JackSon fasterxml学习

概述

Jackson框架是基于Java平台的一套数据处理工具,被称为“最好的Java Json解析器”。 
Jackson框架包含了3个核心库:streaming,databind,annotations.Jackson还包含了其它数据处理类库,此外不作说明。
Jackson版本: 1.x (目前版本从1.1~1.9)与2.x。1.x与2.x从包的命名上可以看出来,1.x的类库中,包命名以:org.codehaus.jackson.xxx开头,而2.x类库中包命令:com.fastxml.jackson.xxx开头

Jackson Home Page:https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson
Jackson Wiki:http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonHome
Jackson doc: https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-docs
Jackson Download Page:http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonDownload


准备工作

本文所有程序都基于JDK1.7,依赖jackon的三个核心类库:
jackson-core-2.5.3.jar
jackson-annotations-2.5.3.jar
jackson-databind-2.5.3.jar


Jackson处理Json

Jackson提供了三种可选的Json处理方法:流式API(Streaming API) 、树模型(Tree Model)、数据绑定(Data Binding)。从使用角度来看,比较一下这三种处理Json的方式的特性:

Streaming API:是效率最高的处理方式(开销低、读写速度快,但程序编写复杂度高)
Tree Model:是最灵活的处理方式
Data Binding:是最常用的处理方式

下面我们通过例子程序分别使用DataBinding,TreeModel,Streaming的方式来创建和解析Json字符串

1.DataBinding处理Json

Jackson支持Java对象与Json之间的相互转化。java对象序列化为json字符串,json字符串也可以反序列化为相同的java对象。

(1)java对象转化成json:
Province.java
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  1. package com.jackson.json.databinding;  
  2.   
  3. public class Province {  
  4.     public String name;  
  5.     public int population;  
  6.     public String[] city;     
  7. }  
package com.jackson.json.databinding;

public class Province {
    public String name;
    public int population;
    public String[] city;   
}
Country.java
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  1. package com.jackson.json.databinding;  
  2.   
  3. import java.util.ArrayList;  
  4. import java.util.Arrays;  
  5. import java.util.Date;  
  6. import java.util.HashMap;  
  7. import java.util.List;  
  8. import java.util.Map;  
  9.   
  10. public class Country {  
  11.     // 注意:被序列化的bean的private属性字段需要创建getter方法或者属性字段应该为public  
  12.     private String country_id;  
  13.     private Date birthDate;  
  14.     private List nation = new ArrayList();  
  15.     private String[] lakes;  
  16.     private List provinces = new ArrayList();  
  17.     private Map traffic = new HashMap();  
  18.   
  19.     public Country() {  
  20.         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub  
  21.     }  
  22.   
  23.     public Country(String countryId) {  
  24.         this.country_id = countryId;  
  25.     }  
  26.   
  27.     public String getCountry_id() {  
  28.         return country_id;  
  29.     }  
  30.   
  31.     public void setCountry_id(String country_id) {  
  32.         this.country_id = country_id;  
  33.     }  
  34.   
  35.     public Date getBirthDate() {  
  36.         return birthDate;  
  37.     }  
  38.   
  39.     public void setBirthDate(Date birthDate) {  
  40.         this.birthDate = birthDate;  
  41.     }  
  42.   
  43.     public List getNation() {  
  44.         return nation;  
  45.     }  
  46.   
  47.     public void setNation(List nation) {  
  48.         this.nation = nation;  
  49.     }  
  50.   
  51.     public String[] getLakes() {  
  52.         return lakes;  
  53.     }  
  54.   
  55.     public void setLakes(String[] lakes) {  
  56.         this.lakes = lakes;  
  57.     }  
  58.   
  59.     public Integer get(String key) {  
  60.         return traffic.get(key);  
  61.     }  
  62.   
  63.     public Map getTraffic() {  
  64.         return traffic;  
  65.     }  
  66.   
  67.     public void setTraffic(Map traffic) {  
  68.         this.traffic = traffic;  
  69.     }  
  70.   
  71.     public void addTraffic(String key, Integer value) {  
  72.         traffic.put(key, value);  
  73.     }  
  74.   
  75.     public List getProvinces() {  
  76.         return provinces;  
  77.     }  
  78.   
  79.     public void setProvinces(List provinces) {  
  80.         this.provinces = provinces;  
  81.     }  
  82.   
  83.     @Override  
  84.     public String toString() {  
  85.         return “Country [country_id=” + country_id + “, birthDate=” + birthDate  
  86.                 + ”, nation=” + nation + “, lakes=” + Arrays.toString(lakes)  
  87.                 + ”, province=” + provinces + “, traffic=” + traffic + “]”;  
  88.     }  
  89.   
  90. }  
package com.jackson.json.databinding;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class Country {
    // 注意:被序列化的bean的private属性字段需要创建getter方法或者属性字段应该为public
    private String country_id;
    private Date birthDate;
    private List nation = new ArrayList();
    private String[] lakes;
    private List provinces = new ArrayList();
    private Map traffic = new HashMap();

