Git 基本操作

git init 初始化仓库

$ mkdir Hello-Git
$ cd Hello-Git
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/william/git/Hello-GitHub/Hello-Git/.git/

---

git status 查看仓库的状态

$ touch README.md
$ git status
On branch master

Initial commit

Untracked files:
  (use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed)

    README.md

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

---

git add 向暂存区中添加文件

$ git add README.md 
$ git status
On branch master

Initial commit

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached ..." to unstage)

    new file:   README.md

---

git commit 保存仓库的历史记录

$ git commit -m "First commit"
[master (root-commit) e57ce85] First commit
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 README.md

如果希望记录详细信息，在使用 commit 指令时，不加 -m 即可，注释的通用写法是：

• 第一行为简述
• 第二行是留空
• 第三行开始写详细描述，如修改原因，修改内容等

如果希望中止提交，将提交信息留空，直接关闭编辑器即可

---

git log 查看提交日志

$ git log
commit e57ce85ae7ce74318e7424e05bc508b06ea7c6dc
Author: JannyHo 
Date:   Tue May 16 11:00:38 2017 +0800

    First commit

• --pretty=short 只查看一行提交信息
• -p filename 查看某个文件的改动

---

git diff 查看更改前后的差别

$ git diff
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e69de29..ec80c56 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Git 教程

• 如果 diff 后面不带参数，查看的是 工作树和暂存区的差别，如果执行了 git add 命令把工作树的内容添加到暂存区后，再执行 diff 命令，将会看不到任何信息：

$ git add README.md 
$ git diff
$ 

这个时候，需要执行 git diff HEAD 命令查看 工作树与上次提交之间的差别 :

  $ git diff HEAD
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e69de29..ec80c56 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Git 教程