【跟我学ogg12.3.0.1】第二节【Oracle GoldenGate之Oracle篇】3 建立Oracle GoldenGate证书

3 Establishing Oracle GoldenGate Credentials

了解如何为与数据库交互的进程创建数据库用户,分配正确的权限,并保护凭证不被未授权使用。

Topics

  • 为Oracle GoldenGate分配凭证
    对于您正在使用的数据库版本、数据库配置和Oracle GoldenGate特性,Oracle GoldenGate进程需要一个或多个具有正确数据库特权的数据库凭据。
    确保Oracle GoldenGate证书
    为了保护您数据的安全性,并准确地监视Oracle GoldenGate的处理,不允许其他用户、应用程序或进程以Oracle GoldenGate数据库用户的身份登录或操作。

3.1 为Oracle GoldenGate分配凭证

对于您正在使用的数据库版本、数据库配置和Oracle GoldenGate特性,Oracle GoldenGate进程需要一个或多个具有正确数据库特权的数据库凭据。
创建一个源数据库用户和一个目标数据库用户,每个用户在源和目标系统上都专用于oracle GoldenGate。对于必须连接到源或目标Oracle数据库的所有Oracle GoldenGate进程,分配的用户可以是相同的用户。

  • Extract User
  • Replicat User
  • Other Oracle GoldenGate Users
  • Granting the Appropriate User Privileges

Parent topic: Establishing Oracle GoldenGate Credentials

3.1.1 Extract User

Extract用户对源数据库执行元数据查询,并在需要时从源表获取数据。在集成捕获的本地挖掘部署中,该用户还创建、修改和连接到日志挖掘服务器,并从日志挖掘服务器接收逻辑更改记录(LCR)。 (See Deciding Which Capture Method to Use for more information about capture modes.)

如果源数据库是多租户容器数据库,则提取用户必须是公共用户,并且必须登录到根容器。有关更多信息,请参见在多租户容器数据库中配置Oracle GoldenGate。

如果Extract将在集成捕获模式下运行,并且您正在使用下游挖掘数据库,那么您需要分配一个额外的用户。该用户将是挖掘用户,并在下游数据库中创建。挖掘用户创建、修改并连接到挖掘数据库上的日志挖掘服务器,并从中接收逻辑更改记录(LCR)。此用户可以与源提取用户相同,也可以不同。请仔细选择挖掘用户的名称。该用户创建数据库日志挖掘服务器后,其他用户不能更改或使用它。有关配置下游挖掘的更多信息,请参见配置下游挖掘数据库。

Parent topic: Assigning Credentials to Oracle GoldenGate

3.1.2 Replicat User

Replicat用户创建Replicat检查点表(如果使用),并根据Replicat模式通过Oracle调用接口或数据库入站服务器应用DML和DDL操作, see Deciding Which Apply Method to Use

Parent topic: Assigning Credentials to Oracle GoldenGate

3.1.3 Other Oracle GoldenGate Users

如果使用Oracle GoldenGate DDL支持,则需要在源数据库中为Manager进程提供一个用户。此用户对支持DDL捕获的Oracle GoldenGate数据库对象执行维护。
在DEFGEN实用程序的源数据库或目标数据库中都需要一个用户。位置取决于在何处生成数据定义文件。此用户执行本地元数据查询以构建一个数据定义文件,该文件将元数据提供给远程Oracle GoldenGate实例。 For more information about the data-definitions file, see Administering Oracle GoldenGate.

如果Extract将以经典的捕获模式运行,则可能需要其他用户或特权来使用以下特性:

  • RMAN日志保留,参见日志保留选项。
    支持TDE,请参见以经典捕获模式配置Oracle TDE数据。
    ASM,参见在经典捕获模式下挖掘ASM存储的日志。

Parent topic: Assigning Credentials to Oracle GoldenGate

3.1.4 Granting the Appropriate User Privileges

Oracle GoldenGate所需的用户特权取决于数据库版本和提取或复制进程模式。 For more information about process modes, see Choosing Capture and Apply Modes.

  • Oracle 11.2.0.4 or Later Database Privileges
  • Oracle 11.2.0.3 or Earlier Database Privileges
  • About the dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege Package
  • Optional Grants for dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege

Parent topic: Assigning Credentials to Oracle GoldenGate

3.1.4.1 Oracle 11.2.0.4 or Later Database Privileges

The following privileges apply to Oracle versions 11.2.0.4 or later.

Privilege ExtractClassic Mode Extract Integrated Mode Replicat All Modes Purpose

CREATE SESSION

X

X

X

Connect to the database

CONNECT

X

X

X

For Replicat, required only if Replicat owns target objects. Alternatively, use CREATE object.

RESOURCE

X

X

X

Create objects

If RESOURCE cannot be granted to Replicat, use:

ALTER USER user QUOTA {size | UNLIMITED} ON tablespace;

ALTER ANY TABLE

X

X

 

Required for Oracle 12.1.0.1 only to issue the ADD TRANDATA command.

ALTER SYSTEM

X

X

 

Perform administrative changes, such as enabling logging

ALTER USER  set container_data=all container=current;

X

X

 

Required for multitenant architecture and  should be a valid Oracle GoldenGate administrator schema.

Privileges granted through dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege

X

X

X

(Extract) Grants privileges for both classic and integrated Extract, including the logmining server.(Replicat) Grants privileges for both nonintegrated and integrated replicat, including the database inbound server (Oracle 11.2.0.4 or later).