    public Country() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    public Country(String countryId) {
        this.country_id = countryId;
    }

    public String getCountry_id() {
        return country_id;
    }

    public void setCountry_id(String country_id) {
        this.country_id = country_id;
    }

    public Date getBirthDate() {
        return birthDate;
    }

    public void setBirthDate(Date birthDate) {
        this.birthDate = birthDate;
    }

    public List getNation() {
        return nation;
    }

    public void setNation(List nation) {
        this.nation = nation;
    }

    public String[] getLakes() {
        return lakes;
    }

    public void setLakes(String[] lakes) {
        this.lakes = lakes;
    }

    public Integer get(String key) {
        return traffic.get(key);
    }

    public Map getTraffic() {
        return traffic;
    }

    public void setTraffic(Map traffic) {
        this.traffic = traffic;
    }

    public void addTraffic(String key, Integer value) {
        traffic.put(key, value);
    }

    public List getProvinces() {
        return provinces;
    }

    public void setProvinces(List provinces) {
        this.provinces = provinces;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Country [country_id=" + country_id + ", birthDate=" + birthDate
                + ", nation=" + nation + ", lakes=" + Arrays.toString(lakes)
                + ", province=" + provinces + ", traffic=" + traffic + "]";
    }

}
JavaBeanSerializeToJson.java
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  1. package com.jackson.json.databinding;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;  
  5. import java.util.ArrayList;  
  6. import java.util.List;  
  7.   
  8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude.Include;  
  9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
  10. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;  
  11.   
  12. public class JavaBeanSerializeToJson {  
  13.   
  14.     public static void convert() throws Exception {  
  15.         // 使用ObjectMapper来转化对象为Json  
  16.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
  17.         // 添加功能,让时间格式更具有可读性  
  18.         SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(“yyyy-MM-dd”);  
  19.         mapper.setDateFormat(dateFormat);  
  20.   
  21.         Country country = new Country(“China”);  
  22.         country.setBirthDate(dateFormat.parse(”1949-10-01”));  
  23.         country.setLakes(new String[] { “Qinghai Lake”“Poyang Lake”,  
  24.                 ”Dongting Lake”“Taihu Lake” });  
  25.   
  26.         List nation = new ArrayList();  
  27.         nation.add(”Han”);  
  28.         nation.add(”Meng”);  
  29.         nation.add(”Hui”);  
  30.         nation.add(”WeiWuEr”);  
  31.         nation.add(”Zang”);  
  32.         country.setNation(nation);  
  33.   
  34.         Province province = new Province();  
  35.         province.name = ”Shanxi”;  
  36.         province.population = 37751200;  
  37.         Province province2 = new Province();  
  38.         province2.name = ”ZheJiang”;  
  39.         province2.population = 55080000;  
  40.         List provinces = new ArrayList();  
  41.         provinces.add(province);  
  42.         provinces.add(province2);  
  43.         country.setProvinces(provinces);  
  44.           
  45.         country.addTraffic(”Train(KM)”112000);  
  46.         country.addTraffic(”HighWay(KM)”4240000);  
  47.         // 为了使JSON视觉上的可读性,增加一行如下代码,注意,在生产中不需要这样,因为这样会增大Json的内容  
  48.         mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);  
  49.         // 配置mapper忽略空属性  
  50.         mapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_EMPTY);  
  51.         // 默认情况,Jackson使用Java属性字段名称作为 Json的属性名称,也可以使用Jackson annotations(注解)改变Json属性名称  
  52.         mapper.writeValue(new File(“country.json”), country);  
  53.     }  
  54.   
  55.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  56.         convert();  
  57.     }  
  58.   
  59. }  
package com.jackson.json.databinding;

import java.io.File;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude.Include;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;

public class JavaBeanSerializeToJson {

    public static void convert() throws Exception {
        // 使用ObjectMapper来转化对象为Json
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        // 添加功能,让时间格式更具有可读性
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        mapper.setDateFormat(dateFormat);

        Country country = new Country("China");
        country.setBirthDate(dateFormat.parse("1949-10-01"));
        country.setLakes(new String[] { "Qinghai Lake", "Poyang Lake",
                "Dongting Lake", "Taihu Lake" });

        List nation = new ArrayList();
        nation.add("Han");
        nation.add("Meng");
        nation.add("Hui");
        nation.add("WeiWuEr");
        nation.add("Zang");
        country.setNation(nation);

