如何使用Vagrant创建一台虚拟机

版本说明

Virtual Box版本：5.2.10
Vagrant版本：2.0.4
电脑系统：windows10 64位
虚拟机：ubuntu 14.0

寻找Box

官网有提供一些Box的下载可以使用，网址是：
https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search
截图如下所示，其中红色方法内的就是我们要获取到的信息：

初始化

1. 首先需要创建一个目录用于存放Vagrantfile文件以及Vagrant在工作中的数据。

   mkdir vagrant-workspace/
   cd vagrant-workspace
   mkdir ubuntu1404
   cd ubuntu1404

2. 开始初始化Vagrant工程

   vagrant init ubuntu/trusty64

   这里的ubuntu/trusty64就是在官网的提供的页面获取的Box的名称。Vagrant发现box的名字的格式为“用户名/box名”，则会使用“https://atlas.hashicorp.com/用户名/box名”来下载该box。对于非官网提供的box，可以通过以下命令创建：

   vagrant init {Box的名称} {Box的url}

   回车之后，命令行窗口输出信息，它告诉我们在文件夹下创建一个文件叫Vagrantfile,可以准备进行运行vagrant up命令了。

   A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
   ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
   the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
   `vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
   t.

   将Vagrantfile文件里面的注释忽略的话，可以看到有效的内容如下：

   Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
     config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
   end
   d

3. 启动虚拟机，如果是第一次运行，则会先去下载box文件，如果先前下载过了则跳过

   vagrant up

   经过漫长的等待之后，终于下载完了，输出信息

   Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
   ==> default: Box 'ubuntu/trusty64' could not be found. Attempting to find and install...
       default: Box Provider: virtualbox
       default: Box Version: >= 0
   ==> default: Loading metadata for box 'ubuntu/trusty64'
       default: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/ubuntu/trusty64
   ==> default: Adding box 'ubuntu/trusty64' (v20180419.0.0) for provider: virtualbox
       default: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/ubuntu/boxes/trusty64/versions/20180419.0.0/providers/virtualbox.box
       default: Download redirected to host: cloud-images.ubuntu.com
       default: 
   ==> default: Successfully added box 'ubuntu/trusty64' (v20180419.0.0) for 'virtualbox'!
   ==> default: Importing base box 'ubuntu/trusty64'...
   ==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
   ==> default: Checking if box 'ubuntu/trusty64' is up to date...
   ==> default: Setting the name of the VM: ubuntu1404_default_1525060576422_98609
   ==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
   Vagrant is currently configured to create VirtualBox synced folders with
   the `SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate` option enabled. If the Vagrant
   guest is not trusted, you may want to disable this option. For more
   information on this option, please refer to the VirtualBox manual:
   
     https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#sharedfolders
   
   This option can be disabled globally with an environment variable:
   
     VAGRANT_DISABLE_VBOXSYMLINKCREATE=1
   
   or on a per folder basis within the Vagrantfile:
   
     config.vm.synced_folder '/host/path', '/guest/path', SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate: false
   ==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
   ==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
       default: Adapter 1: nat
   ==> default: Forwarding ports...
       default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
   ==> default: Booting VM...
   ==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
       default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
       default: SSH username: vagrant
       default: SSH auth method: private key
       default: Warning: Connection aborted. Retrying...
       default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
       default: Warning: Connection aborted. Retrying...
       default: Warning: Connection reset. Retrying...
       default: Warning: Connection aborted. Retrying...
       default: 
       default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
       default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
       default: 
       default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
       default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
       default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
   ==> default: Machine booted and ready!
   ==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
       default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
       default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
       default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
       default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
       default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
       default: your host and reload your VM.
       default: 
       default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.36
       default: VirtualBox Version: 5.2
   ==> default: Mounting shared folders...
       default: /vagrant => G:/vagrant-workspace/ubuntu1404

4. 登录虚拟机

   vagrant ssh

关闭虚拟机

使用命令vagrant halt关闭虚拟机

删除虚拟机

使用命令vagrant destroy删除虚拟机。请注意，vagrant destroy只会删除虚拟机本身，也即你在Virtualbox将看不到该虚拟机，但是不会删除该虚拟机所使用的box。