1、下载mysql镜像
# docker pull mysql
2、启动mysql容器
# docker run -itd -v /data:/var/lib/mysql -p 33060:3306 --name mysqldb mysql bash
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
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3、这里我们发现启动mysql容器出现warning，排除警告方式如下：
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
添加：net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
生效配置：
# sysctl -p
vm.max_map_count = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
重启网路服务：
# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]
再次启动mysql容器，发现警告消失：
# docker run -itd -v /data:/var/lib/mysql -p 33060:3306 --name mysqldb mysql bash
bbde59a2921981218441851d7527d22be3a0e37d3164fd1e07c4653d5dccc94d
注意：从上面启动mysql容器命令中使用了-v、-p参数，具体意义解释如下：
-v：为启动的容器挂在volume，mysql数据库默认数据目录是容器中的/var/lib/mysql目录，该目录是容器自带的一个volume，如果不为mysql容器单独配置数据目录volume，那么我们会发现重启mysql容器后mysql数据库中数据都丢失了。为了持久化mysql数据，我们在启动mysql容器时添加了-v /data:/var/lib/mysql参数，把主机的/data目录挂载到容器的/var/lib/mysql下。
-p：指定mysql容器到本机的端口映射，将容器3306端口映射到主机的33060端口，这样设置后，我们就可以在局域网访问mysql数据库了。
4、进入mysql容器，启动mysql服务：
# docker exec -it mysqldb bash
root@ff3a4e6288c1:/# service mysql status
[info] MySQL Community Server 5.7.21 is not running.
root@ff3a4e6288c1:/# service mysql start
No directory, logging in with HOME=/
..
[info] MySQL Community Server 5.7.21 is started.
5、登录mysql数据库，进行基本配置：
root@ff3a4e6288c1:/# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| chavin |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'mysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
此时，可以在局域网内访问docker容器启动的mysql数据库了。
# mysql -uroot -pmysql -h192.168.177.129 -P33060