        Province province = new Province();
        province.name = "Shanxi";
        province.population = 37751200;
        Province province2 = new Province();
        province2.name = "ZheJiang";
        province2.population = 55080000;
        List provinces = new ArrayList();
        provinces.add(province);
        provinces.add(province2);
        country.setProvinces(provinces);

        country.addTraffic("Train(KM)", 112000);
        country.addTraffic("HighWay(KM)", 4240000);
        // 为了使JSON视觉上的可读性,增加一行如下代码,注意,在生产中不需要这样,因为这样会增大Json的内容
        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);
        // 配置mapper忽略空属性
        mapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_EMPTY);
        // 默认情况,Jackson使用Java属性字段名称作为 Json的属性名称,也可以使用Jackson annotations(注解)改变Json属性名称
        mapper.writeValue(new File("country.json"), country);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        convert();
    }

}
程序运行后生成country.json,内容如下:
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  1. {  
  2.   “country_id” : “China”,  
  3.   “birthDate” : “1949-10-01”,  
  4.   “nation” : [ “Han”, “Meng”, “Hui”, “WeiWuEr”, “Zang” ],  
  5.   “lakes” : [ “Qinghai Lake”, “Poyang Lake”, “Dongting Lake”, “Taihu Lake” ],  
  6.   “provinces” : [ {  
  7.     “name” : “Shanxi”,  
  8.     “population” : 37751200  
  9.   }, {  
  10.     “name” : “ZheJiang”,  
  11.     “population” : 55080000  
  12.   } ],  
  13.   “traffic” : {  
  14.     “HighWay(KM)” : 4240000,  
  15.     “Train(KM)” : 112000  
  16.   }  
  17. }  
{
  "country_id" : "China",
  "birthDate" : "1949-10-01",
  "nation" : [ "Han", "Meng", "Hui", "WeiWuEr", "Zang" ],
  "lakes" : [ "Qinghai Lake", "Poyang Lake", "Dongting Lake", "Taihu Lake" ],
  "provinces" : [ {
    "name" : "Shanxi",
    "population" : 37751200
  }, {
    "name" : "ZheJiang",
    "population" : 55080000
  } ],
  "traffic" : {
    "HighWay(KM)" : 4240000,
    "Train(KM)" : 112000
  }
}

(2)Json字符串反序列化为java对象:
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  1. package com.jackson.json.databinding;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.io.IOException;  
  5. import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;  
  6. import java.util.Iterator;  
  7. import java.util.List;  
  8.   
  9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;  
  10. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;  
  11. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;  
  12. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
  13.   
  14. /** 
  15.  * 将Json字符串反序列化为Java对象 
  16.  */  
  17. public class JsonDeserializeToJava {  
  18.       
  19.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  20.         //ObjectMapper类用序列化与反序列化映射器  
  21.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
  22.         File json = new File(“country.json”);  
  23.         //当反序列化json时,未知属性会引起的反序列化被打断,这里我们禁用未知属性打断反序列化功能,  
  24.         //因为,例如json里有10个属性,而我们的bean中只定义了2个属性,其它8个属性将被忽略  
  25.         mapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES);  
  26.           
  27.         //从json映射到java对象,得到country对象后就可以遍历查找,下面遍历部分内容,能说明问题就可以了  
  28.         Country country = mapper.readValue(json, Country.class);  
  29.         System.out.println(”country_id:”+country.getCountry_id());  
  30.         //设置时间格式,便于阅读  
  31.         SimpleDateFormat dateformat = new SimpleDateFormat(“yyyy-MM-dd”);  
  32.         String birthDate = dateformat.format(country.getBirthDate());  
  33.         System.out.println(”birthDate:”+birthDate);  
  34.           
  35.         List provinces = country.getProvinces();  
  36.         for (Province province : provinces) {  
  37.             System.out.println(”province:”+province.name + “\n” + “population:”+province.population);  
  38.         }  
  39.     }  
  40. }  
package com.jackson.json.databinding;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

/**
 * 将Json字符串反序列化为Java对象
 */
public class JsonDeserializeToJava {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //ObjectMapper类用序列化与反序列化映射器
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        File json = new File("country.json");
        //当反序列化json时,未知属性会引起的反序列化被打断,这里我们禁用未知属性打断反序列化功能,
        //因为,例如json里有10个属性,而我们的bean中只定义了2个属性,其它8个属性将被忽略
        mapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES);

        //从json映射到java对象,得到country对象后就可以遍历查找,下面遍历部分内容,能说明问题就可以了
        Country country = mapper.readValue(json, Country.class);
        System.out.println("country_id:"+country.getCountry_id());
        //设置时间格式,便于阅读
        SimpleDateFormat dateformat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        String birthDate = dateformat.format(country.getBirthDate());
        System.out.println("birthDate:"+birthDate);

