现有一个树状的层级结构,每一个实体都持有一个父节点的信息,在这里姑且认为持有父节点的id。
生成表的语句为:
create table test (id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(10), pid int);
有以下几种解决方案:
一、层数不多的情况下,可以采用left join的方式。以总共四层,寻找二级节点以下节点为例:
select t1.id,t2.id,t3.id from test as t1 left join test as t2 on t2.pid = t1.id left join test as t3 on t3.pid = t2.id where t1.id = 3;
从网上查找的几种方案:
二、利用函数来得到所有子节点号。
创建一个function getChildLst, 得到一个由所有子节点号组成的字符串.
mysql> delimiter //
mysql>
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION `getChildLst`(rootId INT)
-> RETURNS varchar(1000)
-> BEGIN
-> DECLARE sTemp VARCHAR(1000);
-> DECLARE sTempChd VARCHAR(1000);
->
-> SET sTemp = '$';
-> SET sTempChd =cast(rootId as CHAR);
->
-> WHILE sTempChd is not null DO
-> SET sTemp = concat(sTemp,',',sTempChd);
-> SELECT group_concat(id) INTO sTempChd FROM treeNodes where FIND_IN_SET(pid,sTempChd)>0;
-> END WHILE;
-> RETURN sTemp;
-> END
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> delimiter ;
使用我们直接利用find_in_set函数配合这个getChildlst来查找
mysql> select getChildLst(1);
+-----------------+
| getChildLst(1) |
+-----------------+
| $,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from treeNodes
-> where FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(1));
+----+----------+------+
| id | nodename | pid |
+----+----------+------+
| 1 | A | 0 |
| 2 | B | 1 |
| 3 | C | 1 |
| 4 | D | 2 |
| 5 | E | 2 |
| 6 | F | 3 |
| 7 | G | 6 |
+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from treeNodes
-> where FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(3));
+----+----------+------+
| id | nodename | pid |
+----+----------+------+
| 3 | C | 1 |
| 6 | F | 3 |
| 7 | G | 6 |
+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
优点: 简单,方便,没有递归调用层次深度的限制 (max_sp_recursion_depth,最大255) ;
缺点:长度受限,虽然可以扩大 RETURNS varchar(1000),但总是有最大限制的。
MySQL( 5.1.33-community)中还不支持function 的递归调用。
三、利用临时表和过程递归
创建存储过程如下。createChildLst 为递归过程,showChildLst为调用入口过程,准备临时表及初始化。
mysql> delimiter //
mysql>
mysql> # 入口过程
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE showChildLst (IN rootId INT)
-> BEGIN
-> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tmpLst
-> (sno int primary key auto_increment,id int,depth int);
-> DELETE FROM tmpLst;
->
-> CALL createChildLst(rootId,0);
->
-> select tmpLst.*,treeNodes.* from tmpLst,treeNodes where tmpLst.id=treeNodes.id order by tmpLst.sno;
-> END;
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> # 递归过程
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE createChildLst (IN rootId INT,IN nDepth INT)
-> BEGIN
-> DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
-> DECLARE b INT;
-> DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT id FROM treeNodes where pid=rootId;
-> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
->
-> insert into tmpLst values (null,rootId,nDepth);
->
-> OPEN cur1;
->
-> FETCH cur1 INTO b;
-> WHILE done=0 DO
-> CALL createChildLst(b,nDepth+1);
-> FETCH cur1 INTO b;
-> END WHILE;
->
-> CLOSE cur1;
-> END;
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
调用时传入结点
mysql> call showChildLst(1);
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| sno | id | depth | id | nodename | pid |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | A | 0 |
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | B | 1 |
| 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | D | 2 |
| 7 | 5 | 2 | 5 | E | 2 |
| 8 | 3 | 1 | 3 | C | 1 |
| 9 | 6 | 2 | 6 | F | 3 |
| 10 | 7 | 3 | 7 | G | 6 |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.13 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.14 sec)
mysql>
mysql> call showChildLst(3);
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| sno | id | depth | id | nodename | pid |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | C | 1 |
| 2 | 6 | 1 | 6 | F | 3 |
| 3 | 7 | 2 | 7 | G | 6 |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.11 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.11 sec)
depth 为深度,这样可以在程序进行一些显示上的格式化处理。类似于oracle中的 level 伪列。sno 仅供排序控制。这样你还可以通过临时表tmpLst与数据库中其它表进行联接查询。
MySQL中你可以利用系统参数 max_sp_recursion_depth 来控制递归调用的层数上限。如下例设为12.
mysql> set max_sp_recursion_depth=12;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
优点 : 可以更灵活处理,及层数的显示。并且可以按照树的遍历顺序得到结果。
缺点 : 递归有255的限制。
四、利用中间表和过程
(本方法由yongyupost2000提供样子改编)
创建存储过程如下。由于MySQL中不允许在同一语句中对临时表多次引用,只以使用普通表tmpLst来实现了。当然你的程序中负责在用完后清除这个表。
delimiter //
drop PROCEDURE IF EXISTS showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000//
CREATE PROCEDURE showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000 (IN rootid INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE Level int ;
drop TABLE IF EXISTS tmpLst;
CREATE TABLE tmpLst (
id int,
nLevel int,
sCort varchar(8000)
);
Set Level=0 ;
INSERT into tmpLst SELECT id,Level,ID FROM treeNodes WHERE PID=rootid;
WHILE ROW_COUNT()>0 DO
SET Level=Level+1 ;
INSERT into tmpLst
SELECT A.ID,Level,concat(B.sCort,A.ID) FROM treeNodes A,tmpLst B
WHERE A.PID=B.ID AND B.nLevel=Level-1 ;
END WHILE;
END;
//
delimiter ;
CALL showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000(0);
执行完后会产生一个tmpLst表,nLevel 为节点深度,sCort 为排序字段。
使用方法
SELECT concat(SPACE(B.nLevel*2),'+--',A.nodename)
FROM treeNodes A,tmpLst B
WHERE A.ID=B.ID
ORDER BY B.sCort;
+--------------------------------------------+
| concat(SPACE(B.nLevel*2),'+--',A.nodename) |
+--------------------------------------------+
| +--A |
| +--B |
| +--D |
| +--E |
| +--C |
| +--F |
| +--G |
| +--H |
| +--J |
| +--K |
| +--I |
| +--L |
| +--N |
| +--O |
| +--P |
| +--Q |
| +--M |
+--------------------------------------------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
优点 : 层数的显示。并且可以按照树的遍历顺序得到结果。没有递归限制。
缺点 : MySQL中对临时表的限制,只能使用普通表,需做事后清理。