akka学习教程(九) STM软件事务内存

akka系列文章目录

• akka学习教程(十四) akka分布式实战
• akka学习教程(十三) akka分布式
• akka学习教程(十二) Spring与Akka的集成
• akka学习教程(十一) akka持久化
• akka学习教程(十) agent
• akka学习教程(九) STM软件事务内存
• akka学习教程(八) Actor中的Future-询问模式
• akka学习教程(七) 内置状态转换Procedure
• akka学习教程(六) 路由器Router
• akka学习教程(五) inbox消息收件箱
• akka学习教程(四) actor生命周期
• akka学习教程(三) 不可变对象
• akka学习教程(二)HelloWord
• akka学习教程(一)简介

软件事务内存（STM）：顾名思义，这是事务。与关系型数据库中的事务类似，具有ACID属性。
在分布式任务中，有可能会有和事务相关的处理，这里将举例说明AKKA中STM的用法。

假设公司给员工发工资业务，CompanyActor是公司actor， EmployeeActor是员工actor，公司账户减钱，员工账户加钱，这就要求事务。代码中有重要注释。

package akka.stm;

import akka.actor.ActorRef;
import akka.actor.ActorSystem;
import akka.actor.Props;
import akka.pattern.Patterns;
import akka.transactor.Coordinated;
import akka.util.Timeout;
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory;
import scala.concurrent.Await;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by liubenlong on 2017/1/16.
 */
public class STMMain {
    public static ActorRef companyActor = null;
    public static ActorRef employeeActor = null;


    public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception {
        ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("stm", ConfigFactory.load("akka.conf"));
        companyActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(CompanyActor.class), "CompanyActor");
        employeeActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(EmployeeActor.class), "EmployeeActor");

        Timeout timeout = new Timeout(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        for(int i = 0 ; i < 23; i ++){
            companyActor.tell(new Coordinated(i, timeout), ActorRef.noSender());

            Thread.sleep(200);

            int companyCount = (int) Await.result(Patterns.ask(companyActor, "getCount", timeout), timeout.duration());
            int employeeCount = (int) Await.result(Patterns.ask(employeeActor, "getCount", timeout), timeout.duration());

            System.out.println("companyCount = " + companyCount + ";employeeCount = " + employeeCount);
            System.out.println("-----------------------");
        }

    }
}

package akka.stm;

import akka.actor.*;
import akka.event.Logging;
import akka.event.LoggingAdapter;
import akka.transactor.Coordinated;
import scala.concurrent.stm.Ref;
import scala.concurrent.stm.japi.STM;

/**
 * Created by liubenlong on 2017/1/12.
 */
public class CompanyActor extends UntypedActor {

    private final LoggingAdapter log = Logging.getLogger(getContext().system(), this);

    private Ref.View count = STM.newRef(100);//定义账户余额

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Object o) throws Throwable {
        if(o instanceof Coordinated){
            Coordinated coordinated = (Coordinated) o;
            int downCount = (int) coordinated.getMessage();//传递过来的参数，减多少。
            STMMain.employeeActor.tell(coordinated.coordinate(downCount), getSelf());//通知employeeActor增加费用

            try {//注意这里异常要及时处理，否则异常会一直扩散，导致回退到系统刚启动时的初始状态！
                coordinated.atomic(() -> {
                    if(count.get() < downCount) throw new RuntimeException("余额不足！");
                    STM.increment(count, -downCount);//减余额
                });
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else if("getCount".equals(o)){
            getSender().tell(count.get(), getSelf());
        }else{
            unhandled(o);
        }
    }

}

package akka.stm;

import akka.actor.UntypedActor;
import akka.event.Logging;
import akka.event.LoggingAdapter;
import akka.transactor.Coordinated;
import scala.concurrent.stm.Ref;
import scala.concurrent.stm.japi.STM;

/**
 * Created by liubenlong on 2017/1/12.
 */
public class EmployeeActor extends UntypedActor {

    private final LoggingAdapter log = Logging.getLogger(getContext().system(), this);

    private Ref.View count = STM.newRef(20);//员工账户

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Object o) throws Throwable {
        if(o instanceof Coordinated){
            Coordinated coordinated = (Coordinated) o;
            int downCount = (int) coordinated.getMessage();//员工增加的工资

            try {//注意这里异常要及时处理，否则异常会一直扩散，导致回退到系统刚启动时的初始状态！
                coordinated.atomic(() -> STM.increment(count, downCount));//Employee增加工资
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }else if("getCount".equals(o)){
            getSender().tell(count.get(), getSelf());
        }else{
            unhandled(o);
        }
    }