        List provinces = country.getProvinces();
        for (Province province : provinces) {
            System.out.println("province:"+province.name + "\n" + "population:"+province.population);
        }
    }
}
程序运行结果:
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  1. country_id:China  
  2. birthDate:1949-10-01  
  3. province:Shanxi  
  4. population:37751200  
  5. province:ZheJiang  
  6. population:55080000  
country_id:China
birthDate:1949-10-01
province:Shanxi
population:37751200
province:ZheJiang
population:55080000

2.Tree Model处理Json

(1)tree model生成json:

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  1. package com.jackson.json.treemodel;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.io.FileWriter;  
  5.   
  6. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;  
  7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;  
  8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
  9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;  
  10. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ArrayNode;  
  11. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.JsonNodeFactory;  
  12. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;  
  13.   
  14. public class SerializationExampleTreeModel {  
  15.       
  16.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  17.         //创建一个节点工厂,为我们提供所有节点  
  18.         JsonNodeFactory factory = new JsonNodeFactory(false);  
  19.         //创建一个json factory来写tree modle为json  
  20.         JsonFactory jsonFactory = new JsonFactory();  
  21.         //创建一个json生成器  
  22.         JsonGenerator generator = jsonFactory.createGenerator(new FileWriter(new File(“country2.json”)));  
  23.         //注意,默认情况下对象映射器不会指定根节点,下面设根节点为country  
  24.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
  25.         ObjectNode country = factory.objectNode();  
  26.           
  27.         country.put(”country_id”“China”);  
  28.         country.put(”birthDate”“1949-10-01”);  
  29.           
  30.         //在Java中,List和Array转化为json后对应的格式符号都是”obj:[]”  
  31.         ArrayNode nation = factory.arrayNode();  
  32.         nation.add(”Han”).add(“Meng”).add(“Hui”).add(“WeiWuEr”).add(“Zang”);  
  33.         country.set(”nation”, nation);  
  34.           
  35.         ArrayNode lakes = factory.arrayNode();  
  36.         lakes.add(”QingHai Lake”).add(“Poyang Lake”).add(“Dongting Lake”).add(“Taihu Lake”);  
  37.         country.set(”lakes”, lakes);  
  38.           
  39.         ArrayNode provinces = factory.arrayNode();  
  40.         ObjectNode province = factory.objectNode();  
  41.         ObjectNode province2 = factory.objectNode();  
  42.         province.put(”name”,“Shanxi”);  
  43.         province.put(”population”37751200);  
  44.         province2.put(”name”,“ZheJiang”);  
  45.         province2.put(”population”55080000);  
  46.         provinces.add(province).add(province2);  
  47.         country.set(”provinces”, provinces);  
  48.           
  49.         ObjectNode traffic = factory.objectNode();  
  50.         traffic.put(”HighWay(KM)”4240000);  
  51.         traffic.put(”Train(KM)”112000);  
  52.         country.set(”traffic”, traffic);  
  53.           
  54.         mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);  
  55.         mapper.writeTree(generator, country);  
  56.     }  
  57.   
  58. }  
package com.jackson.json.treemodel;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ArrayNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.JsonNodeFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;

public class SerializationExampleTreeModel {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建一个节点工厂,为我们提供所有节点
        JsonNodeFactory factory = new JsonNodeFactory(false);
        //创建一个json factory来写tree modle为json
        JsonFactory jsonFactory = new JsonFactory();
        //创建一个json生成器
        JsonGenerator generator = jsonFactory.createGenerator(new FileWriter(new File("country2.json")));
        //注意,默认情况下对象映射器不会指定根节点,下面设根节点为country
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        ObjectNode country = factory.objectNode();

        country.put("country_id", "China");
        country.put("birthDate", "1949-10-01");

        //在Java中,List和Array转化为json后对应的格式符号都是"obj:[]"
        ArrayNode nation = factory.arrayNode();
        nation.add("Han").add("Meng").add("Hui").add("WeiWuEr").add("Zang");
        country.set("nation", nation);

        ArrayNode lakes = factory.arrayNode();
        lakes.add("QingHai Lake").add("Poyang Lake").add("Dongting Lake").add("Taihu Lake");
        country.set("lakes", lakes);

        ArrayNode provinces = factory.arrayNode();
        ObjectNode province = factory.objectNode();
        ObjectNode province2 = factory.objectNode();
        province.put("name","Shanxi");
        province.put("population", 37751200);
        province2.put("name","ZheJiang");
        province2.put("population", 55080000);
        provinces.add(province).add(province2);
        country.set("provinces", provinces);

        ObjectNode traffic = factory.objectNode();
        traffic.put("HighWay(KM)", 4240000);
        traffic.put("Train(KM)", 112000);
        country.set("traffic", traffic);

