Linux常用命令行汇总

21、使用find查找文件所在目录路径
列出当前目录及子目录下所有文件和文件夹
方法：find Downloads
显示：Downloads
Downloads/.~lock.学号-姓名-2017年秋季卓越班《操作系统》实验3.docx#
Downloads/android-studio-ide-162.4069837-linux.zip
Downloads/sublime_text_3
Downloads/sublime_text_3/sublime_plugin.py
Downloads/sublime_text_3/changelog.txt
Downloads/sublime_text_3/sublime_text
Downloads/sublime_text_3/crash_reporter
Downloads/sublime_text_3/sublime.py
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/128x128
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/128x128/sublime-text.png
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/16x16
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/16x16/sublime-text.png
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/256x256
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/256x256/sublime-text.png
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/48x48
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/48x48/sublime-text.png
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/32x32
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/32x32/sublime-text.png
Downloads/sublime_text_3/plugin_host
Downloads/sublime_text_3/sublime_text.desktop
Downloads/sublime_text_3/python3.3.zip
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Python.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Perl.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Textile.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Matlab.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/RestructuredText.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Graphviz.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/LaTeX.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/C#.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Erlang.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Color Scheme - Default.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/CSS.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Haskell.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Regular Expressions.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Pascal.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/JavaScript.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/OCaml.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Makefile.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Color Scheme - Legacy.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Markdown.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/D.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Clojure.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Rust.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Theme - Default.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Groovy.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Ruby.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Diff.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Language - English.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/TCL.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Text.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Java.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Go.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/R.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/AppleScript.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/XML.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Rails.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Batch File.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Lua.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Scala.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Lisp.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Vintage.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/YAML.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/HTML.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/SQL.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/ASP.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Default.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/ShellScript.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/PHP.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/C++.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/Objective-C.sublime-package
Downloads/sublime_text_3/Packages/ActionScript.sublime-package
Downloads/学号-姓名-2017年秋季卓越班《操作系统》实验1.docx
Downloads/学号-姓名-2017年秋季卓越班《操作系统》实验3.docx
Downloads/【批量下载】学号-姓名-2017年秋季卓越班《操作系统》实验1等.zip
Downloads/bdtrans_1.2.5_chrome.crx
Downloads/学号-姓名-2017年秋季卓越班《操作系统》实验2.docx
列出当前目录下以“te”开头的文件名
方法：find . -name "te*"
显示：./.mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/storage/temporary
./.config/google-chrome/Default/Extensions/ghbmnnjooekpmoecnnnilnnbdlolhkhi/1.4_1/_locales/te
./.config/google-chrome/Default/Extensions/bfbmjmiodbnnpllbbbfblcplfjjepjdn/3.4.31.0_0/_locales/te
./.config/google-chrome/Default/Extensions/pkedcjkdefgpdelpbcmbmeomcjbeemfm/6117.717.0.4_0/_locales/te
./.config/google-chrome/Default/Extensions/cfhdojbkjhnklbpkdaibdccddilifddb/1.13.3_0/_locales/te
./.config/google-chrome/Default/Extensions/cfhdojbkjhnklbpkdaibdccddilifddb/1.13.4_0/_locales/te
./.config/google-chrome/Default/Extensions/dhdgffkkebhmkfjojejmpbldmpobfkfo/4.4_0/test.js
./test
./test2
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-trackwhite-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-malware-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-flashsubdoc-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-flashallow-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-flashallow-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/testexcept-flashsubdoc-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-phish-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-flashsubdoc-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/testexcept-flash-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-flash-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-flash-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-block-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-unwanted-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/testexcept-flashallow-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-trackwhite-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-unwanted-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-malware-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-track-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-block-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-phish-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/test-track-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/testexcept-flashallow-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/testexcept-flash-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing/testexcept-flashsubdoc-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-trackwhite-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-malware-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-flashsubdoc-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-flashallow-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-flashallow-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/testexcept-flashsubdoc-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-phish-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-flashsubdoc-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/testexcept-flash-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-flash-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-flash-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-block-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-unwanted-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/testexcept-flashallow-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-trackwhite-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-unwanted-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-malware-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-track-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-block-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-phish-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/test-track-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/testexcept-flashallow-simple.sbstore
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/testexcept-flash-simple.pset
./.cache/mozilla/firefox/m86ben0o.default/safebrowsing-updating/testexcept-flashsubdoc-simple.sbstore
./.cache/netease-cloud-music/TempFiles/temp-preview-font.png
find: ‘./.cache/dconf’: Permission denied
./.local/share/zeitgeist/fts.index/termlist.DB
./.local/share/zeitgeist/fts.index/termlist.baseA
./.local/share/zeitgeist/fts.index/termlist.baseB
进入/目录，然后列出/home/sfs/目录下文件“test”
方法：cd /
find /home/sfs/ -name "test"
显示：find: ‘/home/lost+found’: Permission denied
/home/wyx/test
find: ‘/home/wyx/.cache/dconf’: Permission denied
22、使用whereis查找程序文件（只查找系统目录下的系统文件，不查找用户文件）
方法：whereis find
显示：find: /usr/bin/find /usr/share/man/man1/find.1.gz /usr/share/info/find.info.gz
建立一个可执行程序s1，然后查找
方法：whereis s1
显示：s1:
23、查看系统的登录者和工作的控制台
方法：who
显示：wyx tty7 2017-10-16 06:07 (:0)
24、查看系统的登录者
方法：whoami
显示：wyx
25、查看系统版本信息
方法：uname -a
显示：Linux wys-pc 4.10.0-35-generic #39~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 13 09:02:42 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
26、获取命令帮助
方法：man find
显示：FIND(1) General Commands Manual FIND(1)


NAME
find - search for files in a directory hierarchy


SYNOPSIS
find [-H] [-L] [-P] [-D debugopts] [-Olevel] [starting-point...]
[expression]


DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of find. GNU find searches
the directory tree rooted at each given starting-point by evaluating
the given expression from left to right, according to the rules of
precedence (see section OPERATORS), until the outcome is known (the
left hand side is false for and operations, true for or), at which
point find moves on to the next file name. If no starting-point is
specified, `.' is assumed.


If you are using find in an environment where security is important
(for example if you are using it to search directories that are
writable by other users), you should read the "Security Considerations"
chapter of the findutils documentation, which is called Finding Files
and comes with findutils. That document also includes a lot more
Manual page find(1) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)
27、获取命令功能简介
方法：whatis find
显示：find (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy
28、获取具备某些功能的命令
方法：apropos search
显示：serarch: nothing appropriate.