Any or all of optional privileges of dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege

X

X

X

  • Capture from Data Vault

  • Capture from Virtual Private Database

  • Capture redacted data

See About the dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege Package for more information.

INSERTUPDATEDELETE on target tables

   

X

Apply replicated DML to target objects

CREATE TABLE

   

X

Create a checkpoint table in target database

DDL privileges on target objects (if using DDL support)

   

X

Issue replicated DDL on target objects

DBA

X

 

X

DDL and sequence support

LOCK ANY TABLE

   

X

Lock target tables. Only required for initial load using direct bulk load to SQL*Loader.

SELECT ANY DICTIONARY X X X Allow all privileges to work properly on dictionary tables.

SELECT ANY TRANSACTION

X

   

Use a newer Oracle ASM API. See Mining ASM-stored Logs in Classic Capture Mode.

Parent topic: Granting the Appropriate User Privileges

3.1.4.2 Oracle 11.2.0.3 or Earlier Database Privileges

The following privileges apply to Oracle versions 11.2.0.3 or earlier.

Privilege ExtractClassic Mode ExtractIntegrated Mode Replicat Manager Purpose

CREATE SESSION

and

ALTER SESSION

X

X

X

 

Connect to the database

ALTER SYSTEM

X

X

   

Perform administrative changes, such as enabling logging

RESOURCE

X

X

X

 

Create objects

If RESOURCE cannot be granted to Replicat, use:

ALTER USER user QUOTA {size | UNLIMITED} ON tablespace;

CONNECT

X

X

X

 

For Replicat, required only if Replicat owns target objects. Alternatively, use CREATE object.

SELECT ANY DICTIONARY

X

X

X

 

Query data dictionary objects in the SYS schema

FLASHBACK ANY TABLE

or

FLASHBACK ONschema.table

X

X

   

Make flashback queries

SELECT ANY TABLE

or

SELECT on a schema.table

X

X

X

 

Perform queries on any table

SELECT on dba_clusters

X

X

     

INSERTUPDATEDELETE on target tables

   

X

 

Apply replicated DML to target objects

CREATE TABLE

     

X

Create a checkpoint table in target database

EXECUTE on DBMS_FLASHBACK package

X

X

   

Call DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER

DDL privileges on target objects (if using DDL support)

   

X

 

Issue replicated DDL on target objects

GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE (if using DDL support)

X

X

   

DML privileges on Oracle GoldenGate DDL objects. Role is created by user with SYSDBA privilege during installation of DDL objects.

DELETE on Oracle GoldenGate DDL objects

     

X

Use parameters that maintain Oracle GoldenGate DDL objects

LOCK ANY TABLE

   

X

 

Lock target tables. Only required for initial load using direct bulk load to SQL*Loader.

SELECT ANY TRANSACTION

X

     

Use a newer Oracle ASM API. See Mining ASM-stored Logs in Classic Capture Mode.

Privileges granted through dbms_streams_auth.grant_admin_privilege

 

X

   

Interact with database logmining server

EXECUTE on dbms_logmnr_d package

 

X

   

Issue the REGISTER EXTRACTcommand

Required for Oracle version >= 11.1.0.5 and <= 11.2.0.1.

SELECT FROM sys.logmnr_buildlog

 

X

   

Issue the REGISTER EXTRACTcommand

Required for Oracle version >= 11.1.0.5 and <= 11.2.0.1.

Parent topic: Granting the Appropriate User Privileges

3.1.4.3 About the dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege Package

提取和复制操作经典模式和集成模式所需的大多数特权都是通过dbms_goldengate_auth授予的。grant_admin_privilege包。

  • 下面授予Oracle 11.2.0.4及更高版本的基本特权。第一个示例是缺省值,它授予捕获和应用。第二个演示如何显式地授予捕获或应用 (in this case, capture).

    grant_admin_privilege('ggadm')
    grant_admin_privilege('ggadm','capture');
    
  • 下面授予Oracle 11.2.0.3的基本特权。第一个示例是缺省值,它授予捕获和应用。第二个演示如何显式地授予捕获.

    grant_admin_privilege('ggadm',grant_select_privileges=>true)
    grant_admin_privilege('ggadm','capture',grant_select_privileges=>true)
    

Parent topic: Granting the Appropriate User Privileges

3.1.4.4 Optional Grants for dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege

(Required) Enter introductory text here, including the definition and purpose of the concept.

Parent topic: Granting the Appropriate User Privileges

3.2 Oracle GoldenGate证书安全

为了保护您数据的安全性,并准确地监视Oracle GoldenGate的处理,不允许其他用户、应用程序或进程以Oracle GoldenGate数据库用户的身份登录或操作。

Oracle GoldenGate为保护分配给Oracle GoldenGate进程的登录凭据提供了不同的选项。推荐的选项是使用凭据存储。您可以创建一个凭据存储,并将其存储在一个共享位置,以便Oracle GoldenGate的所有安装都可以访问它,或者您可以在安装了Oracle GoldenGate的每个系统上创建一个单独的凭据存储。

凭据存储存储分配给每个Oracle GoldenGate用户的用户名和密码。用户ID与一个或多个别名相关联,它是命令和参数文件中提供的别名,而不是实际的用户名或密码。凭据文件可以划分为域,允许为进程使用一组标准别名,同时允许每个系统上的管理员在本地管理凭据。

See Administering Oracle GoldenGate for more information about creating a credential store and adding user credentials.

Parent topic: Establishing Oracle GoldenGate Credentials

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