☆ C/C++中使用结构体数组->排序(姓名+学号+分数)

使用单链表进行排序见上一篇文章，这两篇文章相辅相承；

 

传送门：点我即达(｡･ω･｡)

 

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★首先附上一系列运行结果截图：

1：学生信息的初始化

2：排序功能列表 

——使用了system("cls") 和 gotoxy() 等函数；

3：排序界面-姓名

4：排序界面-学号

5：排序界面-分数

 

*文件会被写到同级目录下的这四个文件中，下面代码中也可以分析得出。

 

 

 

★源代码：

★ 由于代码基于某些要求进行编写，可能有些复杂，但是基本原理仍然未变，只是多了些表示方法；

// 学生排序(函数作为参数传入).cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
// 需要使用文件进行输出
// 要求函数结构void student_sort(STUDENT *pStu, int n, int(*pFunc)(STUDENT &, STUDENT &));

#include 
#include 

//文件的操作
#include 

//调用Sleep()/system()函数
#include 

using namespace std;

typedef struct stu
{
	char name[20];
	int id;
	float score;
}STUDENT;

STUDENT * Init_Stu( int number)
{
	ofstream out("学生信息.txt");
	out << "姓名  学号  分数\n";
	STUDENT *pStu = (STUDENT *)malloc(sizeof(STUDENT) * number);    //开辟number个空间
	cout << "Please Enter the stu'infomation: " << endl;
	cout << "姓名  学号  分数" << endl;;
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
	{
		cin >> (pStu + i)->name;
		cin >> (pStu + i)->id;
		cin >> (pStu + i)->score;
	}
	cout << "\n开始写入文件" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
	{
		out << (pStu + i)->name << "  ";
		out << (pStu + i)->id << "  ";
		out << (pStu + i)->score << "\n";
	}
	out.close();
	cout << "……" << endl; Sleep(1000);
	cout << "……" << endl; Sleep(1000);
	cout << "文件成功写入！" << endl;
	cout << "文件名为“Student_by_name.txt”" << endl << endl;
	system("pause");
	return pStu;
}

int pFunc_name(STUDENT *x, STUDENT *y)
{
	if (strcmp(x->name, y->name) < 0)
	{
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		return 1;
	}
}
int pFunc_id(STUDENT *x, STUDENT *y)
{
	if (x->id > y->id)
	{
		return 1;
	}
	else
	{
		return 0;
	}
}
int pFunc_score(STUDENT *x, STUDENT *y)
{
	if (x->score > y->score)
	{
		return 1;
	}
	else
	{
		return 0;
	}
}

void gotoxy(short x, short y)     //自定义光标定位
{
	COORD pos = {x,y};
	HANDLE hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOut, pos);
}

void student_sort_name(STUDENT *pStu, int n, int (*pFunc)(STUDENT *x, STUDENT *y))
{
	STUDENT *p;
	p = pStu;
	STUDENT *temp;
	temp = (STUDENT*)malloc(sizeof(STUDENT));
	int k,j;    //循环使用
	for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
	{
		p = pStu;
		for (j = n - 1, k = 0; j >= i; j--,k++)
		{
			if (pFunc_name((p+k), (p + k+1)))
			{
				strcpy(temp->name, (p + k)->name);
				strcpy((p + k)->name, (p + k+1)->name);
				strcpy((p + k + 1)->name,temp->name);
				p = pStu;
				temp->id = (p + k)->id;
				(p + k)->id = (p + k + 1)->id;
				(p + k + 1)->id = temp->id;
				p = pStu;
				temp->score = (p + k)->score;
				(p + k)->score = (p + k + 1)->score;
				(p + k + 1)->score = temp->score;
			}
		}
	}
	cout << "是否要将排序结果写入文件?（文件名为“Student_by_name.txt”）" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		cout << (pStu + i)->name << "  ";
		cout << (pStu + i)->id << "  ";
		cout << (pStu + i)->score << "\n";
	}
	cout << "是否要将排序结果写入文件?（文件名为“Student_by_sno.txt”）" << endl;
	if (getchar() == 'y')
	{
		ofstream out("Student_by_name.txt");
		cout << "\n开始写入文件" << endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			out << (pStu + i)->name << "  ";
			out << (pStu + i)->id << "  ";
			out << (pStu + i)->score << "\n";
		}
		out.close();
		cout << "……" << endl; Sleep(1000);
		cout << "……" << endl; Sleep(1000);
		cout << "文件成功写入！" << endl << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "感谢使用，Bye~" << endl;
	}
}

