vsftp-安全和虚拟账户

vsftp-安全和虚拟账户

Vsftp传输重要数据不安全，要采用ssl保证安全

1.安装ca

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost

::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

222.1.1.132   www.hotel.com

[root@www ~]# hostname

www.hotel.com

[root@www ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network

HOSTNAME=www.hotel.com

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

45 dir             = /etc/pki/CA           # Where everything is kept

88 countryName             = optional

89 stateOrProvinceName     = optional

90 organizationName        = optional

[root@www ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/

[root@www CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 >private/cakey.pem

[root@www CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem

[root@www CA]# chmod 600 private/*

[root@www CA]# mkdir crl certs newcerts

[root@www CA]# touch serial index.txt

[root@www CA]# echo "09">serial

[root@www Server]# rpm -ivh vsftpd--16.el5_4.1.i386.rpm

[root@www Server]# mkdir -pv /etc/ftp/certs

mkdir: created directory `/etc/ftp'

mkdir: created directory `/etc/ftp/certs'

[root@www Server]# cd /etc/ftp/certs

[root@www certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key产生密钥

[root@www certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr产生请求证书的文件

[root@www certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

Check that the request matches the signature

Signature ok

Certificate Details:

        Serial Number: 9 (0x9)

        Validity

            Not Before: Oct 22 11:34:52 2011 GMT

            Not After : Oct 21 11:34:52 2012 GMT

        Subject:

            countryName               = cn

            stateOrProvinceName       = hn

            organizationName          = zzu

            organizationalUnitName    = hotel

            commonName                = www.hotel.com

        X509v3 extensions:

            X509v3 Basic Constraints:

                CA:FALSE

            Netscape Comment:

                OpenSSL Generated Certificate

            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:

                74:9A:07:DB:7B:89:75:D0:90:66:71:04:91:72:42:68:F9:9F:0A:0A

            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:

                keyid:B6:53:B5:C4:64:8E:7C:E2:DE:2A:8C:F9:8E:0D:1C:5C:7F:52:99:48

Certificate is to be certified until Oct 21 11:34:52 2012 GMT (365 days)

Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y

Write out database with 1 new entries

Data Base Updated

使用抓包工具测试ftp的安全性

# yum list all |grep wireshark

wireshark.i386                         -1.el5_3.1       rhel-server       

wireshark-gnome.i386                   -1.el5_3.1       rhel-server       

# yum install wireshark* -y --有依赖的包

# useradd user1

# passwd user1

#service vsftpd start

#chkconfig vsftpd on

# cd /var/ftp/pub/

# touch test01

# touch test02

#tshark –ni eth0 –R “tcp.dstport eq 21”

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采用ssl安全登陆

[root@www pub]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

--vsftp是支持ssl的

--默认是no

force_local_logins_ssl=YES

force_local_data_ssl=YES

ssl_enable=YES

ssl_tlsv1=YES

ssl_sslv2=YES

ssl_sslv3=YES

rsa_cert_file=/etc/ftp/certs/vsftpd.crt

rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ftp/certs/vsftpd.key

pam_service_name=vsftpd

userlist_enable=YES

tcp_wrappers=YES

[root@www pub]# service vsftpd restart

[root@www pub]# chmod 600 /etc/ftp/certs*

#service vsftpd restart

命令行不支持ftps登陆，需要使用ftp客户端工具登陆

Flashfxp

[root@www pub]# tail -f /var/log/secure

Oct 22 20:18:28 www sshd[5584]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user user1 by (uid=0)

Oct 22 20:18:28 www sshd[5588]: subsystem request for sftp

Oct 22 20:18:55 www sshd[5584]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user user1

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虚拟账号

在linux系统上不存在的账号，但是是能够访问ftp的账号

当虚拟用户登陆到ftp服务器时会转换成其他linux系统上用户的身份访问ftp

1.创建虚拟账号的文件并转换成数据库文件

[root@www pub]# cd /etc/ftp

[root@www ftp]# cd /etc/vsftpd/

[root@www vsftpd]# vim viruser.txt

zhangsan

123

lisi

123

需要安装光盘的数据库转换文件的工具

[root@www vsftpd]# cd /mnt/cdrom/Server/

rpm –qlp db4-utils-4.3.29-10.el5.i386.rpm

--查看有没有db_load工具

[root@www Server]# rpm -ivh db4-utils--10.el5.i386.rpm

#/lib/security/pam_userdb.so  模块存放的位置

# /lib/security/pam_userdb.so

Segmentation fault

# more /usr/share/doc/pam-0.99.6.2/txts/README.pam_userdb

查看模块的用法

[root@www Server]# cd /etc/vsftpd/

--db_load 没有man手册

[root@www vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f viruser.txt viruser.db

[root@www vsftpd]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

force_local_logins_ssl=YES

force_local_data_ssl=YES

ssl_enable=YES

ssl_tlsv1=YES

ssl_sslv2=YES

ssl_sslv3=YES

rsa_cert_file=/etc/ftp/certs/vsftpd.crt

rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ftp/certs/vsftpd.key

pam_service_name=vsftpd.v

需要加入来宾账户

guest_enable=YES      打开guest账号否则虚拟用户登陆到ftp站点，提示连接错误

guest_username=user1  设置虚拟账号的映射必须是本地的用户账号可以没有密码的账号

[root@www pam.d]# cp vsftpd vsftpd.v

[root@www pam.d]# vim vsftpd.v

#%PAM-1.0

--验证的规则的文件和模块

auth       required     pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/viruser

--判断账号密码是否有效

account    required     pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/viruser

[root@www pam.d]# service vsftpd restart

ftp client 测试匿名用户登陆

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--登陆有关的日志

[root@www pam.d]# tail -f /var/log/secure

Oct 22 20:26:08 www sshd[5678]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user user1 by (uid=0)

Oct 22 20:26:08 www sshd[5680]: subsystem request for sftp

Oct 22 20:38:25 www sshd[5678]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user user1

Oct 22 20:38:51 www sshd[5756]: Accepted password for user1 from UNKNOWN port 2627 ssh2

Oct 22 20:38:51 www sshd[5756]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user user1 by (uid=0)

Oct 22 21:11:00 www vsftpd: pam_userdb(vsftpd.v:auth): user 'zhangsan' granted access

Oct 22 21:14:27 www vsftpd: pam_userdb(vsftpd.v:auth): user 'lisi' granted access