浅谈iOS定位

这个内容涉及到CoreLocation框架里面两个类,CLLocation和CLLocationManager

CLLocation类

CLLocation类里面有一个最重要的属性:

open var coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D { get } //坐标

CLLocationCoordinate2D是个结构体,里面就两个属性,经度和纬度

public var latitude: CLLocationDegrees //纬度
public var longitude: CLLocationDegrees // 经度

CLLocation类其它一些属性:

open var altitude: CLLocationDistance { get } //海拔高度
open var speed: CLLocationSpeed { get } // 速度

了解了CLLocation类之后,现在实现定位,实现定位之前要请求用户授权

用户授权

每种授权方式都要在plist文件里面添加键值对

  • 使用应用期间授权:应用程序退到后台之后,一般不能获取用户位置了。添加Privacy - Location When In Use Usage Description键。还要调用CLLocationManager的实例方法requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
  • 始终:应用程序退到后台之后,还可以获取用户位置。添加Privacy - Location Always and When In Use Usage Description键。还要调用CLLocationManager的实例方法requestAlwaysAuthorization()

两个键不用记,请求用户授权的时候,如果没有在plist文件里面添加键值对,会在控制台输出提示信息

This app has attempted to access privacy-sensitive data without a usage description. The app's Info.plist must contain both NSLocationAlwaysAndWhenInUseUsageDescription and NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription keys with string values explaining to the user how the app uses this data

把NSLocationAlwaysAndWhenInUseUsageDescription或NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription复制到plist文件就可以了

如果用使用应用期间授权方式,应用程序退出后台后,还想获取用户位置,可以把下面属性设置为true

open var allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates: Bool

定位

一次定位

 var manager = CLLocationManager()
 override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        // 请求用户授权
        manager.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
        
        manager.delegate = self
        
    }

    override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set, with event: UIEvent?) {
        // 开始更新位置信息
        manager.startUpdatingLocation()
    }

    // 位置更新完成代理方法
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {
        print(locations)
        // 停止更新位置信息
        manager.stopUpdatingLocation()
        
    }

输出结果:

[<+40.00000000,+116.00000000> +/- 5.00m (speed -1.00 mps / course -1.00) @ 4/7/18, 4:58:08 PM China Standard Time]

注意:如果是在模拟器上面跑可以设置模拟器的Debug->Location->Custom Location...选项,设置指定的经纬度

持续定位

问题:不调用manager.stopUpdatingLocation(),会频繁获取用户位置会比较耗电
有两种方法解决方法

方法一:

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
  
        manager.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
        manager.delegate = self
        
        // 距离筛选器: 单位是米, 当位置发生超过10米变化时才调用代理方法
        manager.distanceFilter = 10
        
    }
 
    // 位置更新完成代理方法
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {
        print(locations)
    }

方法二:

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    
        
        manager.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
        manager.delegate = self
        

        // 期望的精准度
        manager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyNearestTenMeters
        
        /**
         public let kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation: CLLocationAccuracy    精准度最高的
         public let kCLLocationAccuracyBest: CLLocationAccuracy                 高
         public let kCLLocationAccuracyNearestTenMeters: CLLocationAccuracy     十米
         public let kCLLocationAccuracyHundredMeters: CLLocationAccuracy        百米
         public let kCLLocationAccuracyKilometer: CLLocationAccuracy            千米
         public let kCLLocationAccuracyThreeKilometers: CLLocationAccuracy      三千米
         */
    }
    // 位置更新完成代理方法
    func locationManager(_ manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {
        print(locations)
    }

结尾提示:如果敲不出CLLocation对象或CLLocationManager对象,因为没有引入CoreLocation框架

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