        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);
        mapper.writeTree(generator, country);
    }

}

程序运行生成country2.json,内容如下:

[html] view plain copy
print ?
  1. {“country_id”:”China”,”birthDate”:”1949-10-01”,”nation”:[“Han”,”Meng”,”Hui”,”WeiWuEr”,”Zang”],”lakes”:[“QingHai Lake”,”Poyang Lake”,”Dongting Lake”,”Taihu Lake”],”provinces”:[{“name”:”Shanxi”,”population”:37751200},{“name”:”ZheJiang”,”population”:55080000}],”traffic”:{“HighWay(KM)”:4240000,”Train(KM)”:112000}}  
{"country_id":"China","birthDate":"1949-10-01","nation":["Han","Meng","Hui","WeiWuEr","Zang"],"lakes":["QingHai Lake","Poyang Lake","Dongting Lake","Taihu Lake"],"provinces":[{"name":"Shanxi","population":37751200},{"name":"ZheJiang","population":55080000}],"traffic":{"HighWay(KM)":4240000,"Train(KM)":112000}}

(2) json字符串反序列化为tree mode

DeserializationExampleTreeModel1.java,请注意观察程序中不同的JsonNode的类型变化

[java] view plain copy
print ?
  1. package com.jackson.json.treemodel;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.util.Iterator;  
  5.   
  6. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;  
  7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
  8.   
  9. public class DeserializationExampleTreeModel1 {  
  10.   
  11.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  12.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
  13.         // Jackson提供一个树节点被称为”JsonNode”,ObjectMapper提供方法来读json作为树的JsonNode根节点  
  14.         JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(new File(“country2.json”));  
  15.         // 看看根节点的类型  
  16.         System.out.println(”node JsonNodeType:”+node.getNodeType());  
  17.         // 是不是一个容器  
  18.         System.out.println(”node is container Node ? ”+node.isContainerNode());  
  19.         // 得到所有node节点的子节点名称  
  20.         System.out.println(”———得到所有node节点的子节点名称————————-“);  
  21.         Iterator fieldNames = node.fieldNames();  
  22.         while (fieldNames.hasNext()) {  
  23.             String fieldName = fieldNames.next();  
  24.             System.out.print(fieldName+” ”);  
  25.         }  
  26.         System.out.println(”\n—————————————————–”);  
  27.         // as.Text的作用是有值返回值,无值返回空字符串  
  28.         JsonNode country_id = node.get(”country_id”);  
  29.         System.out.println(”country_id:”+country_id.asText() + “ JsonNodeType:”+country_id.getNodeType());  
  30.           
  31.         JsonNode birthDate = node.get(”birthDate”);  
  32.         System.out.println(”birthDate:”+birthDate.asText()+“ JsonNodeType:”+birthDate.getNodeType());  
  33.           
  34.         JsonNode nation = node.get(”nation”);  
  35.         System.out.println(”nation:”+ nation+ “ JsonNodeType:”+nation.getNodeType());  
  36.           
  37.         JsonNode lakes = node.get(”lakes”);  
  38.         System.out.println(”lakes:”+lakes+“ JsonNodeType:”+lakes.getNodeType());  
  39.   
  40.         JsonNode provinces = node.get(”provinces”);  
  41.         System.out.println(”provinces JsonNodeType:”+provinces.getNodeType());  
  42.   
  43.         boolean flag = true;  
  44.         for (JsonNode provinceElements : provinces) {  
  45.             //为了避免provinceElements多次打印,用flag控制打印,能体现provinceElements的JsonNodeType就可以了  
  46.             if(flag){  
  47.                 System.out.println(”provinceElements JsonNodeType:”+provinceElements.getNodeType());  
  48.                 System.out.println(”provinceElements is container node? ”+provinceElements.isContainerNode());  
  49.                 flag = false;  
  50.             }  
  51.             Iterator provinceElementFields = provinceElements.fieldNames();  
  52.             while (provinceElementFields.hasNext()) {  
  53.                 String fieldName = (String) provinceElementFields.next();  
  54.                 String province;  
  55.                 if (“population”.equals(fieldName)) {  
  56.                     province = fieldName + ”:” + provinceElements.get(fieldName).asInt();  
  57.                 }else{  
  58.                     province = fieldName + ”:” + provinceElements.get(fieldName).asText();  
  59.                 }  
  60.                 System.out.println(province);  
  61.             }  
  62.         }  
  63.     }  
  64. }  
package com.jackson.json.treemodel;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Iterator;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class DeserializationExampleTreeModel1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        // Jackson提供一个树节点被称为"JsonNode",ObjectMapper提供方法来读json作为树的JsonNode根节点
        JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(new File("country2.json"));
        // 看看根节点的类型
        System.out.println("node JsonNodeType:"+node.getNodeType());
        // 是不是一个容器
        System.out.println("node is container Node ? "+node.isContainerNode());
        // 得到所有node节点的子节点名称
        System.out.println("---------得到所有node节点的子节点名称-------------------------");
        Iterator fieldNames = node.fieldNames();
        while (fieldNames.hasNext()) {
            String fieldName = fieldNames.next();
            System.out.print(fieldName+" ");
        }
        System.out.println("\n-----------------------------------------------------");
        // as.Text的作用是有值返回值,无值返回空字符串
        JsonNode country_id = node.get("country_id");
        System.out.println("country_id:"+country_id.asText() + " JsonNodeType:"+country_id.getNodeType());

