文件路径:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-网卡名
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet(网卡类型)
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static(设置网络接口IP地址的配置方式)
DEFROUTE=yes(是否设置默认路由,若为yes则可以在该文件通过IPADDR和NETMASK两个参数来设置网关)
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=41c7bb50-9989-42f5-8656-08e912d3340a
DEVICE=ens33(网络接口名)
ONBOOT=yes(设置网络接口是否在系统启动时激活)
(1)ifconfig查看所有网卡信息
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.60.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.60.255
inet6 fe80::46a1:7cc7:c89e:283a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:79:c5:44 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 28 bytes 3613 (3.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 45 bytes 5665 (5.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
(2)ip add 查看网卡的IP地址,可看状态(ip link show 网卡名)
[root@localhost ~]# ip link show ens33
2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:79:c5:44 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]# ethtool ens33
Settings for ens33:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Supported FEC modes: Not reported
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
Speed: 1000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
MDI-X: off (auto)
Supports Wake-on: d
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
drv probe link
Link detected: yes
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -natpu
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1394/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1146/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1146/sshd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 784/rpcbind
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 837/chronyd
udp6 0 0 :::948 :::* 784/rpcbind
参数:
LISTEN:监听中
ESTABLISHED:已确认
-a:显示所有活动的网络连接信息
-n:以IP地址形式显示
-r:显示路由表
-t:查看tcp协议相关的信息
-u:查看udp协议相关的信息
-p:显示进程号
[root@localhost ~]# ss -natpu
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:948 *:*
users:(("rpcbind",pid=784,fd=7))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
users:(("rpcbind",pid=784,fd=8))
参数:
-a:显示所有活动的网络连接信息
-n:显示服务端口号
-r:显示服务名称,默认
-l:显示监听端口
-t:查看tcp协议相关的信息
-u:查看udp协议相关的信息
-p:显示进程号
把虚拟机暴露在局域网环境下,可以直接被访问,但不能访问外网(如www.baidu.com)
把各个虚拟机包括宿主机之间构建成一个同一网段局域网,无法访问其他网段。
那虚拟机连接到类似三层交换机的虚拟网卡上,不仅可以局域网之内通信,而且还可以外部通信互联网。
一般用于网络调试
(1)物理网卡
命令格式:
ifconfig 网卡名 IP地址 /子网掩码位数
ifconfig 网卡名 IP地址 netmask 子网掩码
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33 192.168.60.88/24
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33 192.168.60.87 netmask 255.255.255.0
(2)逻辑网卡子接口
命令格式:
ifconfig 网卡名:子接口(0/1/2/3…)IP地址 /子网掩码位数
ifconfig 网卡名:子接口(0/1/2/3…) IP地址 netmask 子网掩码
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.60.86/24
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.60.85 netmask 255.255.255.0
启用网卡:ifup 网卡名
禁用网卡:ifdown 网卡名
[root@localhost ~]#ifup ens33
[root@localhost ~]#ifdown ens33
修改配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=41c7bb50-9989-42f5-8656-08e912d3340a
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.60.88
GATEWAY=192.168.60.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
文件路径:/etc/sysconfig/network
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
命令格式:hostnamectl set-hostname 主机名
激活方式:su两次切换
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname zhangqing
[root@localhost ~]# su zhangsan
su: user zhangsan does not exist
[root@localhost ~]# useradd zhangsan
[root@localhost ~]# su zhangsan
[zhangsan@zhangqing root]$ su root
密码:
[root@zhangqing ~]#
命令格式:hostname 主机名
激活方式:bash
[root@zhangqing ~]# hostname localhost
[root@zhangqing ~]# bash
[root@localhost ~]#
显示主机名:route(默认)
[root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.60.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
显示IP地址:route -n
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.60.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
0.0.0.0 192.168.60.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.60.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
添加:route add -net 路由网段/几位子网掩码 gw 下一跳地址(一般是本机网关)
[root@localhost ~]# route add -net 192.168.70.0/24 gw 192.168.60.2
[root@localhost ~]# route add -net 192.168.80.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.60.2
[root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.60.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.70.0 gateway 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
192.168.80.0 gateway 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
删除:route del 路由网段/掩码
[root@localhost ~]# route del -net 192.168.70.0/24
[root@localhost ~]# route del -net 192.168.80.0/24
[root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.60.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
添加:route add default gw 下一跳地址
[root@localhost ~]# route add default gw 192.168.60.2
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.60.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
0.0.0.0 192.168.60.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
删除:route del default gw 下一跳地址
[root@localhost ~]# route del default gw 192.168.60.2
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.60.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33