称:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer),是以安全为目标的HTTP通道,简单讲是HTTP的安全版。即HTTP下加入SSL层,HTTPS的安全基础是SSL,因此加密的详细内容就需要SSL。 它是一个URI scheme(抽象标识符体系),句法类同http:体系。用于安全的HTTP数据传输。https:URL表明它使用了HTTP,但HTTPS存在不同于HTTP的默认端口及一个加密/身份验证层(在HTTP与TCP之间)。这个系统的最初研发由网景公司(Netscape)进行,并内置于其浏览器Netscape Navigator中,提供了身份验证与加密通讯方法。现在它被广泛用于万维网上安全敏感的通讯,例如交易支付方面。 [1]
- 什么是HTTPS?
超文本传输协议HTTP协议被用于在Web浏览器和网站服务器之间传递信息。HTTP协议以明文方式发送内容,不提供任何方式的数据加密,如果攻击者截取了Web浏览器和网站服务器之间的传输报文,就可以直接读懂其中的信息,因此HTTP协议不适合传输一些敏感信息,比如信用卡号、密码等。
为了解决HTTP协议的这一缺陷,需要使用另一种协议:安全套接字层超文本传输协议HTTPS。为了数据传输的安全,HTTPS在HTTP的基础上加入了SSL协议,SSL依靠证书来验证服务器的身份,并为浏览器和服务器之间的通信加密
- HTTPS和HTTP的区别?
HTTPS和HTTP的区别主要为以下四点:
一、https协议需要到ca申请证书,一般免费证书很少,需要交费。
二、http是超文本传输协议,信息是明文传输,https 则是具有安全性的ssl加密传输协议。
三、http和https使用的是完全不同的连接方式,用的端口也不一样,前者是80,后者是443。
四、http的连接很简单,是无状态的;HTTPS协议是由SSL+HTTP协议构建的可进行加密传输、身份认证的网络协议,比http协议安全。
带着这些问题去实现,详细了解可以 https://baike.baidu.com/item/https/285356?fr=aladdin 从此链接了解。
- 代码部分
现在第三方的网络框架也是比较多的,万变不离其中,其核心部分都是采用httpUrlConnection和httpClient 所以其中用那个访问都会配置一个SSLSocketFactory的父类,也就是和SSL协议相关。
- SSLSocketFactory实现部分
package com.nuctech.handheldlock.https;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
public class HttpClientSSLSocketFactory extends SSLSocketFactory {
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
public HttpClientSSLSocketFactory(KeyStore truststore)
throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException,
KeyStoreException, UnrecoverableKeyException {
super(truststore);
TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
String authType) throws CertificateException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
String authType) throws CertificateException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
};
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String host, int port,
boolean autoClose) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
return sslContext.getSocketFactory().createSocket(socket, host, port,
autoClose);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket() throws IOException {
return sslContext.getSocketFactory().createSocket();
}
}
public static HttpClient getNewHttpClient() {
try {
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
trustStore.load(null, null);
SSLSocketFactory sf = new HttpClientSSLSocketFactory(trustStore);
sf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, HTTP.UTF_8);
SchemeRegistry registry = new SchemeRegistry();
//registry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
registry.register(new Scheme("https", sf, 8443));
ClientConnectionManager ccm = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, registry);
return new DefaultHttpClient(ccm, params);
} catch (Exception e) {
return new DefaultHttpClient();
}
}
private static final String KEY_STORE_TYPE_BKS = "bks";
private static final String KEY_STORE_TYPE_P12 = "PKCS12";
private static final String SCHEME_HTTPS = "https";
private static final int HTTPS_PORT = 8444;
private static final String KEY_STORE_CLIENT_PATH = "iekey.p12";
private static final String KEY_STORE_TRUST_PATH = "client.truststore";
private static final String KEY_STORE_PASSWORD = "changeit";
private static final String KEY_STORE_TRUST_PASSWORD = "changeit";
private static KeyStore keyStore;
private static KeyStore trustStore;
public static HttpClient getSslHttpClient(Context pContext) {
HttpClient httpsClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
try {
// 服务器端需要验证的客户端证书
keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE_TYPE_P12);
// 客户端信任的服务器端证书
trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE_TYPE_BKS);
InputStream ksIn = pContext.getResources().getAssets()
.open(KEY_STORE_CLIENT_PATH);
InputStream tsIn = pContext.getResources().getAssets()
.open(KEY_STORE_TRUST_PATH);
try {
keyStore.load(ksIn, KEY_STORE_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
trustStore.load(tsIn, KEY_STORE_TRUST_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
ksIn.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
try {
tsIn.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
}
SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore,
KEY_STORE_PASSWORD, trustStore);
socketFactory.setHostnameVerifier(new X509HostnameVerifier() {
@Override
public void verify(String arg0, String[] arg1, String[] arg2)
throws SSLException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void verify(String arg0, X509Certificate arg1) throws SSLException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void verify(String arg0, SSLSocket arg1) throws IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return true;
}
});
Scheme sch = new Scheme(SCHEME_HTTPS, socketFactory , HTTPS_PORT);
httpsClient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry()
.register(sch);
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return httpsClient;
}
代码看起来比较多,但是只需要一个辅助类即可搞定这个类稍后我会上传上去。
上传不了啊,不好意思,有需要的可以直接联系。 QQ 85815924