1.WM_PAINT 消息
大多数Windows程序在WinMain中进入消息循环之前的初始化期间都要调用函数UpdataWindow。Windows利用这一机会给窗口过程发送第一个WM_PAINT消息。
1.窗口过程会接收到一个WM_PAINT消息的事件:
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
[use GDI function]
EndPaint(hwnd,&Ps);
return 0;
在处理WM_PAINT消息时,必须成对地调用BeginPaint和EndPaint。如果窗口过程不处理WM_PAINT消息,则它必须将WM_PAINT消息传递给Windows中DefWindowProc(默认窗口过程)。DefWindowProc以下列代码处理WM_PAINT消息:
case WM_PAINT:
BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
return 0;
这一BeginPaint和EndPaint调用序列中没有任何语句,
仅仅使先前无效区域变为有效。但以下方法是错误的:
case WM_PAINT:
return 0;
Windows将一个WM_PAINT消息放到消息队列中,是因为客户区的一部分无效。如果不调用BeginPaint和EndPaint(或者ValidateRect),则Windows不会使该区域变为有效。相反,Windows将发送另一个WM_PAINT消息,且一直发送下去。
hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
[use GDI function]
ReleaseDC(hwnd,hdc);
与BeginPaint和EndPaint一样,GetDC和ReleaseDC函数必须成对地使用。如果在处理某消息时调用GetDC,则必须在退出窗口过程之前调用ReleaseDC。不要在一个消息中
调用GetDC却在另一个消息
调用ReleaseDC。
//SYSTEM.H文件
#define NUMLINES ((int) (sizeof sysmetrics / sizeof sysmetrics [0]))
/************************************************************************/
/*类型: 定义了一个结构数组 */
/*成员:iIndex: GetSystemMetric用到的索引 */
/* szLabel:Windows头文件标识符 */
/* szDesc: 调用所返回的每个值对应的字符串 */
/************************************************************************/
struct
{
int iIndex ;
TCHAR * szLabel ;
TCHAR * szDesc ;
}
sysmetrics [] =
{
SM_CXSCREEN, TEXT ("SM_CXSCREEN"),
TEXT ("Screen width in pixels"),
SM_CYSCREEN, TEXT ("SM_CYSCREEN"),
TEXT ("Screen height in pixels"),
SM_CXVSCROLL, TEXT ("SM_CXVSCROLL"),
TEXT ("Vertical scroll width"),
SM_CYHSCROLL, TEXT ("SM_CYHSCROLL"),
TEXT ("Horizontal scroll height"),
SM_CYCAPTION, TEXT ("SM_CYCAPTION"),
TEXT ("Caption bar height"),
SM_CXBORDER, TEXT ("SM_CXBORDER"),
TEXT ("Window border width"),
SM_CYBORDER, TEXT ("SM_CYBORDER"),
TEXT ("Window border height"),
SM_CXFIXEDFRAME, TEXT ("SM_CXFIXEDFRAME"),
TEXT ("Dialog window frame width"),
SM_CYFIXEDFRAME, TEXT ("SM_CYFIXEDFRAME"),
TEXT ("Dialog window frame height"),
SM_CYVTHUMB, TEXT ("SM_CYVTHUMB"),
TEXT ("Vertical scroll thumb height"),
SM_CXHTHUMB, TEXT ("SM_CXHTHUMB"),
TEXT ("Horizontal scroll thumb width"),
SM_CXICON, TEXT ("SM_CXICON"),
TEXT ("Icon width"),
SM_CYICON, TEXT ("SM_CYICON"),
TEXT ("Icon height"),
SM_CXCURSOR, TEXT ("SM_CXCURSOR"),
TEXT ("Cursor width"),
SM_CYCURSOR, TEXT ("SM_CYCURSOR"),
TEXT ("Cursor height"),
SM_CYMENU, TEXT ("SM_CYMENU"),
TEXT ("Menu bar height"),
SM_CXFULLSCREEN, TEXT ("SM_CXFULLSCREEN"),
TEXT ("Full screen client area width"),
SM_CYFULLSCREEN, TEXT ("SM_CYFULLSCREEN"),
TEXT ("Full screen client area height"),
SM_CYKANJIWINDOW, TEXT ("SM_CYKANJIWINDOW"),
TEXT ("Kanji window height"),
SM_MOUSEPRESENT, TEXT ("SM_MOUSEPRESENT"),
TEXT ("Mouse present flag"),
SM_CYVSCROLL, TEXT ("SM_CYVSCROLL"),
TEXT ("Vertical scroll arrow height"),
SM_CXHSCROLL, TEXT ("SM_CXHSCROLL"),
TEXT ("Horizontal scroll arrow width"),
SM_DEBUG, TEXT ("SM_DEBUG"),
TEXT ("Debug version flag"),
SM_SWAPBUTTON, TEXT ("SM_SWAPBUTTON"),
TEXT ("Mouse buttons swapped flag"),
SM_CXMIN, TEXT ("SM_CXMIN"),
TEXT ("Minimum window width"),
SM_CYMIN, TEXT ("SM_CYMIN"),
TEXT ("Minimum window height"),
SM_CXSIZE, TEXT ("SM_CXSIZE"),
TEXT ("Min/Max/Close button width"),
SM_CYSIZE, TEXT ("SM_CYSIZE"),