}

运行结果：

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kka-remote_2.11\2.4.16\akka-remote_2.11-2.4.16.jar;D:\LocalRepository\com\typesafe\akka\akka-stream_2.11\2.4.16\akka-stream_2.11-2.4.16.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\reactivestreams\reactive-streams\1.0.0\reactive-streams-1.0.0.jar;D:\LocalRepository\com\typesafe\ssl-config-core_2.11\0.2.1\ssl-config-core_2.11-0.2.1.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\scala-lang\modules\scala-parser-combinators_2.11\1.0.4\scala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.4.jar;D:\LocalRepository\com\typesafe\akka\akka-protobuf_2.11\2.4.16\akka-protobuf_2.11-2.4.16.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\uncommons\maths\uncommons-maths\1.2.2a\uncommons-maths-1.2.2a.jar;D:\LocalRepository\io\aeron\aeron-driver\1.0.4\aeron-driver-1.0.4.jar;D:\LocalRepository\io\aeron\aeron-client\1.0.4\aeron-client-1.0.4.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\agrona\Agrona\0.9.0\Agrona-0.9.0.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\projectlombok\lombok-maven-plugin\1.12.2.0\lombok-maven-plugin-1.12.2.0.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\apache\maven\maven-plugin-api\3.0.4\maven-plugin-api-3.0.4.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\apache\maven\maven-model\3.0.4\maven-model-3.0.4.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\codehaus\plexus\plexus-utils\2.0.6\plexus-utils-2.0.6.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\apache\maven\maven-artifact\3.0.4\maven-artifact-3.0.4.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\sonatype\sisu\sisu-inject-plexus\2.3.0\sisu-inject-plexus-2.3.0.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\codehaus\plexus\plexus-component-annotations\1.5.5\plexus-component-annotations-1.5.5.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\codehaus\plexus\plexus-classworlds\2.4\plexus-classworlds-2.4.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\sonatype\sisu\sisu-inject-bean\2.3.0\sisu-inject-bean-2.3.0.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\sonatype\sisu\sisu-guice\3.1.0\sisu-guice-3.1.0-no_aop.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\sonatype\sisu\sisu-guava\0.9.9\sisu-guava-0.9.9.jar;D:\LocalRepository\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.12.2\lombok-1.12.2.jar;D:\Program Files (x86)\ideaIU-2016.2.5\lib\idea_rt.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain akka.stm.STMMain
companyCount = 100;employeeCount = 20
-----------------------
companyCount = 99;employeeCount = 21
-----------------------
companyCount = 97;employeeCount = 23
-----------------------
companyCount = 94;employeeCount = 26
-----------------------
companyCount = 90;employeeCount = 30
-----------------------
companyCount = 85;employeeCount = 35
-----------------------
companyCount = 79;employeeCount = 41
-----------------------
companyCount = 72;employeeCount = 48
-----------------------
companyCount = 64;employeeCount = 56
-----------------------
companyCount = 55;employeeCount = 65
-----------------------
companyCount = 45;employeeCount = 75
-----------------------
companyCount = 34;employeeCount = 86
-----------------------
companyCount = 22;employeeCount = 98
-----------------------
java.lang.RuntimeException: 余额不足！
    at akka.stm.CompanyActor.lambda$onReceive$0(CompanyActor.java:34)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
	at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:50)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:43)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.runBlock(InTxnImpl.scala:560)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.topLevelAttempt(InTxnImpl.scala:516)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.topLevelAtomicImpl(InTxnImpl.scala:387)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.atomic(InTxnImpl.scala:248)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CCSTMExecutor.apply(CCSTMExecutor.scala:24)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl.atomic(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:43)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:141)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:157)
    at akka.stm.CompanyActor.onReceive(CompanyActor.java:33)
    at akka.actor.UntypedActor$$anonfun$receive$1.applyOrElse(UntypedActor.scala:165)
	at akka.actor.Actor$class.aroundReceive(Actor.scala:496)
	at akka.actor.UntypedActor.aroundReceive(UntypedActor.scala:95)
	at akka.actor.ActorCell.receiveMessage(ActorCell.scala:526)
	at akka.actor.ActorCell.invoke(ActorCell.scala:495)
	at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.processMailbox(Mailbox.scala:257)
	at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.run(Mailbox.scala:224)
	at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.exec(Mailbox.scala:234)
	at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:260)
	at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1339)
	at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1979)
	at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:107)
akka.transactor.CoordinatedTransactionException: Exception in coordinated atomic
	at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:144)
	at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:157)
	at akka.stm.EmployeeActor.onReceive(EmployeeActor.java:25)
	at akka.actor.UntypedActor$$anonfun$receive$1.applyOrElse(UntypedActor.scala:165)
    at akka.actor.Actor$class.aroundReceive(Actor.scala:496)
    at akka.actor.UntypedActor.aroundReceive(UntypedActor.scala:95)
    at akka.actor.ActorCell.receiveMessage(ActorCell.scala:526)
    at akka.actor.ActorCell.invoke(ActorCell.scala:495)
    at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.processMailbox(Mailbox.scala:257)
    at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.run(Mailbox.scala:224)
    at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.exec(Mailbox.scala:234)
    at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:260)
    at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1339)
    at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1979)
    at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:107)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: 余额不足！
