使用docker容器运行MySQL数据库并持久化数据文件

1、下载mysql镜像

# docker pull mysql

2、启动mysql容器

# docker run -itd -v /data:/var/lib/mysql -p 33060:3306 --name mysqldb mysql bash
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
25d047a99917c6420412f36e1d0e2e6af38fc86539b2184d1ea7e5a47b955011

3、这里我们发现启动mysql容器出现warning,排除警告方式如下:

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

添加:net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

生效配置:

# sysctl -p
vm.max_map_count = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

重启网路服务:

# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl):                        [  OK  ]

再次启动mysql容器,发现警告消失:

# docker run -itd -v /data:/var/lib/mysql -p 33060:3306 --name mysqldb mysql bash
bbde59a2921981218441851d7527d22be3a0e37d3164fd1e07c4653d5dccc94d

注意:从上面启动mysql容器命令中使用了-v、-p参数,具体意义解释如下:

-v:为启动的容器挂在volume,mysql数据库默认数据目录是容器中的/var/lib/mysql目录,该目录是容器自带的一个volume,如果不为mysql容器单独配置数据目录volume,那么我们会发现重启mysql容器后mysql数据库中数据都丢失了。为了持久化mysql数据,我们在启动mysql容器时添加了-v /data:/var/lib/mysql参数,把主机的/data目录挂载到容器的/var/lib/mysql下。

-p:指定mysql容器到本机的端口映射,将容器3306端口映射到主机的33060端口,这样设置后,我们就可以在局域网访问mysql数据库了。

4、进入mysql容器,启动mysql服务:

# docker exec -it mysqldb bash
root@ff3a4e6288c1:/# service mysql status
[info] MySQL Community Server 5.7.21 is not running.
root@ff3a4e6288c1:/# service mysql start 
No directory, logging in with HOME=/
..
[info] MySQL Community Server 5.7.21 is started.

5、登录mysql数据库,进行基本配置:

root@ff3a4e6288c1:/# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| chavin             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'mysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

此时,可以在局域网内访问docker容器启动的mysql数据库了。

# mysql -uroot -pmysql -h192.168.177.129 -P33060

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