TEXT ("Min/Max/Close button height"),
SM_CXSIZEFRAME, TEXT ("SM_CXSIZEFRAME"),
TEXT ("Window sizing frame width"),
SM_CYSIZEFRAME, TEXT ("SM_CYSIZEFRAME"),
TEXT ("Window sizing frame height"),
SM_CXMINTRACK, TEXT ("SM_CXMINTRACK"),
TEXT ("Minimum window tracking width"),
SM_CYMINTRACK, TEXT ("SM_CYMINTRACK"),
TEXT ("Minimum window tracking height"),
SM_CXDOUBLECLK, TEXT ("SM_CXDOUBLECLK"),
TEXT ("Double click x tolerance"),
SM_CYDOUBLECLK, TEXT ("SM_CYDOUBLECLK"),
TEXT ("Double click y tolerance"),
SM_CXICONSPACING, TEXT ("SM_CXICONSPACING"),
TEXT ("Horizontal icon spacing"),
SM_CYICONSPACING, TEXT ("SM_CYICONSPACING"),
TEXT ("Vertical icon spacing"),
SM_MENUDROPALIGNMENT, TEXT ("SM_MENUDROPALIGNMENT"),
TEXT ("Left or right menu drop"),
SM_PENWINDOWS, TEXT ("SM_PENWINDOWS"),
TEXT ("Pen extensions installed"),
SM_DBCSENABLED, TEXT ("SM_DBCSENABLED"),
TEXT ("Double-Byte Char Set enabled"),
SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS, TEXT ("SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS"),
TEXT ("Number of mouse buttons"),
SM_SECURE, TEXT ("SM_SECURE"),
TEXT ("Security present flag"),
SM_CXEDGE, TEXT ("SM_CXEDGE"),
TEXT ("3-D border width"),
SM_CYEDGE, TEXT ("SM_CYEDGE"),
TEXT ("3-D border height"),
SM_CXMINSPACING, TEXT ("SM_CXMINSPACING"),
TEXT ("Minimized window spacing width"),
SM_CYMINSPACING, TEXT ("SM_CYMINSPACING"),
TEXT ("Minimized window spacing height"),
SM_CXSMICON, TEXT ("SM_CXSMICON"),
TEXT ("Small icon width"),
SM_CYSMICON, TEXT ("SM_CYSMICON"),
TEXT ("Small icon height"),
SM_CYSMCAPTION, TEXT ("SM_CYSMCAPTION"),
TEXT ("Small caption height"),
SM_CXSMSIZE, TEXT ("SM_CXSMSIZE"),
TEXT ("Small caption button width"),
SM_CYSMSIZE, TEXT ("SM_CYSMSIZE"),
TEXT ("Small caption button height"),
SM_CXMENUSIZE, TEXT ("SM_CXMENUSIZE"),
TEXT ("Menu bar button width"),
SM_CYMENUSIZE, TEXT ("SM_CYMENUSIZE"),
TEXT ("Menu bar button height"),
SM_ARRANGE, TEXT ("SM_ARRANGE"),
TEXT ("How minimized windows arranged"),
SM_CXMINIMIZED, TEXT ("SM_CXMINIMIZED"),
TEXT ("Minimized window width"),
SM_CYMINIMIZED, TEXT ("SM_CYMINIMIZED"),
TEXT ("Minimized window height"),
SM_CXMAXTRACK, TEXT ("SM_CXMAXTRACK"),
TEXT ("Maximum draggable width"),
SM_CYMAXTRACK, TEXT ("SM_CYMAXTRACK"),
TEXT ("Maximum draggable height"),
SM_CXMAXIMIZED, TEXT ("SM_CXMAXIMIZED"),
TEXT ("Width of maximized window"),
SM_CYMAXIMIZED, TEXT ("SM_CYMAXIMIZED"),
TEXT ("Height of maximized window"),
SM_NETWORK, TEXT ("SM_NETWORK"),
TEXT ("Network present flag"),
SM_CLEANBOOT, TEXT ("SM_CLEANBOOT"),
TEXT ("How system was booted"),
SM_CXDRAG, TEXT ("SM_CXDRAG"),
TEXT ("Avoid drag x tolerance"),
SM_CYDRAG, TEXT ("SM_CYDRAG"),
TEXT ("Avoid drag y tolerance"),
SM_SHOWSOUNDS, TEXT ("SM_SHOWSOUNDS"),
TEXT ("Present sounds visually"),
SM_CXMENUCHECK, TEXT ("SM_CXMENUCHECK"),
TEXT ("Menu check-mark width"),
SM_CYMENUCHECK, TEXT ("SM_CYMENUCHECK"),
TEXT ("Menu check-mark height"),
SM_SLOWMACHINE, TEXT ("SM_SLOWMACHINE"),
TEXT ("Slow processor flag"),
SM_MIDEASTENABLED, TEXT ("SM_MIDEASTENABLED"),
TEXT ("Hebrew and Arabic enabled flag"),
SM_MOUSEWHEELPRESENT, TEXT ("SM_MOUSEWHEELPRESENT"),
TEXT ("Mouse wheel present flag"),
SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT ("SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN"),
TEXT ("Virtual screen x origin"),
SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT ("SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN"),
TEXT ("Virtual screen y origin"),
SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT ("SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN"),
TEXT ("Virtual screen width"),
SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT ("SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN"),
TEXT ("Virtual screen height"),
SM_CMONITORS, TEXT ("SM_CMONITORS"),
TEXT ("Number of monitors"),
SM_SAMEDISPLAYFORMAT, TEXT ("SM_SAMEDISPLAYFORMAT"),
TEXT ("Same color format flag")
} ;
//SYSTEM.CPP文件
#include
#include "SysMets.h"
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
//入口函数
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine,
int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("SysMets1");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass; //窗口类设计
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
//注册窗口类
if(!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL,TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),szAppName,MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
//创建窗口
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, //窗口类名
TEXT("Get System Metric No.1"), //窗口标题
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, //窗口风格
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始X(左上角)位置
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始Y(左上角)位置
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始X(宽度)大小
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始Y(高度)大小
NULL, //父窗口句柄
NULL, //窗口菜单句柄
hInstance, //程序实例句柄
NULL); //作为WM_CREATE消息的附加参数lParam传入的数据指针
//显示窗口
ShowWindow(hwnd, //窗口句柄
iCmdShow); //窗口的显示状态
//更新窗口
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
//消息循环
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))//从消息队列中取出消息
{
TranslateMessage(&msg); //将虚拟键消息转换为字符消息
DispatchMessage(&msg); //分派一个消息到窗口过程,由窗口过程函数对消息进行处理(实际是传给操作系统,由操作系统调用窗口过程函数对消息进行响应)
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static int cxChar,cxCaps,cyChar;
int i;
TCHAR szBuffer[10];
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT PS;
TEXTMETRIC tm;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
GetTextMetrics(hdc,&tm);
cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth;
cxCaps = (tm.tmPitchAndFamily & 1 ? 3 : 2) * cxChar / 2;
cyChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading;
ReleaseDC(hwnd,hdc);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd,&PS);
for(i = 0; i < NUMLINES; i++)
{
TextOut(hdc, 0, cyChar * i, sysmetrics[i].szLabel, lstrlen(sysmetrics[i].szLabel));
TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps, cyChar * i, sysmetrics[i].szDesc, lstrlen(sysmetrics[i].szDesc));
SetTextAlign(hdc,TA_RIGHT | TA_TOP);
TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps + 40 * cxChar, cyChar * i, szBuffer, wsprintf(szBuffer,TEXT("%5d"),GetSystemMetrics(sysmetrics[i].iIndex)));
SetTextAlign(hdc,TA_LEFT | TA_TOP);
}
EndPaint(hwnd,&PS);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,message,wParam,lParam);
}