        JsonNode birthDate = node.get("birthDate");
        System.out.println("birthDate:"+birthDate.asText()+" JsonNodeType:"+birthDate.getNodeType());

        JsonNode nation = node.get("nation");
        System.out.println("nation:"+ nation+ " JsonNodeType:"+nation.getNodeType());

        JsonNode lakes = node.get("lakes");
        System.out.println("lakes:"+lakes+" JsonNodeType:"+lakes.getNodeType());

        JsonNode provinces = node.get("provinces");
        System.out.println("provinces JsonNodeType:"+provinces.getNodeType());

        boolean flag = true;
        for (JsonNode provinceElements : provinces) {
            //为了避免provinceElements多次打印,用flag控制打印,能体现provinceElements的JsonNodeType就可以了
            if(flag){
                System.out.println("provinceElements JsonNodeType:"+provinceElements.getNodeType());
                System.out.println("provinceElements is container node? "+provinceElements.isContainerNode());
                flag = false;
            }
            Iterator provinceElementFields = provinceElements.fieldNames();
            while (provinceElementFields.hasNext()) {
                String fieldName = (String) provinceElementFields.next();
                String province;
                if ("population".equals(fieldName)) {
                    province = fieldName + ":" + provinceElements.get(fieldName).asInt();
                }else{
                    province = fieldName + ":" + provinceElements.get(fieldName).asText();
                }
                System.out.println(province);
            }
        }
    }
}

程序运行后打印结果如下:

[html] view plain copy
print ?
  1. node JsonNodeType:OBJECT  
  2. node is container Node ? true  
  3. ———得到所有node节点的子节点名称————————-  
  4. country_id birthDate nation lakes provinces traffic   
  5. —————————————————–  
  6. country_id:China JsonNodeType:STRING  
  7. birthDate:1949-10-01 JsonNodeType:STRING  
  8. nation:[“Han”,”Meng”,”Hui”,”WeiWuEr”,”Zang”] JsonNodeType:ARRAY  
  9. lakes:[“QingHai Lake”,”Poyang Lake”,”Dongting Lake”,”Taihu Lake”] JsonNodeType:ARRAY  
  10. provinces JsonNodeType:ARRAY  
  11. provinceElements JsonNodeType:OBJECT  
  12. provinceElements is container node? true  
  13. name:Shanxi  
  14. population:37751200  
  15. name:ZheJiang  
  16. population:55080000  
node JsonNodeType:OBJECT
node is container Node ? true
---------得到所有node节点的子节点名称-------------------------




country_id birthDate nation lakes provinces traffic ----------------------------------------------------- country_id:China JsonNodeType:STRING birthDate:1949-10-01 JsonNodeType:STRING nation:["Han","Meng","Hui","WeiWuEr","Zang"] JsonNodeType:ARRAY lakes:["QingHai Lake","Poyang Lake","Dongting Lake","Taihu Lake"] JsonNodeType:ARRAY provinces JsonNodeType:ARRAY provinceElements JsonNodeType:OBJECT provinceElements is container node? true name:Shanxi population:37751200 name:ZheJiang population:55080000


在来看一下DeserializationExampleTreeModel2.java,本例中使用JsonNode.path的方法,path方法类似于DeserializationExampleTreeModel1.java中使用的get方法,

