Django REST framework 视图和路由详解
DRF中的Request
在Django REST Framework中内置的Request类扩展了Django中的Request类，实现了很多方便的功能--如请求数据解析和认证等。
比如，区别于Django中的request从request.GET中获取URL参数，从request.POST中取某些情况下的POST数据。
在APIView中封装的request，就实现了请求数据的解析：
对于GET请求的参数我们通过request.query_params来获取。
对于POST请求、PUT请求的数据我们通过request.data来获取。
前提
序列化
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
class CommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Comment
fields = "__all__"
extra_kwargs = {
"content": {"error_messages": {"required": "评论内容不能为空"}},
"article": {"error_messages": {"required": "文章不能为空"}}
}
class SchoolSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.School
fields = "__all__"
第一阶段：手垒代码
视图
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class SchoolView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
query_set = models.School.objects.all()
ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(query_set, many=True)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
class SchoolDetail(APIView):
def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):
obj = models.School.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(obj)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
视图第二阶段：简单使用rest formwork自带混合类方法
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView # 公共类
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin # 混合类 必须与公共类搭配着使用
class SchoolView(GenericAPIView, mixins.ListModelMixin): # 查看学校列表
queryset = models.School.objects.all()
serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
class SchoolDetail(GenericAPIView, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin): # 创建，与具体查出某一条记录
queryset = models.School.objects.all()
serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
路由
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第三阶段：使用rest formwork自带的通用类方法
视图
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView, ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIVie
class SchoolView(ListCreateAPIView): # 创建
queryset = models.School.objects.all()
serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer
class SchoolDetail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): # 更新
queryset = models.School.objects.all()
serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer
第四阶段：使用rest formwork自带的封装所有放的类，代码量最少，功能最全路由同上
视图
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet # 里面封装了操作的所有方法，增删改查查
class SchoolView(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.School.objects.all()
serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer
路由
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高级路由
视图
同上
路由
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精华：流程图