    at akka.stm.CompanyActor.lambda$onReceive$0(CompanyActor.java:34)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
	at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:50)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:43)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.runBlock(InTxnImpl.scala:560)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.topLevelAttempt(InTxnImpl.scala:516)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.topLevelAtomicImpl(InTxnImpl.scala:387)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.atomic(InTxnImpl.scala:248)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CCSTMExecutor.apply(CCSTMExecutor.scala:24)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl.atomic(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:43)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:141)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:157)
    at akka.stm.CompanyActor.onReceive(CompanyActor.java:33)
    ... 12 more
companyCount = 9;employeeCount = 111
-----------------------
java.lang.RuntimeException: 余额不足！
companyCount = 9;employeeCount = 111
    at akka.stm.CompanyActor.lambda$onReceive$0(CompanyActor.java:34)
-----------------------
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
	at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:50)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:43)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.runBlock(InTxnImpl.scala:560)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.topLevelAttempt(InTxnImpl.scala:516)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.topLevelAtomicImpl(InTxnImpl.scala:387)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.atomic(InTxnImpl.scala:248)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CCSTMExecutor.apply(CCSTMExecutor.scala:24)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl.atomic(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:43)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:141)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:157)
    at akka.stm.CompanyActor.onReceive(CompanyActor.java:33)
    at akka.actor.UntypedActor$$anonfun$receive$1.applyOrElse(UntypedActor.scala:165)
	at akka.actor.Actor$class.aroundReceive(Actor.scala:496)
	at akka.actor.UntypedActor.aroundReceive(UntypedActor.scala:95)
	at akka.actor.ActorCell.receiveMessage(ActorCell.scala:526)
	at akka.actor.ActorCell.invoke(ActorCell.scala:495)
	at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.processMailbox(Mailbox.scala:257)
	at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.run(Mailbox.scala:224)
	at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.exec(Mailbox.scala:234)
	at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:260)
	at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1339)
	at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1979)
	at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:107)
akka.transactor.CoordinatedTransactionException: Exception in coordinated atomic
	at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:144)
	at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:157)
	at akka.stm.EmployeeActor.onReceive(EmployeeActor.java:25)
	at akka.actor.UntypedActor$$anonfun$receive$1.applyOrElse(UntypedActor.scala:165)
    at akka.actor.Actor$class.aroundReceive(Actor.scala:496)
    at akka.actor.UntypedActor.aroundReceive(UntypedActor.scala:95)
    at akka.actor.ActorCell.receiveMessage(ActorCell.scala:526)
    at akka.actor.ActorCell.invoke(ActorCell.scala:495)
    at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.processMailbox(Mailbox.scala:257)
    at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.run(Mailbox.scala:224)
    at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.exec(Mailbox.scala:234)
    at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:260)
    at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1339)
    at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1979)
    at scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:107)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: 余额不足！
    at akka.stm.CompanyActor.lambda$onReceive$0(CompanyActor.java:34)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
	at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:50)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:43)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.runBlock(InTxnImpl.scala:560)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.topLevelAttempt(InTxnImpl.scala:516)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.topLevelAtomicImpl(InTxnImpl.scala:387)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.atomic(InTxnImpl.scala:248)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CCSTMExecutor.apply(CCSTMExecutor.scala:24)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl.atomic(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:43)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:141)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated.atomic(Coordinated.scala:157)
    at akka.stm.CompanyActor.onReceive(CompanyActor.java:33)
    ... 12 more
companyCount = 9;employeeCount = 111
-----------------------
java.lang.RuntimeException: 余额不足！
    at akka.stm.CompanyActor.lambda$onReceive$0(CompanyActor.java:34)
    at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
	at akka.transactor.Coordinated$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(Coordinated.scala:157)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:50)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.CommitBarrierImpl$MemberImpl$$anonfun$atomic$1.apply(CommitBarrierImpl.scala:43)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.runBlock(InTxnImpl.scala:560)
    at scala.concurrent.stm.ccstm.InTxnImpl.topLevelAttempt(InTxnImpl.scala:516)

注意：需要引入transactor的maven配置：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.typesafe.akkagroupId>
    <artifactId>akka-actor_2.11artifactId>
    <version>2.4.16version>
dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.typesafe.akkagroupId>
    <artifactId>akka-agent_2.11artifactId>
    <version>2.4.16version>
dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.typesafe.akkagroupId>
    <artifactId>akka-transactor_2.10artifactId>
    <version>2.3.16version>
dependency>

参考资料

• 书籍《java高并发程序设计》
• AKKA官方文档