但当node不存在时,get方法返回null,而path返回MISSING类型的JsonNode

[java] view plain copy
print ?
  1. package com.jackson.json.treemodel;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.io.IOException;  
  5. import java.util.Iterator;  
  6.   
  7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;  
  8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;  
  9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;  
  10.   
  11. public class DeserializationExampleTreeModle2 {  
  12.       
  13.     public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException, IOException{  
  14.         ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();  
  15.         JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(new File(“country2.json”));  
  16.         //path方法获取JsonNode时,当对象不存在时,返回MISSING类型的JsonNode  
  17.         JsonNode missingNode = node.path(”test”);  
  18.         if(missingNode.isMissingNode()){  
  19.             System.out.println(”JsonNodeType : ” + missingNode.getNodeType());  
  20.         }  
  21.   
  22.         System.out.println(”country_id:”+node.path(“country_id”).asText());  
  23.           
  24.         JsonNode provinces = node.path(”provinces”);  
  25.         for (JsonNode provinceElements : provinces) {  
  26.             Iterator provincesFields = provinceElements.fieldNames();  
  27.             while (provincesFields.hasNext()) {  
  28.                 String fieldName = (String) provincesFields.next();  
  29.                 String province;  
  30.                 if(“name”.equals(fieldName)){  
  31.                     province = fieldName +”:”+ provinceElements.path(fieldName).asText();  
  32.                 }else{  
  33.                     province = fieldName +”:”+ provinceElements.path(fieldName).asInt();  
  34.                 }  
  35.                 System.out.println(province);  
  36.             }  
  37.         }  
  38.     }  
  39.   
  40. }  
package com.jackson.json.treemodel;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class DeserializationExampleTreeModle2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException, IOException{
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(new File("country2.json"));
        //path方法获取JsonNode时,当对象不存在时,返回MISSING类型的JsonNode
        JsonNode missingNode = node.path("test");
        if(missingNode.isMissingNode()){
            System.out.println("JsonNodeType : " + missingNode.getNodeType());
        }

        System.out.println("country_id:"+node.path("country_id").asText());

        JsonNode provinces = node.path("provinces");
        for (JsonNode provinceElements : provinces) {
            Iterator provincesFields = provinceElements.fieldNames();
            while (provincesFields.hasNext()) {
                String fieldName = (String) provincesFields.next();
                String province;
                if("name".equals(fieldName)){
                    province = fieldName +":"+ provinceElements.path(fieldName).asText();
                }else{
                    province = fieldName +":"+ provinceElements.path(fieldName).asInt();
                }
                System.out.println(province);
            }
        }
    }

}
程序运行打印结果:
[html] view plain copy
print ?
  1. JsonNodeType : MISSING  
  2. country_id:China  
  3. name:Shanxi  
  4. population:37751200  
  5. name:ZheJiang  
  6. population:55080000  
JsonNodeType : MISSING
country_id:China
name:Shanxi
population:37751200
name:ZheJiang
population:55080000

3.Stream处理Json

(1)stream生成json

[java] view plain copy
print ?
  1. package com.jackson.json.streaming;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.io.FileWriter;  
  5. import java.io.Exception;  
  6.   
  7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;  
  8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;  
  9.   
  10. public class StreamGeneratorJson {  
  11.       
  12.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  13.         JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();  
  14.         //从JsonFactory创建一个JsonGenerator生成器的实例  
  15.         JsonGenerator generator = factory.createGenerator(new FileWriter(new File(“country3.json”)));  
  16.           
  17.         generator.writeStartObject();  
  18.         generator.writeFieldName(”country_id”);  
  19.         generator.writeString(”China”);  
  20.         generator.writeFieldName(”provinces”);  
  21.         generator.writeStartArray();  
  22.         generator.writeStartObject();  
  23.         generator.writeStringField(”name”“Shanxi”);  
  24.         generator.writeNumberField(”population”33750000);  
  25.         generator.writeEndObject();  
  26.         generator.writeEndArray();  
  27.         generator.writeEndObject();  
  28.           
  29.         generator.close();  
  30.     }  
  31.   
  32. }  
package com.jackson.json.streaming;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.Exception;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;

public class StreamGeneratorJson {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
        //从JsonFactory创建一个JsonGenerator生成器的实例
        JsonGenerator generator = factory.createGenerator(new FileWriter(new File("country3.json")));

        generator.writeStartObject();
        generator.writeFieldName("country_id");
        generator.writeString("China");
        generator.writeFieldName("provinces");
        generator.writeStartArray();
        generator.writeStartObject();
        generator.writeStringField("name", "Shanxi");
        generator.writeNumberField("population", 33750000);
        generator.writeEndObject();
        generator.writeEndArray();
        generator.writeEndObject();

        generator.close();
    }

}
程序运行后生成country3.json文件内容:
[html] view plain copy
print ?
  1. {“country_id”:”China”,”provinces”:[{“name”:”Shanxi”,”population”:33750000}]}  
{"country_id":"China","provinces":[{"name":"Shanxi","population":33750000}]}

