Python核心编程第二版第五章数字（课后习题）----我的答案

5-1.整型。讲讲Python普通整型和长整型的区别。

标准整型类型是最通用最基本的数字类型等价于C语言的长整型，一般以十进制表示。

长整型则是标准整型类型的超集，当需要用到比标准整型类型更大的整型时，长整型就大有作为了。在一个整型后面加上L（l也是可行的），表示整型为长整型。

5-2.操作符。

(a).写一个函数，计算并返回两个数的乘积。

def Multipliers(a, b):
    return a * b

(b).写一段代码调用这个函数，并显示它的结果。

def Multipliers(a, b):
    return a * b

result = Multipliers(2, 3)
print("The result is %d" % result)

5-3.标准类型操作符。写一段脚本，输入一个测验成绩，根据下面的标准，输出他的评分成绩(A-F).

A:90~100

B:80~89

C:70~79

D:60~69

F:<60

def testScore():
    score = int(raw_input("Input your real grade: "))
    if score >= 90 and score <= 100:
        print("Your testscore is A.")
    elif score >= 80 and score <= 89:
        print("Your testscore is B.")
    elif score >= 70 and score <= 79:
        print("Your testscore is C.")
    elif score >=60 and score <= 69:
        print("Your testscore is D.")
    elif score < 60:
        print("Your failed in this test and got a F.")
    else:
        print("Try input some numbers.")

testScore()

5-4.取余。判断给定年份是否是闰年。使用下面的公式。

def testYear():
    years = int(raw_input("Input a year in your mind: "))
    if (years % 4 == 0 and years % 100 != 0) or (years % 4 == 0 and years % 100 == 0):
        print("This year is a leap year.")
    else:
        print("This is a normal year.")

testYear()

5-5.取余。取一个任意小于1美元的金额，然后计算可以换成最少多少枚硬币。

def usDollar():
    dollars = float(raw_input("Input under 1 dollar like 0.76: "))
    dollars *= 100
    quartcoin = dollars // 25
    tencoin = (dollars - quartcoin * 25) // 10
    fivecoin = (dollars - quartcoin * 25 - tencoin * 10) // 5
    onecoin = (dollars - quartcoin * 25 - tencoin * 10 - fivecoin * 5)
    print("Dollars is %d Quartcoin and %d Tencoin and %d Fivecoin and %d Onecoin."
          % (quartcoin, tencoin, fivecoin, onecoin))

usDollar()

5-6.算术。写一个计算器程序。你的代码可以接受这样的表达式，两个操作数加一个操作符：N1操作符N2。

def Calculator():
    N1 = int(raw_input("Input number 1: "))
    N2 = float(raw_input("Input number 2: "))
    sign = raw_input("Input what you want N1 N2 do: ")
    if sign == '+':
        print("N1 + N2 == %f" % (N1 + N2))
    elif sign == '-':
        print("N1 - N2 == %f" % (N1 - N2))
    elif sign == '*':
        print("N1 * N2 == %f" % (N1 * N2))
    elif sign == '/':
        print("N1 / N2 == %f" % (N1 / N2))
    elif sign == '%':
        print(N1 % N2)
    elif sign == '**':
        print("N1 ** N2 == %f" % (N1 ** N2))
    else:
        print("Out of ranges.")

Calculator()

5-7.营业税。随意取一个商品金额，然后根据当地营业税额度计算应该交纳的营业税。

假设税率为5%

def taxes(m):
    percent = 0.05
    tax = earnmoney * percent
    return tax
if __name__ == '__main__':
    earnmoney = int(raw_input("Input your earn money number: "))
    print taxes(earnmoney)

5-8.几何。计算面积和体积。

(a).正方形和立方体

def geo():
    side = int(raw_input("Input one side with figure: "))
    print("[s] means square, [c] means cubic")
    figures = raw_input("input figure you want to calculate: ")
    if figures == 's':
        a = side * side
        print("The area is %d. " % a)
    elif figures == 'c':
        a = side * side * 6
        b = side * side * side
        print("The area is %d. The bulk is %d." % (a ,b))

geo()

(b).圆和球

def geo():
    side = float(raw_input("Input one side with figure: "))
    print("[s] means square, [c] means cubic, [r] means round, [sp] means spheres.")
    figures = raw_input("input figure you want to calculate: ")
    if figures == 's':
        a = side * side
        print("The area is %d. " % a)
    elif figures == 'c':
        a = side * side * 6
        b = side * side * side
        print("The area is %d. The bulk is %d." % (a, b))
    elif figures == 'sp':
        a = 4 * 3.14 * side * side
        b = 4 / 3 * 3.14 * side * side * side
        print("The area is %f. The bulk is %f." % (a, b))
    elif figures == 'r':
        a = 3.14 * side * side
        print("The area is %f." % a)
    else:
        print("Please follow the orders.")
geo()

