用python读写excel， (xlrd、xlwt for xls format)，（openpyxl for xlsx format）

REF：http://www.cnblogs.com/MrLJC/p/3715783.html

https://www.programering.com/a/MTMyQDNwATU.html

https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html#saving-as-a-str

1  xlrd、xlwt,（xls format)

一、读excel表

读excel要用到xlrd模块，官网安装（http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd）。然后就可以跟着里面的例子稍微试一下就知道怎么用了。大概的流程是这样的：

1、导入模块

      import xlrd

2、打开Excel文件读取数据

       data = xlrd.open_workbook('excel.xls')

3、获取一个工作表

1  table = data.sheets()[0]          #通过索引顺序获取
2  table = data.sheet_by_index(0) #通过索引顺序获取
3  table = data.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1')#通过名称获取

4、获取整行和整列的值（返回数组）

         table.row_values(i)

         table.col_values(i)

5、获取行数和列数　

        table.nrows

        table.ncols

6、获取单元格

　　table.cell(0,0).value

       table.cell(2,3).value

 

二、写excel表

　　写excel表要用到xlwt模块，官网下载（http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt）。大致使用流程如下：

1、导入模块

　　import xlwt

2、创建workbook（其实就是excel，后来保存一下就行）

　　workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')

3、创建表
　　worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')

4、往单元格内写入内容

　　worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Row 0, Column 0 Value')

5、保存

　　workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

"""
#-------------------------------xlwt 1---------------------------------------
import xlwt
 
def main():
    """"""
    book = xlwt.Workbook()
    sheet1 = book.add_sheet("PySheet1")
 
    cols = ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]
    txt = "Row %s, Col %s"
 
    for num in range(5):
        row = sheet1.row(num)
        for index, col in enumerate(cols):
            value = txt % (num+1, col)
            row.write(index, value)
    book.save("test.xls")
    sheet = book.add_sheet('Sheet 1')
 

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
"""

#-----------------------------xlrd 1-----------------------------------------
from xlutils.copy import copy
import xlrd
import xlwt


rb = xlrd.open_workbook('test.xls')

def main():
    #rb = xlrd.open_workbook('sample.xls')
    rb = xlrd.open_workbook('test.xls')
    
    wb = copy(rb)
    sheet = wb.get_sheet(0)
   
    sheet.write(5, 5, 'sample 2')
    #sheet.write_merge(3, 4, 3, 4, 'sample 3', xlwt.easyxf('align: horse center, vert center'))
    wb.save('test.xls')

    sheet = wb.add_sheet('Sheet 1')
    wb.save('test.xls')
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()



#----------------------------------------------------------------------

 

2  openpyxl  for（xlsx format）

REF： https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html#saving-as-a-stream

https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage.html#write-a-workbook

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
import datetime
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter


#REF:  https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
#REF   https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage.html#write-a-workbook
#REF   https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html
#REF   https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35693094/worksheet-range-names-does-not-exist-keyerror-in-openpyxl?rq=1

#----------------------------------Simple usage------------------------------
#Write a workbook

wb = Workbook()
dest_filename = 'empty_book.xlsx'

ws1 = wb.active
ws1.title = "range names"

for row in range(1, 40):
   ws1.append(range(600))

ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Pi")

ws2['F5'] = 3.14

ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title="Data")
for row in range(10, 20):
   for col in range(27, 54):
       _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
print(ws3['AA10'].value)

wb.save(filename = dest_filename)


#Read an existing workbook

wb = load_workbook(filename = 'empty_book.xlsx')
sheet_ranges = wb['range names']
print(sheet_ranges['D18'].value)

#Note
    #There are several flags that can be used in load_workbook.

    #guess_types will enable or disable (default) type inference when reading cells.
    #data_only controls whether cells with formulae have either the formula (default) or
    #the value stored the last time Excel read the sheet.
    #keep_vba controls whether any Visual Basic elements are preserved or not (default).
    #If they are preserved they are still not editable.

#Warning
    #openpyxl does currently not read all possible items in an Excel file so images and
    #charts will be lost from existing files if they are opened and saved with the same name.
#----------------------------------Simple usage end------------------------------



wb = Workbook()

# grab the active worksheet
ws = wb.active
"""
# Data can be assigned directly to cells
ws['A1'] = 42

# Rows can also be appended
ws.append([1, 2, 3])

# Python types will automatically be converted
ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now()

# Save the file
wb.save("sample.xlsx")
"""
#------------------------creat write------------------------------


wb = Workbook()

dest_filename = 'empty_book.xlsx'

ws1 = wb.active
ws1.title = "range names"

for row in range(1, 40):
    ws1.append(range(600))

ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Pi")

ws2['F5'] = 3.14

ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title="Data")
for row in range(10, 20):
   for col in range(27, 54):
       _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
print(ws3['AA10'].value)

wb.save(filename = dest_filename)


#-------------------------read------------------------
wb = load_workbook(filename = 'sample.xlsx')


# To display all of the available worksheet names
sheets = wb.sheetnames
print (sheets)

# To work with the first sheet (by name)
ws = wb[sheets[0]]
print (ws['A1'].value)


# To work with the active sheet
ws = wb.active
print (ws['A1'].value)


# To work with the active sheet (alternative method)
ws = wb.get_active_sheet()
print (ws['A1'].value)

#--------------------------------Tutorial-----------------------------------------------
#--------------------------------Create a workbook--------------------------------------
#There is no need to create a file on the filesystem to get started with openpyxl. 
#   Just import the Workbook class and start work:
wb = Workbook()

#A workbook is always created with at least one worksheet. You can get it by using
#   the Workbook.active property:
ws = wb.active
"""
Note:
This is set to 0 by default. Unless you modify its value,
you will always get the first worksheet by using this method.
"""

#You can create new worksheets using the Workbook.create_sheet() method:
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") # insert at the end (default)
# or
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) # insert at first position


#Sheets are given a name automatically when they are created. They are numbered
#   in sequence (Sheet, Sheet1, Sheet2, …). You can change this name at any time
#   with the Worksheet.title property:
ws.title = "New Title"

#The background color of the tab holding this title is white by default.
#   You can change this providing an RRGGBB color code to the
#   Worksheet.sheet_properties.tabColor attribute:
ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"

#Once you gave a worksheet a name, you can get it as a key of the workbook:
ws3 = wb["New Title"]


#You can review the names of all worksheets of the workbook with the
#   Workbook.sheetname attribute
print(wb.sheetnames)

#You can loop through worksheets
for sheet in wb:
    print(sheet.title)

#You can create copies of worksheets within a single workbook:
#Workbook.copy_worksheet() method:
source = wb.active
target = wb.copy_worksheet(source)
"""
Note

Only cells (including values, styles, hyperlinks and comments) and certain
worksheet attribues (including dimensions, format and properties) are copied.
All other workbook / worksheet attributes are not copied - e.g. Images, Charts.

You also cannot copy worksheets between workbooks. You cannot copy a worksheet
if the workbook is open in read-only or write-only mode.
"""

#-----------------------------Playing with data
#   Accessing one cell---------------------------------------------------------

#Now we know how to get a worksheet, we can start modifying cells content.
#   Cells can be accessed directly as keys of the worksheet:
c = ws['A4']

#This will return the cell at A4, or create one if it does not exist yet.
#   Values can be directly assigned:
ws['A4'] = 4
#There is also the Worksheet.cell() method.

#This provides access to cells using row and column notation:
d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)
print(d)
print(d.value)

d = ws.cell(row=i, column=j, value="{0}".format(title_1))
print(d)
print(d.value)