(2)stream解析json:
现在adgcountry3.json,我们用Streaming API的方式来解析上面的Json,并查找json中population的值。
[java] view plain copy
print ?
  1. package com.jackson.json.streaming;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.File;  
  4. import java.io.IOException;  
  5.   
  6. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;  
  7. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;  
  8. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;  
  9. import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;  
  10.   
  11. /*Jackson API提供了token对每个Json对象,例如,Json开始符号“{”是token指向的第一个解析的对象, 
  12.  key:value键值对是另一个单独的对象。这个API很强大,但也需要编写大量代码。不推荐使用,平时更多的是使用DataBinding和TreeModel来处理json 
  13.  */  
  14. public class StreamParserJson {  
  15.     public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonParseException,  
  16.             IOException {  
  17.         JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();  
  18.         // 从JsonFactory创建JsonParser解析器的实例  
  19.         JsonParser parser = factory.createParser(new File(“country3.json”));  
  20.   
  21.         while (!parser.isClosed()) {  
  22.             // 得到一个token,第一次遍历时,token指向json文件中第一个符号”{“  
  23.             JsonToken token = parser.nextToken();  
  24.             if (token == null) {  
  25.                 break;  
  26.             }  
  27.             // 我们只查找 country3.json中的”population”字段的值,能体现解析的流程就可以了  
  28.             // 当key是provinces时,我们进入provinces,查找population  
  29.             if (JsonToken.FIELD_NAME.equals(token)  
  30.                     && ”provinces”.equals(parser.getCurrentName())) {  
  31.                 token = parser.nextToken();  
  32.                 if (!JsonToken.START_ARRAY.equals(token)) {  
  33.                     break;  
  34.                 }  
  35.                 // 此时,token指向的应该是”{“  
  36.                 token = parser.nextToken();  
  37.                 if (!JsonToken.START_OBJECT.equals(token)) {  
  38.                     break;  
  39.                 }  
  40.                 while (true) {  
  41.                     token = parser.nextToken();  
  42.                     if (token == null) {  
  43.                         break;  
  44.                     }  
  45.                     if (JsonToken.FIELD_NAME.equals(token)  
  46.                             && ”population”.equals(parser.getCurrentName())) {  
  47.                         token = parser.nextToken();  
  48.                         System.out.println(parser.getCurrentName() + ” : ”  
  49.                                 + parser.getIntValue());  
  50.                     }  
  51.                 }  
  52.             }  
  53.         }  
  54.     }  
  55.   
  56. }  
package com.jackson.json.streaming;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;

/*Jackson API提供了token对每个Json对象,例如,Json开始符号“{”是token指向的第一个解析的对象,
 key:value键值对是另一个单独的对象。这个API很强大,但也需要编写大量代码。不推荐使用,平时更多的是使用DataBinding和TreeModel来处理json
 */
public class StreamParserJson {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonParseException,
            IOException {
        JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
        // 从JsonFactory创建JsonParser解析器的实例
        JsonParser parser = factory.createParser(new File("country3.json"));

        while (!parser.isClosed()) {
            // 得到一个token,第一次遍历时,token指向json文件中第一个符号"{"
            JsonToken token = parser.nextToken();
            if (token == null) {
                break;
            }
            // 我们只查找 country3.json中的"population"字段的值,能体现解析的流程就可以了
            // 当key是provinces时,我们进入provinces,查找population
            if (JsonToken.FIELD_NAME.equals(token)
                    && "provinces".equals(parser.getCurrentName())) {
                token = parser.nextToken();
                if (!JsonToken.START_ARRAY.equals(token)) {
                    break;
                }
                // 此时,token指向的应该是"{"
                token = parser.nextToken();
                if (!JsonToken.START_OBJECT.equals(token)) {
                    break;
                }
                while (true) {
                    token = parser.nextToken();
                    if (token == null) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (JsonToken.FIELD_NAME.equals(token)
                            && "population".equals(parser.getCurrentName())) {
                        token = parser.nextToken();
                        System.out.println(parser.getCurrentName() + " : "
                                + parser.getIntValue());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

}
程序运行后,在控制台打印结果如下:
[html] view plain copy
print ?
  1. population : 33750000  
population : 33750000

总结

上面的例子中,分别用3种方式处理Json,我的体会大致如下:

Stream API方式是开销最低、效率最高,但编写代码复杂度也最高,在生成Json时,需要逐步编写符号和字段拼接json,在解析Json时,需要根据token指向也查找json值,生成和解析json都不是很方便,代码可读性也很低。
Databinding处理Json是最常用的json处理方式,生成json时,创建相关的java对象,并根据json内容结构把java对象组装起来,最后调用writeValue方法即可生成json,
解析时,就更简单了,直接把json映射到相关的java对象,然后就可以遍历java对象来获取值了。
TreeModel处理Json,是以树型结构来生成和解析json,生成json时,根据json内容结构,我们创建不同类型的节点对象,组装这些节点生成json。解析json时,它不需要绑定json到java bean,根据json结构,使用path或get方法轻松查找内容。

学习参考: http://www.cnblogs.com/lee0oo0/articles/2652528.html

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