转：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-   
import math      
      
if __name__=='__main__':  
    ss = input()  
    print '正方形面积：',ss*ss  
    print '立方体面积：',ss*ss*6  
    print '立方体体积：',ss*ss*ss  
    print '圆面积：',ss*ss*math.pi  
    print '球面积：',ss*ss*math.pi*4  
    print '球体积：',ss*ss*ss*math.pi*4/3.0 

5-9.(a).

>>> 17 + 32
49
>>> 017 + 32
47
>>> 017 + 032
41

因为在整型的数值前加上0表示这个数是一个八进制的数。所以017换算成十进制为15，032转换成十进制为26，与下面两个计算结果符合。在十进制数前加0x表示十六进制数。

(b).使用长整型运算更高效。

5-10.转换。写一对函数来进行华氏度到摄氏度的转换。

from __future__ import division
def transForm():
    print("[f] means Fah, [c] means Cel.")
    Fah = float(raw_input("Input Fahrenheit: "))
    Cel = float(raw_input("Input Celsius: "))
    choice = raw_input(">>> ")
    if choice == 'f':
        Cel = (Fah - 32) * (5 / 9)
        print(Cel)
    elif choice == 'c':
        Fah = (Cel * (9 / 5)) + 32
        print(Fah)
    else:
        print("Please follow orders.")

transForm()

5-11.取余。

(a).使用循环和算术运算，求出0~20之间的所有偶数。

def reMainder():
    for i in range(21):
        if i % 2 == 0:
            print("The dual is %d" % i)

reMainder()

(b).

def reMainder():
    for i in range(21):
        if i % 2 == 1:
            print("The dual is %d" % i)

reMainder()

(c).对该数除2取余数，为0就是偶数，为1就是奇数。

(d).

def reMainder():
    inti1 = int(raw_input("Input an int number: "))
    inti2 = int(raw_input("Input an other number: "))
    if inti1 % inti2 == 0:
        return True
    else:
        return False

print(reMainder())

5-12.系统限制。写一段脚本确认一下你的Python所能处理的整型，长整型，浮点型和复数的范围。

Pass

5-13.转换。写一个函数把由小时和分钟表示的时间转换为只用分钟表示的时间。

def tranS(h, m):
    mins = hour * 60 + min
    return mins

hour = int(raw_input("Input hours: "))
min = int(raw_input("Input minutes: "))
if (hour < 23 and hour > -1) and (min < 60 and min > -1):
    print("The times is %d." % tranS(hour, min))
else:
    print("Input some right numbers.")

5-14. 银行利息。写一个函数，以定期存款利率为参数， 假定该账户每日计算复利，请计算并返回年回报率。

def inTerest(i, p):
    return p * (1 + i) ** 365

i = float(raw_input("Input rates: "))
p = int(raw_input("Input your money: "))
print("Your interest is %f." % inTerest(i, p))

5-15.最大公约数和最小公倍数。请计算两个整型的最大公约数和最小公倍数。

转

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-   
  
def gongyueshu(m , n):  
    if m< n:  
        min = m  
    else:  
        min = n  
    for i in range(min , 0 ,-1):  
        if m % i ==0 and n % i ==0:  
            return i  
    return 0  
  
def gongbeishu(m , n):  
    l = gongyueshu(m,n)  
    return m * n / l  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':  
    m = input()  
    n = input()  
    print '最大公约数：',gongyueshu(m, n)  
    print '最小公倍数：',gongbeishu(m, n) 

5-16.转

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  
  
def Payment(cost,total):  
    count = 0  
    print '             Amount Remaining'  
    print 'Pymt#   Paid        Balance'  
    print '-----   ------   --------'  
    while True:  
        print '%-2d       $%.2f      $%6.2f'%(count,total,cost)  
        if cost - total >=0:  
            cost = cost-total  
        else:  
            if cost !=0:  
                print '%-2d       $%.2f       $%6.2f'%(count+1,cost,0)  
            break  
        count += 1  
  
if __name__=='__main__':  
    cost = input('Enter opening balance:')  
    total = input('Enter monthly payment:')  
    Payment(cost,total)