void student_sort_id(STUDENT *pStu, int n, int(*pFunc)(STUDENT *x, STUDENT *y))
{
	STUDENT *p;
	p = pStu;
	STUDENT *temp;
	temp = (STUDENT*)malloc(sizeof(STUDENT));
	int k, j;    //循环使用
	for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
	{
		p = pStu;
		for (j = n - 1, k = 0; j >= i; j--, k++)
		{
			if (pFunc_id((p + k), (p + k + 1)))
			{
				strcpy(temp->name, (p + k)->name);
				strcpy((p + k)->name, (p + k + 1)->name);
				strcpy((p + k + 1)->name, temp->name);
				p = pStu;
				temp->id = (p + k)->id;
				(p + k)->id = (p + k + 1)->id;
				(p + k + 1)->id = temp->id;
				p = pStu;
				temp->score = (p + k)->score;
				(p + k)->score = (p + k + 1)->score;
				(p + k + 1)->score = temp->score;
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		cout << (pStu + i)->name << "  ";
		cout << (pStu + i)->id << "  ";
		cout << (pStu + i)->score << "\n";
	}
	cout << "是否要将排序结果写入文件?（文件名为“Student_by_sno.txt”）" << endl;
	if (getchar() == 'y')
	{
		ofstream out ("Student_by_sno.txt");
		cout << "\n开始写入文件" << endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			out << (pStu + i)->name << "  ";
			out << (pStu + i)->id << "  ";
			out << (pStu + i)->score << "\n";
		}
		out.close();
		cout << "……" << endl; Sleep(1000);
		cout << "……" << endl; Sleep(1000);
		cout << "文件成功写入！" << endl << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "感谢使用，Bye~" << endl;
	}
}

void student_sort_score(STUDENT *pStu, int n, int(*pFunc)(STUDENT *x, STUDENT *y))
{
	STUDENT *p;
	p = pStu;
	STUDENT *temp;
	temp = (STUDENT*)malloc(sizeof(STUDENT));
	int k, j;    //循环使用
	for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
	{
		p = pStu;
		for (j = n - 1, k = 0; j >= i; j--, k++)
		{
			if (pFunc_score((p + k), (p + k + 1)))
			{
				strcpy(temp->name, (p + k)->name);
				strcpy((p + k)->name, (p + k + 1)->name);
				strcpy((p + k + 1)->name, temp->name);
				p = pStu;
				temp->id = (p + k)->id;
				(p + k)->id = (p + k + 1)->id;
				(p + k + 1)->id = temp->id;
				p = pStu;
				temp->score = (p + k)->score;
				(p + k)->score = (p + k + 1)->score;
				(p + k + 1)->score = temp->score;
			}
		}
	}
	cout << "是否要将排序结果写入文件?（文件名为“Student_by_score.txt”）" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		cout << (pStu + i)->name << "  ";
		cout << (pStu + i)->id << "  ";
		cout << (pStu + i)->score << "\n";
	}
	cout << "是否要将排序结果写入文件?（文件名为“Student_by_sno.txt”）" << endl;
	if (getchar() == 'y')
	{
		ofstream out("Student_by_score.txt");
		cout << "\n开始写入文件" << endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			out << (pStu + i)->name << "  ";
			out << (pStu + i)->id << "  ";
			out << (pStu + i)->score << "\n";
		}
		out.close();
		cout << "……" << endl; Sleep(1000);
		cout << "……" << endl; Sleep(1000);
		cout << "文件成功写入！" << endl << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "感谢使用，Bye~" << endl;
	}
}

void run(STUDENT *pStu,int number)
{
	system("title 学生信息排序");
	gotoxy(35, 2); cout << "★功能列表★";
	gotoxy(30, 3); cout << "1: 按照学生姓名排序";
	gotoxy(30, 4); cout << "2：按照学生学号排序";
	gotoxy(30, 5); cout << "3：按照学生分数排序";

	gotoxy(0, 12);
	int choice = 0;
	cout << "★请输入您要执行的功能：";
	cin >> choice;
	getchar();    //吸收回车
	switch (choice)
	{
	case 1:
		student_sort_name(pStu, number, pFunc_name);
		break;
	case 2:
		student_sort_id(pStu, number, pFunc_id);
		break;
	case 3:
		student_sort_score(pStu, number, pFunc_score);
		break;
	default:
		cout << "选择失败，感谢使用，再见！" << endl << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	cout << "***学生信息的初始化***" << endl;
	STUDENT * pStu;
	int number;
	cout << "How many people? " << endl;
	cin >> number;
	pStu = Init_Stu(number);
	system("cls");
	run(pStu,number);
	return 0;
}

*附加：

其实上面的运行结果排序的那几张图片还是有一些问题的，细心观察就会发现，好好我及时发现了这些问题，并在代码中进行了相应的修改。

问题来源：

交换的只是结构体中指定的两个数据，而不能保证在该结构体的其他数据一并交换，故我在每一段交换的代码中将其他数据也一并进行了交换。

(运行结果图片并未做修改~)

 

 

 

 

 

☆仅仅记录日常编写代码 与 疑问(｀・ω・´)

 

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             最快的脚步不是跨越，而是继续，最慢的步伐不是小步，而是徘徊。

 

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